Does the taught content of care planning live up to mental health student nurses experiences and perceptions of practice?

Care planning should be a collaboration between the service user, caregivers and the relevant professionals. It is based on recovery principles, where clients identify their goals and how to work to reach them, rather than concentrating on illness, symptoms and problems. Mental health nursing students were taught the theory but observed that, in their clinical placements, this approach was often not followed in practice. These issues were explored in two teaching sessions with six students. Subsequent focus groups were recorded, transcribed and analysed, yielding four main themes: care planning custom and practice, collaboration, organisational culture and student assumptions about their mentors. Participants detailed how care planning might not be person-centred in practice. It was suggested that this might be due to clinical customs, strains and restrictions, lack of collaboration between service users and the multidisciplinary team, and inept organisational culture. The main challenge for services has been how to manage risk as well as the person-centred approach, and the ‘competing dilemmas associated with care-versus-control issues’.

Convex and concave: conceptual boundaries in psychology, now and then (but mainly then).

Article from special issue on Victorian boundaries. Reproduced with permission of the publisher. © 2004 Cambridge University Press.My title is derived from G. H. Lewes's psychological magnum opus Problems of Life and Mind (1874–79). Lewes's image is a metaphor for the relation of mind to brain, or more generally of the mind to the nervous system: “every mental phenomenon has its corresponding neural phenomenon (the two being as convex and concave surfaces of the same sphere, distinguishable yet identical)” (Problems: First Series 1: 112). His point is that, though the two entities can be analytically distinguished, they are as necessarily linked as the two surfaces of a bending plane. Like the recto and verso of a sheet of paper, or signifier and signified in the linguistic sign, one can make an interpretative separation of the two, but not an ontological one. It is a characteristically deft metaphor by Lewes to express a notoriously vexed relationship, not only in Victorian psychology but also in modern thinking today

The 1944 Senatorial Election: The Defeat of Gerald P. Nye

The problem involved in this thesis is to investigate the causes for Senator Nye\u27s defeat in the 1944 Senatorial election. The particular problem involved here is that isolationism has been commonly interpreted as the decisive reason for his defeat. This, however, is a singular interpretation of history largely stemming from the national scene while ignoring developments on the local level. The procedure then was to investigate the opinion of Senator Nye from the state level. This included research in personalities and public episodes concurrent with Nye\u27s year in the Senate. It also included a careful analysis of the North Dakota newspapers regarding the 1944 Senatorial election. The results of the studies made on the state level largely remove isolationism as the major cause for Senator Nye\u27s defeat. Instead, we find such issues as the discontent of North Dakotans with Nye\u27s record in Congress, the domestic problems of the Senator which caused resentment in North Dakota, the tremendous campaign waged by Governor Moses who defeated Nye. The personage of William Langer always looming in the shadow attempted at every opportunity to defeat his old political foe, Senator Nye. In conclusion, Nye\u27s defeat resulted from a multiple set of historical causes rather than the singular issue of isolationism. This study has not totally discredited isolationism as an issue but merely has excluded a singular interpretation of history in preference to multiple interpretations

Questionnaires for Lung Health in Africa across the Life Course.

Respiratory infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many low and middle-income countries but non-communicable disease rates are rising fast. Prevalence studies have been primarily symptom-focused, with tools developed in countries in the Global North such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Systematic study in sub-Saharan African populations is necessary to accurately reflect disease risk factors present in these populations. We present tools for such studies, developed as part of the International Multidisciplinary Programme to Address Lung Health and TB in Africa ('IMPALA'), which includes lay representatives. At a preliminary meeting, the adequacy and suitability of existing tools was discussed and a new questionnaire set proposed. Individual questionnaires were developed, and an expert panel considered content and criterion validity. Questionnaires underwent a cross-cultural adaptation process, incorporating translation and contextual 'sense-checking', through the use of pre-established lay focus groups in Malawi, before consensus-approval by project collaborators. The complete set of research questionnaires, providing information on lung health symptoms and a relevant range of potential risk factors for lung disease, is now available online. In developing the tools, cultural and contextual insights were important, as were translational considerations. The process benefitted from a foundation in expert knowledge, starting with validated tools and internationally respected research groups, and from a coordinated collaborative approach. We present and discuss a newly devised, contextually appropriate set of questionnaires for non-communicable lung disease research in Africa that are now available in open access for all to use

Addressing poverty through local economic and enterprise development: A review of conceptual approaches and practice

This paper reviews some of the current literature on LED with particular attention paid to rural areas and small and intermediate urban centres (SIUCs). Section 1 looks at the dominant strategies over recent years and presents some of the problems associated with them. Section 2 deals with the issue of space and assesses the issue of defining boundaries and rural-urban distinctions. Some of the impacts of globalisation are addressed in section 3 and then in section 4 the Rural Economic Enterprise Development framework is presented. After case studies of South Africa, Bangladesh and the transition economies, the three final sections deal with issues of fostering entrepreneurship, uneven development and responsibility. Issues of linkages will be dealt with in every section in order to sufficiently demonstrate their importance and relevance to LED. Infrastructure will also be referred to in each section as this is inextricably linked to all aspects of LED. It should be noted, that this paper is a resource document for the DFID

Ever Westward to the Far East: the Story of Chester Fritz

Published in 1982, Ever Westward to the Far East tells the story of UND benefactor Chester Fritz. The book was written with Dan Rylance of the Chester Fritz Library.https://commons.und.edu/und-books/1102/thumbnail.jp

Applying inclusive business approaches to nature-based tourism in Namibia and South Africa

Inclusive business is described as private sector-led business initiatives that aim to profitably engage low-income populations across productive value chains. This paper aims to quantify the impact of businesses implementing inclusive business strategies to determine the value to local communities as well as the tourism business. The research reviews the direct impact of the business on communities, determines the value proposition to the businesses as well as comparing the partnership structures between the operators and communities. Practical examples from Namibia and South Africa are provided of how different strategies may, or may not, generate a tangible impact for both parties. The research contributes to the limited literature about inclusive business models in the tourism sector

Case Report-Progressive immobilising back and joint pain

No Abstract

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Sub-Saharan Africa

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in sub-Saharan Africa is a common cause of adult hospitalization and is associated with significant mortality. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in the region leads to differences in CAP epidemiology compared with most high-income settings: patients are younger, and coinfection with tuberculosis and opportunistic infections is common and difficult to diagnose. Resource limitations affect the availability of medical expertise as well as radiological and laboratory diagnostic services. These factors impact on key aspects of health care, including pathways of investigation, severity assessment, and the selection of empirical antimicrobial therapy. This review summarizes recent data from sub-Saharan Africa describing the burden, etiology, risk factors, and outcome of CAP. We describe the rational and context-appropriate approach to CAP diagnosis and management, including supportive therapy. Priorities for future research to inform strategies for CAP prevention and initial management are suggested