How does training of the working memory effect the memory performance in young people?

One of the quality indicators of the medical education is a good study performance, which is very much influenced by the capacity of the working memory. Recent studies have reported that working memory can be improved by training. In this study, we were looking for association between the training of the working memory and its performance in healthy students at Kazakh National Medical University. A total of 676 students participated: 346 in study group and 346 – in control. Reading span test (RST) was used for working memory training and Dual N-back test was used for measurement of results. According to the results obtained, one-and-a-half-month RST training of the memory (RAM) statistically significantly increases the amount of the working memory on average by 12.3 %: min on 9.9 %; max on 15.5 % (р<0.001). Тhe present study examined the relationship of the working memory training and increase in its level in healthy young adults. Our findings indirectly confirm that training not only increases the level of the working memory, but also stimulates other cognitive functions: improving auditory and spatial memory in parallel to the visual one

Управління міжнародним бізнесом: Agility Journey для високотехнологічних компаній

The purpose of the article is the development of recommendations for the business maturity determination and measurement in the implementation of the agile approach for high-tech companies. Methods of analysis of documents, observation, personal and in-depth interviews, case studies have been used in the research. The findings of the research: Business Agility Journey has been suggested for defining the state of the maturity of the company and conducting express diagnostics of agility. Agile Project Management Journey has been developed for the identification of weaknesses by the companies in the path to agility, as well as for the determination of events for the transition from the traditional to the agile approach. Personal Agility Checklist has been designed for testing the soft skills of employees for the presence of the agile mindset. Research limitations include the study of the maturity of companies in the IT industry. Practical implications are based on the use of suggested Agility Journeys in defining the state of maturity and main problems on the transition path. Also, Personal Agility Checklist will help to check the agility of the future employees. The originality of the article is based on the uniqueness of the Agility Journey that has been developed for the first time. Further research on this topic should be focused on the development of an agile mindset as a prerequisite for the provision of agility in the company.Метою статті є розробка рекомендацій щодо визначення та вимірювання зрілості бізнесу при впровадженні еджайл-підходу для високотехнологічних компаній. У дослідженні використовуються методи аналізу документів, спостереження, особистого та глибинного інтерв’ю та кейс-стаді. Розроблено Business Agility Journey для визначення стану зрілості компанії та проведення експрес-діагностики еджайльності. Agile Project Management Journey було розроблено для визначення компаніями своїх слабких сторін, а також заходів для переходу від традиційного до еджайльного підходу. Personal Agility Checklist був створений для перевірки «гнучких навичок» (soft skills) співробітників на наявність гнучкого мислення (agile mindset). Обмеження досліджень включають вивчення зрілості компаній ІТ-галузі. Практична значущість ґрунтується на використанні запропонованих Agility Journeys для визначення стану зрілості та основних проблем на шляху переходу. Також Personal Agility Checklist допоможе перевірити еджайльність майбутніх працівників. Оригінальність статті базується на унікальності Agility Journey, яка була розроблена вперше. Подальші дослідження на цю тему доцільно зосередити на розвитку гнучкого мислення як передумови забезпечення еджайльності в компанії

Constructive and destructive role of a symbol as an object of cultural identity in the globalization process

The object of the present study presents problematic processes of globalization and cultural identity. The subject of study is the symbol as an object of cultural identity within the framework of the transformation of value-semantic sphere of the person under the influence of globalization. The author examines such aspect as the problem of "Westernization" of cultural property in Russia, which entails a correlation of values of the individual in accordance with the axiological and symbolic forms that are postulated by modern media. The author pays attention to the fact that in order to preserve the cultural identity and unity of Russian the society should pay attention to the processes of globalization, which have a certain set of templates and stamps, symbolic series and images that manipulate a person at a subconscious level, investing in the ideological structure of human specific patterns of behavior and thinking. The goal of the study is to analyze the symbol as an object of cultural identity in the globalization processes

Transkriptionelle Regulation der Spezifikation von Kleinhirnneuronen

The cerebellum regulates motor coordination and is involved in non-motor functions, such cognition and social behavior. The cerebellum is composed by excitatory and inhibitory neurons, originating from Ptf1a expressing ventricular zone and the Atoh1 expressing rhombic lip, respectively. During my studies, I focused on the development ventricular zone derivatives, Purkinje cells and inhibitory interneurons, which are generated between embryonic day 11 to birth in mice. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the specification of these two distinct neuronal populations remain to be identified. In this thesis, I will present data that identify the transcription factor Olig3 as a major regulator in the development of early born cerebellar neurons. In the rhombic lip, Olig3 regulates cell proliferation, whereas in the ventricular zone this factor secures the specification of Purkinje cells, by suppressing a differentiation program characteristic of inhibitory interneurons. Furthermore, I will show the transcription factors Olig2 and Neurod6 regulate also distinct aspects of cerebellar GABAergic neuron development. Olig2 has a complementary function to Olig3, but it has more limited function, whereas Neurod6 is key in specification of inhibitory interneurons. Taking together, these data demonstrate key players in the transcriptional regulation that regulates cerebellar development. Most of the results presented in this dissertation have been recently published in eLife (2021, 10:e64684)Das Kleinhirn reguliert die motorische Koordination von Wirbeltieren und ist darüber hinaus bei Funktionen wie Kognition und Sozialverhalten beteiligt. Es besteht aus erregenden und hemmenden Neuronen, die in der Ptf1a-exprimierenden ventrikulären Zone und den Atoh1-exprimierenden Rautenlippen gebildet werden. Während meines Studiums konzentrierte ich mich auf die Entwicklung von Derivaten der ventrikulären Zone: Purkinje-Zellen und hemmende Interneurone, die bei Mäusen zwischen dem embryonalen Tag 11 bis zur Geburt erzeugt werden. Die molekularen Mechanismen, die die Spezifikation dieser zwei unterschiedlichen neuronalen Populationen steuern, sind jedoch noch nicht aufgeklärt. In dieser Arbeit werde ich Daten präsentieren, die den Transkriptionsfaktor Olig3 als wichtigen Regulator bei der Entwicklung von frühstadlichen Kleinhirnneuronen identifizieren. Im Bereich der Rautenlippen regelt Olig3 die Zellproliferation, wohingegen in der ventrikulären Zone dieser Faktor die Spezifikation der Purkinje-Zellen sicherstellt, indem eine Charakteristik im Differenzierungsprogramm inhibitorischer Interneurone unterdrückt wird. Darüber hinaus zeige ich, dass die Transkriptionsfaktoren Olig2 sowie Neurod6 auch verschiedene Aspekte der GABAergen Neuronenentwicklung im Kleinhirn regulieren. Der Faktor Olig2 hat eine komplementäre, jedoch eingeschränkte, Funktion gegenüber Olig3, während Neurod6 bei der Spezifizierung von inhibitorischen Interneuronen eine Schlüsselrolle spielt. Zusammengenommen identifizieren diese Daten molekulare Schlüsselakteure in der Transkriptionsregulation, welche die Entwicklung des Kleinhirns steuert. Die meisten der in dieser Dissertation präsentierten Ergebnisse wurden kürzlich in Fachjournal eLife (2021, 10:e64684) veröffentlicht

The Fractal Analysis of the Images and Signals in Medical Diagnostics

In the present chapter, we summarize our results concerning fractal analysis of some medical data. The aim of this study is to identify the inherent human body “chaotic” dynamics and insufficient disclosure of the physical essence of the processes observed, depending on the extent of developing a pathology that is characterized by a decrease or increase in the degree of complexity and as a consequence—randomness, for which, in some cases, hidden fractal. The proposed approach based on identifying the presence of the properties of self‐similarity can be useful in preliminary clinical trials for the diagnosis of cancerous epithelial diseases, blood, and liver in the initial stage, the analysis of digital images, the structure of correlations biomedical parameters, as well as in the study of pathologies of the central nervous system—the neurological, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, and may be the basis for the development of the interface “brain‐computer”, on the basis of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. Additional measures are proposed to study the presence of self‐similar properties in the form of self‐similarity and magnitude SRGB ratio (area of a triangle in the coordinate system of the properties)

Law enforcement slang

The theses consider the use of informal language (slang) by certain social groups of people (the police). The popularity of the use of slang terms, idioms, abbreviations which sometimes have an offensive connotation has been determined. It is confirmed that slang determines the experience of generational culture and allows groups of people to communicate and understand each other

Role of c-miR-21, c-miR-126, Redox Status, and Inflammatory Conditions as Potential Predictors of Vascular Damage in T2DM Patients

The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vascular complications (VCs) is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation and can result in endothelial dysfunctions. Circulating microRNAs play an important role in epigenetic regulation of the etiology of T2DM. We studied 30 healthy volunteers, 26 T2DM patients with no complications, and 26 T2DM patients with VCs, to look for new biomarkers indicating a risk of developing VCs in T2DM patients. Peripheral blood samples were used to determine redox state, by measuring the endogenous antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GRd; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6DP) and markers of oxidative damage (advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP; lipid peroxidation, LPO). Additionally, inflammatory marker levels (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF- ), c-miR-21, and c-miR-126 expression were analyzed. T2DM patients showed the highest oxidative damage with increased GSSG/GSH ratios, LPO, and AOPP levels. In both diabetic groups, we found that diminished SOD activity was accompanied by increased CAT and decreased GRd and G6PD activities. Diabetic patients presented with increased relative expression of c-miR-21 and decreased relative expression of c-miR-126. Overall, c-miR-21, SOD, CAT, and IL-6 had high predictive values for diabetes diagnoses. Finally, our data demonstrated that IL-6 exhibited predictive value for VC development in the studied population. Moreover, c-miR- 21 and c-miR-126, along with GPx and AOPP levels, should be considered possible markers for VC development in future studies.University of GranadaEugenio Rodriguez Pascual Foundation ERP-2021CIBERfes (ISCIII, Spain) CB16-10-0023

The Maritime Charter of 1720: Functional-and-Communicative Conditionality of Language Means

The article focuses on the study of the language of the Maritime Charter of 1720 that was one of the key legislative acts, which enabled the development and consolidation of the new methods of combining heterogeneous linguistic means. The applied methods aimed at implementation of certain communicative tasks. The correlation between the variety of language means and techniques with argumentativeness, imperativeness and impact of the text has been proved. The research touches upon the issues of special vocabulary and the ways of including it in the language of the Charter. The proposed methods of interpreting new terms range from synonymous substitutions to encyclopedic definitions. The tendency to functional differentiation of the means of expressing imperativeness and the modality of duty in particular has been revealed. Western European legal documentation tradition is noted to have influenced the formation of the wide range of modal means. However, the Russian legislators tried to take into account the pragmatic needs of official business communication and the semantic and stylistic potential of competing lexical modifiers of modality. The research has resulted in the discovery of the peculiarity, which acquired the linguistic explication in the text of the Charter. Namely, it is the conceptually important attitude of legislators not only to the external side of performing the duties and enforcing the order, but also its internal motivation based on the moral foundation

Information coding of exciting laser pulses in an optical echo-processor

We report the possibility of controlling the distribution of quantum bits within an inhomogeneously broadened line of a resonant transition in recording and transforming information in optical echo-processors. We consider the efficiency of realisation of the elementary logic XOR gate based on a two-pulse excitation of a resonant medium with phase memory. The encoded information is incorporated into the temporal shape of laser pulses in the form of amplitude modulation of an 'echelon' of present ('1') and absent ('0') pulse-codes for obtaining more efficient logic elements that reduce the noise in a quantum communication channel. © 2013 Kvantovaya Elektronika and Turpion Ltd

Review Insights into the Role of Plasmatic and Exosomal microRNAs in Oxidative Stress-Related Metabolic Diseases

A common denominator of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes Mellitus, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, are elevated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. These complex, multi-factorial diseases are caused by the detrimental interaction between the individual genetic background and multiple environmental stimuli. The cells, including the endothelial ones, acquire a preactivated phenotype and metabolic memory, exhibiting increased oxidative stress, inflammatory gene expression, endothelial vascular activation, and prothrombotic events, leading to vascular complications. There are different pathways involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, and increased knowledge suggests a role of the activation of the NF-kB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome as key mediators of metabolic inflammation. Epigenetic-wide associated studies provide new insight into the role of microRNAs in the phenomenon of metabolic memory and the development consequences of vessel damage. In this review, we will focus on the microRNAs related to the control of anti-oxidative enzymes, as well as microRNAs related to the control of mitochondrial functions and inflammation. The objective is the search for new therapeutic targets to improve the functioning of mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, despite the acquired metabolic memoryCIBER-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-(CB16/10/00238Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónGrant of the FUNDACIÓN EUGENIO RODRIGUEZ PASCUAL (ERP-2021),Call 2021, Spai