Inter- and Intra-rater Reliabililty of a Modified Approach to Scoring the Balance Error Scoring System BESS in Undistracted and Distracted Conditions

Context: We have developed a modified approach to scoring balance errors with the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) by eliminating two of the six original error criteria. Objective: To measure the inter- and intra-rater reliability of this modified BESS approach. Because of the potential auditory distractions that may be present in a clinical setting, we also measured reliability for distracted rating conditions. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University sports medicine clinic. Patients or Other Participants: Board of Certification (BOC) certified athletic trainers as raters (n=6). Intervention: Raters used a modified approach to scoring the BESS to score 32 different sets of pre-recorded videos of balancers completing the six stance positions of the BESS. They first completed this in an undistracted condition, then one week later in a distracted condition as they performed a concurrent auditory vigilance task. Main Outcome Measures: Two-way, random, absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) measured the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the modified approach for undistracted and distracted conditions. Repeated measures ANOVAs tested for effects of condition (undistracted vs. distracted) and also BESS stance position (e.g. single-leg, foam) on the raters’ reported number of errors. Results: For the undistracted condition, inter- and intra-rater reliability ICCs were 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. For the distracted condition, inter- and intra-rater reliability ICCs were 0.89 and 0.92, respectively. There was no significant effect of condition (undistracted vs. distracted) on the reported number of errors in the total error score or in the individual stance position scores. Conclusions: This modified approach to scoring the BESS is reliable, even when used in a potentially distracting environment

404 King Street: The Charleston County Library and Modern Architecture in Charleston

This thesis examines the development and construction of the Charleston County Library at 404 King Street in Charleston, South Carolina. The research and analysis of this site provides a case study for the development and treatment of the Modern style in downtown Charleston. Significant aspects of this include evaluation of the community\u27s input and reaction to development of the site, and reactions to its completion and opening. This begins with an overview of the development of the Modern style in America and American library design, and how this translates into South Carolina. Then the influences of these larger communities on the design for the Charleston County Library are studied. Concluding the research is an effort to highlight the structures significance in Charleston, while creating a reference point for a conversation on the role of the recent past and evaluating mid-century architecture

Field borders for agronomic, economic and wildlife benefits

"Original authors: Robert A. Pierce II, Bill White, D. Todd Jones-Farrand, Thomas V. Dailey and Brent Carpenter""During the past few decades, dramatic changes have occurred across Missouri's agricultural landscape. Those changes include generally larger farms, increased field sizes, promotion of monocultures and improvements in farm equipment. Although many of these changes have provided economic benefits, there have been trade-offs. For instance, traditional edge and fence row habitats and other types of early-successional vegetation (such as shrubs, grasses, annual weeds and forbs) that were once a common sight around many fields (Figure 1) have been eliminated or the quality significantly reduced on many farms (Figure 2). This type of vegetation provides food and cover for many species of wildlife and is an important habitat component for the survival of bird species such as bobwhite quail. Many species of wildlife have adapted to "edge" habitats, which are created at the interface of two or more plant communities, such as the transitional zone between a woodland and crop field or pasture."--First page.Revised by: Robert A. Pierce (Associate Professor, Fisheries and Wildlife Extension), Ryan Milhollin (State Specialist, Agricultural Business and Policy Extension)New 11/08; Revised 10/2

Landowners' guide to lease hunting in Missouri

"This guide was reviewed and edited by R. Caleb Colbert, Lawyer, Haden and Colbert.""Original authors: Robert A. Pierce II, Kevin C. Moore and Stephen F. Matthews.""The information in this guide has been developed to help interested landowners make informed decisions about lease hunting as a potential income-generating opportunity. Many landowners are interested in managing wildlife on their property but cannot justify the expense unless a financial return is achieved. Hunters can provide this supplemental income and often can supply motivation, labor, equipment and materials. Depending on land management objectives, development of a hunting lease enterprise offers many landowners the opportunity to supplement their income while enhancing wildlife habitat on their property."--First page.Revised by: Robert A. Pierce II (Associate Professor, Fisheries and Wildlife Extension), Ryan Milhollin (State Specialist, Agricultural Business and Policy Extension)New 01/97; Revised 9/20Includes bibliographical reference

The effectiveness of bilateral versus unilateral task retraining using the SaeboFlex device in individuals with subacute and chronic stroke [abstract]

This study compares the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral task retraining using the SaeboFlex orthosis in individuals with upper extremity (UE) dysfunction following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). While individually, bilateral task training and the SaeboFlex orthosis used unilaterally appear to be effective in increasing UE function after stroke, no research has been done to date to determine whether bilateral training using the SaeboFlex is more effective than unilateral training

Extent of the Muscatine Series in Muscatine County, Iowa

The morphology of the profiles of 35 randomly selected sites in Muscatine County, Iowa, was studied. None of these sites qualified as type locations for the Muscatine series, based on current concepts and definitions of this series. Originally established in Muscatine County in 1916, 38.2 per cent of the soils of the county were classified in this series. Now, Muscatine County seems to be no longer a suitable type location for the Muscatine series

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Utilized for Control of Stable Flies (Stomoxys Calcitrans) at Round Bale Feeding Sites

The stable fly is one of the most important livestock pests in the United States. The flies inhabit feedlots, high density livestock enclosures, dairies and hay bale feeding sites in cattle pastures. Accumulated organic materials provide excellent habitat for the stable fly to develop and complete their life cycle. The impact of the fly on the livestock, particularly cattle, causes problems for producers. A method of biological control with entomopathogenic nematodes was tested against first, second and third larval instars of the stable fly. Four distinct treatment groups were chosen on the basis of susceptibility trials. They were two single EPN genera treatments and two combined EPN genera treatments. The single genera treatments were designated as 0:1 S:H and 1:0 S:H. The combined EPN genera treatments included 1:2 S:H and 2:1 S:H. The S:H ratios refer to composition of Steinernema spp.(S) to Heterohabditis spp. (H). In all lab trials the combined EPN genera treatments increased stable fly mortality when compared to the single genera EPN treatments. Finally the information collected in the lab was administered in field trials at 8 round hay bale feeding sites in north-central Oklahoma. Based on these trials EPN treated trap site showed stable fly adult emergence to be lower in comparison to control trap sites at the same feeding sites. EPN are naturally occurring throughout the U.S. and can be administered in the field with conventional methods of spraying. Results from the trials illustrate that while control from EPN cannot compare to commercially available insecticides for stable fly mortality these naturally occurring EPN can provide background suppression that could potentially be incorporated into a sound IPM program.Department of Plant and Soil Science

Establishing and managing cover crops in Missouri for wildlife and pollinator benefits (2022)

"Acknowledgement: Portions of this publication have been adapted from these resources developed by Joe LaRose and Rob Myers with the USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) Program at the University of Missouri. Photo credits: Missouri Department of Conservation, Robert Pierce, Tim Reinbott."--Page 6."Cover crops can be established for a variety of agronomic benefits. These include preventing soil erosion, providing weed suppression, and improving soil health, potentially increasing yields for crops such as corn and soybeans that may be planted in a crop rotation system. Cover crops can be used with most agriculture production systems, including double-crop systems or used as a livestock forage."--Page 1.Written by Robert A. Pierce II, (Associate Extension Professor and State Wildlife Specialist), Tim Reinbott, (Director of Field Operations, MU South Farm and Research Center), Terryl Woods, (Research Specialist, Division of Plant Sciences and Technology), Charlie Ellis, (MU Extension Field Specialist, Agricultural Engineering), Ryan Milhollin, (Assistant Extension Professor, Agricultural Business and Policy)New 9/2022Includes bibliographical reference