33,036 research outputs found
The New South Wales iVote System: Security Failures and Verification Flaws in a Live Online Election
In the world's largest-ever deployment of online voting, the iVote Internet
voting system was trusted for the return of 280,000 ballots in the 2015 state
election in New South Wales, Australia. During the election, we performed an
independent security analysis of parts of the live iVote system and uncovered
severe vulnerabilities that could be leveraged to manipulate votes, violate
ballot privacy, and subvert the verification mechanism. These vulnerabilities
do not seem to have been detected by the election authorities before we
disclosed them, despite a pre-election security review and despite the system
having run in a live state election for five days. One vulnerability, the
result of including analytics software from an insecure external server,
exposed some votes to complete compromise of privacy and integrity. At least
one parliamentary seat was decided by a margin much smaller than the number of
votes taken while the system was vulnerable. We also found protocol flaws,
including vote verification that was itself susceptible to manipulation. This
incident underscores the difficulty of conducting secure elections online and
carries lessons for voters, election officials, and the e-voting research
community
Fundamental concepts of structural loading and load relief techniques for the space shuttle
The prediction of flight loads and their potential reduction, using various control system logics for the space shuttle vehicles, is discussed. Some factors not found on previous launch vehicles that increase the complexity are large lifting surfaces, unsymmetrical structure, unsymmetrical aerodynamics, trajectory control system coupling, and large aeroelastic effects. These load-producing factors and load-reducing techniques are analyzed
Heavy and Light Quarks with Lattice Chiral Fermions
The feasibility of using lattice chiral fermions which are free of
errors for both the heavy and light quarks is examined. The fact that the
effective quark propagators in these fermions have the same form as that in the
continuum with the quark mass being only an additive parameter to a chirally
symmetric antihermitian Dirac operator is highlighted. This implies that there
is no distinction between the heavy and light quarks and no mass dependent
tuning of the action or operators as long as the discretization error is negligible. Using the overlap fermion, we find that the
(and ) errors in the dispersion relations of the pseudoscalar and
vector mesons and the renormalization of the axial-vector current and scalar
density are small. This suggests that the applicable range of may be
extended to with only 5% error, which is a factor of
larger than that of the improved Wilson action. We show that the generalized
Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation with unequal masses can be utilized to
determine the finite errors in the renormalization of the matrix elements
for the heavy-light decay constants and semileptonic decay constants of the B/D
meson.Comment: final version to appear in Int. Jou. Mod. Phys.
The dynamic phenomena of a tethered satellite: NASA's first Tethered Satellite Mission, TSS-1
The tethered satellite system (TSS) was envisioned as a means of extending a satellite from its base (space shuttle, space station, space platform) into a lower or higher altitude in order to more efficiently acquire data and perform science experiments. This is accomplished by attaching the satellite to a tether, deploying it, then reeling it in. When its mission is completed, the satellite can be returned to its base for reuse. If the tether contains a conductor, it can also be used as a means to generate and flow current to and from the satellite to the base. When current is flowed, the tether interacts with the Earth's magnetic field, deflecting the tether. When the current flows in one direction, the system becomes a propulsive system that can be used to boost the orbiting system. In the other direction, it is a power generating system. Pulsing the current sets up a dynamic oscillation in the tether, which can upset the satellite attitude and preclude docking. A basic problem occurs around 400-m tether length, during satellite retrieval when the satellite's pendulous (rotational) mode gets in resonance with the first lateral tether string mode. The problem's magnitude is determined by the amount of skiprope present coming into this resonance condition. This paper deals with the tethered satellite, its dynamic phenomena, and how the resulting problems were solved for the first tethered satellite mission (TSS-1). Proposals for improvements for future tethered satellite missions are included. Results from the first tethered satellite flight are summarized
Consolidated Markets, Brand Competition, and Orange Juice Prices
This paper examines how consolidation in the marketing system affects prices for orange juice. We isolated the pricing behavior of brand marketers, wholesalers, and retailers by observing the retail prices for specific orange juice products, including leading national brands and private label brands, in 54 U.S. markets over a 1-year period. The data provided little compelling evidence that consolidated markets engaged in non-competitive pricing behavior. Increased brand competition, particularly between private labels and leading national brands, did, however, appear to lower average market prices.consumer demographics, national brands, orange juice, price behavior, private labels, wholesaler concentration, retailer concentration, Demand and Price Analysis, Industrial Organization,
Structural control interaction
The basic guidance and control concepts that lead to structural control interaction and structural dynamic loads are identified. Space vehicle ascent flight load sources and the load relieving mechanism are discussed, along with the the characteristics and special problems of both present and future space vehicles including launch vehicles, orbiting vehicles, and the Space Shuttle flyback vehicle. The special dynamics and control analyses and test problems apparent at this time are summarized
Integrating Ecological and Engineering Concepts of Resilience in Microbial Communities
Many definitions of resilience have been proffered for natural and engineered ecosystems, but a conceptual consensus on resilience in microbial communities is still lacking. We argue that the disconnect largely results from the wide variance in microbial community complexity, which range from compositionally simple synthetic consortia to complex natural communities, and divergence between the typical practical outcomes emphasized by ecologists and engineers. Viewing microbial communities as elasto-plastic systems that undergo both recoverable and unrecoverable transitions, we argue that this gap between the engineering and ecological definitions of resilience stems from their respective emphases on elastic and plastic deformation, respectively. We propose that the two concepts may be fundamentally united around the resilience of function rather than state in microbial communities and the regularity in the relationship between environmental variation and a community\u27s functional response. Furthermore, we posit that functional resilience is an intrinsic property of microbial communities and suggest that state changes in response to environmental variation may be a key mechanism driving functional resilience in microbial communities
An increase in under hydrostatic pressure in the superconducting doped topological insulator NbBiSe
We report an unexpected positive hydrostatic pressure derivative of the
superconducting transition temperature in the doped topological insulator \NBS
via SQUID magnetometry in pressures up to 0.6 GPa. This result is contrary
to reports on the homologues \CBS and \SBS where smooth suppression of is
observed. Our results are consistent with recent Ginzburg-Landau theory
predictions of a pressure-induced enhancement of in the nematic
multicomponent state proposed to explain observations of rotational
symmetry breaking in doped BiSe superconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Antiphase dynamics in a multimode semiconductor laser with optical injection
A detailed experimental study of antiphase dynamics in a two-mode
semiconductor laser with optical injection is presented. The device is a
specially designed Fabry-Perot laser that supports two primary modes with a THz
frequency spacing. Injection in one of the primary modes of the device leads to
a rich variety of single and two-mode dynamical scenarios, which are reproduced
with remarkable accuracy by a four dimensional rate equation model. Numerical
bifurcation analysis reveals the importance of torus bifurcations in mediating
transitions to antiphase dynamics and of saddle-node of limit cycle
bifurcations in switching of the dynamics between single and two-mode regimes.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure
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