Economic spatial modeling of Eger and Miskolc on maps with different GIS methods

In this study we did the economic spatial modeling of the cities of Eger and Miskolc on maps with different GIS methods. The aim was to produce maps that accurately display the nodes and the operating time interval of companies in different national economic sectors within a given city. The geo-referencing of the available settlement planning maps was necessary for the city of Miskolc. Both GIS and enterprise database building are required to produce the aforementioned results, for which we have used various software and methods

LEADER in Ungarn - Erfahrungen mit bottom-up-Regionalentwicklung in einem post-sozialistischen Kontext

Mit der Erweiterungsrunde 2004 traten acht postsozialistische Länder der Europäischen Union bei, darunter Ungarn. Damit erhielten diese Länder auch die Möglichkeit, die regionalen Förderprogramme für ländliche Räume zu nutzen. Eine besondere Chance und gleichzeitig auch eine Herausforderung bot das LEADER-Programm, weil es den lokalen Akteuren eine besondere Rolle zuweist und damit sehr spezifische Ansätze ländlicher Regionalentwicklung ermöglicht. In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird für Ungarn anhand von Untersuchungen in der nordungarischen Region herausgearbeitet, wie das LEADER-Programm in Ungarn in einer Pilotphase vor dem Beitritt und einer ersten verkürzten Regelphase nach 2004 angewandt wurde. Angesichts der aus der Zeit des Sozialismus ererbten zentralistischen Strukturen war die Übernahme einer auf bottom-up-Ansätze gerichteten Regionalentwicklung nicht einfach. Der Aufsatz verknüpft zwei Zugänge: zunächst eine Darstellung der LEADER-Projekte in der nordungarischen Region und darauf aufbauend dann eine systematische Diskussion der Herausforderungen entlang der sieben LEADER-Prinzipien. Damit wird der Rahmen geschaffen zur Beantwortung der zentralen Fragen des Aufsatzes: Wie kommen die LEADER-Prinzipien in Ungarn zur Geltung bzw. zur Entfaltung und wo gibt es Hindernisse und Schwierigkeiten? Insgesamt zeigen sich Schwierigkeiten mit der Anwendung der LEADER-Prinzipien, die ihre Ursachen vor allem in zentra- listischen Verwaltungsstrukturen, geringem Vertrauen der höheren Behörden in die lokalen Akteure und in mangelnder Erfahrung mit einer bottom-up-Regionalentwicklung in den LEADER-Regionen hatten. Hinzu kamen die verkürzten Programmphasen, begrenzte Fördermittel und Ko-Finanzierungen sowie eine mangelnde territoriale Kontinuität in den Programmphasen. Insofern blieben die Erfolge vor Ort begrenzt. Positiv sind die erfolgten Lernschritte mit endogener Regionalentwicklung zu sehen, während die Projekte zu klein, zu kurz oder zu unbeständig waren, um einen dauerhaften Mehrwert für die geförderten Regionen zu erbringen.With the round of expansion in 2004, eight post-socialist countries joined the European Union, including Hungary. In this way these countries also gained the opportunity to use the regional sponsorship programs for their rural areas. One particular opportunity, and at the same time a challenge, was offered by the LEADER program, as it assigns the local actors a particular role and hence makes possible very specific approaches of regional rural development. In this essay it is worked out with respect to Hungary, with reference to investigations in the North Hungarian region, how the LEADER program in Hungary was implemented in a pilot phase before the accession and in a first shortened regular phase after 2004. In view of the centralist structures inherited from the Soviet era, it was not easy for regional development based on bottom-up approaches to be accepted. The essay combines two approaches: first a depiction of the LEADER projects in the North Hungarian region, and building upon this a systematic discussion of the challenges following the seven LEADER principles. In this way the basis is provided in order to answer the central questions of the essay: how are the LEADER principles brought to bear and developed in Hungary, and where are there obstacles and difficulties? Overall, the difficulties emerging with the implementation of the LEADER principles were primarily due to the centralist administration structures, the higher authorities’ low level of trust in the local actors, and the lack of experience with a bottom-up regional development in the LEADER regions. Additional factors were the shortened program phases, limited sponsorship resources and co-financing, and a lack of territorial continuity in the program phases. Hence the on-site success- es were limited. The learning steps taken are to be seen positively, while the projects were too small, too short or too unstable to bring lasting added value for the regions sponsored

The background of local food-based economy development in the Eger wine region

This study reveals the background situation of local food-based economy in the Eger Wine Region. Local food economy is mostly in initial phase in the region because of small scale supply, barely known local food producers and their supply, weak connections between producers and representation of interests, or major labour issues. Despite all these there are advantageous economic environment for development local food-based economy in the area, because the critical mass of producers is still active in the region and consumer’s demand is significant. Tourism provides standing demand for local goods as well. A comprehensive development of market infrastructure would increase the existence of these unique economic entities

Economic spatial modeling of Eger and Miskolc on maps with different GIS methods

In this study we did the economic spatial modeling of the cities of Eger and Miskolc on maps with different GIS methods. The aim was to produce maps that accurately display the nodes and the operating time interval of companies in different national economic sectors within a given city. The geo-referencing of the available settlement planning maps was necessary for the city of Miskolc. Both GIS and enterprise database building are required to produce the aforementioned results, for which we have used various software and methods

The background of local food-based economy development in the Eger wine region

This study reveals the background situation of local food-based economy in the Eger Wine Region. Local food economy is mostly in initial phase in the region because of small scale supply, barely known local food producers and their supply, weak connections between producers and representation of interests, or major labour issues. Despite all these there are advantageous economic environment for development local food-based economy in the area, because the critical mass of producers is still active in the region and consumer’s demand is significant. Tourism provides standing demand for local goods as well. A comprehensive development of market infrastructure would increase the existence of these unique economic entities

Survey of Consumers Responsiveness to Small-Scale Producers Marketing in the Northern Hungary Region

The purpose of our study is to survey the marketing issues of small-scale food production and short supply chains (SSCs) from the consumers’ aspects, and to give insight into the effectiveness and potential of SSC marketing. The paper presents the result of a wide online consumer survey with the participation of more than 1000 consumers, mostly from the Northern Hungary region. According to our experiences, the most effective „marketing instrument” was the personal contact with producers, communication with relatives, and acquaintances. One-third part of our sample could be motivated by (this kind of) marketing and had more willingness to pay for small-producers’ goods