The theses consider the use of informal language (slang) by certain social groups of people (the police). The popularity of the use of slang terms, idioms, abbreviations which sometimes have an offensive connotation has been determined. It is confirmed that slang determines the experience of generational culture and allows groups of people to communicate and understand each other

Rusanova, Liubov I.

Sazanova, Larysa S.

English

Kharkov National University of Internal Affairs Institutional Repository (KhNUIAIR)

 341 СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ 1. Guidelines for Aviation English Training Programmes CIR 323. URL: https://www.icao.int/safety/lpr/Pages/Documents-and-Manuals.aspx  2. Language Testing Criteria for Global Harmonization CIR 318. URL: https://www.ealts.com/documents/ICAO%20Cir%20318-AN180 % 20 Global%20Harmonisation%20Testing%20Criteria%202008%20.pdf  3. Manual on the Implementation of ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements DOC 9835. URL: https: //www .icao .int /safety /lpr /Pages /Documents-and-Manuals.aspx 4. STANAG 6001. URL: http://www.stanag6001.com/languages/ LAW ENFORCEMENT SLANG Larysa Sazanova, Liubov Rusanova (Kharkiv, Ukraine) “Slang is very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written, used especially by particular groups of people” [1]. Slang is popular among the people who belong to the same social group. Slang terms belong to specific words and meanings, but they can also be expressions and idioms which sometimes may be offensive. They often refer to a particular area, region and shows the development of language.  Slang identifies generation’s culture experience and allows groups of people to communicate and understand each other. The citizens of specific areas (subgroups with majority cultures) understand slang terms. Slang words give more passion to everyday life, and they are used by poets, authors, policemen, soldiers, sailors, musicians, criminals, etc. Literature, history, art, advertisements abound in slangs that vary from country to country and from region to region. Slangs can be either worldwide or local. Police officers use a great number of slangs, acronyms, abbreviations and special codes to give brief rapid description of the persons, location, items of property, and situations in spoken and written communication. It is important for citizens to know terms used by officers and dispatchers to understand calls for services.  There are many slang nicknames used by the law enforcers around the world. Some of them are funny, flattering or amusing while others may be impolite or gratuitous. Police services have their own internal slang.  A policeman is called “Bill” or “Old Bill”. It was the title of a television police series in the UK, based in a fictional London borough.  The term “barney” is used to describe a clumsy, stumble, overexcited policeman often of lower rank.  It is based on the fictional character Barney Fife in the popular American television series. A nickname for a British policeman “bobby” appeared in the 19th century, after the founder of the British Metropolitan Police Force Sir Robert Peel. Another story says that the cops were paid a "bob" for their weekly service (“a bob” was slang for a shilling).  342 The first bobbies having warrants number one and two were William Atkinson and William Alcock. They were fired for being drunk on the first and second day of the police existence.   "Beak runner” stands for a policeman who was running down, or finding information about criminals. By the end of the 19th century the expression was outdated. The "bus" refers to the ambulance. This word is used especially in New York City when a cop wishes an ambulance to arrive as fast as possible because a person's life is in danger and the situation is life-threatening, for example the sentence “Put a rush on the bus". The slang “cop” comes from the 18th century. Policemen were wearing copper badges, and due to that people probably called them "coppers". Several years later Americans shortened this word and policemen were named "cops". There is one more suggestion that the term meant “to seize” as police job was to arrest people.  It was in the 1960s in Hawaii when television network produced police drama “Five-O” and in such a way introduced a slang term for cops. It is still commonly used today to warn drivers of speed police traps by saying, "Watch out for five-O.”  The word “fuzz” was used for police officers in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. There are a lot of stories about the origin of this term. Some people think it comes from England where fuzzy hats were worn by police officers. Others suppose that the slang is connected with police academy graduates’ short fuzzy haircuts. There is one more belief: it is the abbreviation of “the force” as policemen are members of the police force.    The slang “gumshoe” referred to the detectives who were sneaking around quietly to search for evidence. They operated softly and secretly while trying to find out what happened at a crime scene. In the 19th century, the soles of the shoes had gum rubber in order not to make much noise when walking.   The word “man” as slang was used in the 1960s and 1970s when the police and the representatives of the power wanted to suppress the activities.  Slang "nicker” means a policeman who makes an arrest of a suspect. The local constables in Ontario are nicknamed PC. It may be an abbreviation of the “provincial constables.” The word “pig” has been used as a derogatory term toward people. In civil unrest in the United States (1960s and 1970s) rioters and those who sought to speak out against the establishment started to use the term in reference to law enforcement personnel who wanted to keep order. It became a popular nickname for police officers. Dictionary of Slang published in London in 1811 documented this slang. This term is used in many countries, often in a similar context. It’s typically used to express displeasure at the enforcement tactics. “The pigs frisked my panney, and nailed my screws.” It means: “The officers searched my house, and seized my picklocks (jimmies).”  343 The term “popo”, sometimes written as po-po, is slang for law enforcement personnel. It is said to have originated in the United States in the mid-1990s as street terminology. Some say it is an abbreviation of the word police (po) or an acronym for police officers (PO).  This slang is considered negative and rude. In Canada (Ontario) the local gendarmes are called “the O Po Po”. “Rozz” means the “police" in the sentence “They should recruit more West Indians into the rozz”. The nickname “Smokey the Bear” for law enforcement officers emerged long before the movie “Smokey and the Bandit” was filmed and it had nothing to do with its origin. Band radios were used to warn the drivers of a police speed trap. State troopers wore the hats like popular fictional Smokey Bear had.  Britain and the United States are not the only countries with nicknames for law enforcers. Canada uses slangs referring to the police too. “Gravel Road Cops” are officers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. There is reference that the mounted police patrol forests, mountains and rural areas away from cities.  The more commonly known nickname for a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is a mountie. Of course, it refers to the fact that these officers patrol on horseback. For example, “The mountie didn't get his man and I'm going to find out why”. Sam Browne is the utility belt named after its inventor General Sam Browne who wore a second belt over his right shoulder as he had lost his left arm and it was difficult for him to draw his sword.  “A cannon-shooter” meant a detective who looked for pickpockets. A slang “elephant ears” is a policeman who listens hard very often, for a long time and as a result his ears grow to enormous size. Language is a complex dynamic phenomenon that changes and develops with time and slangs are of great importance for its learning. If people want to communicate with native speakers confidently, they need to master slangs.    REFERENCES 1. URL: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ru/словарь/английский/slang 2. URL: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_police-related_s 3. URL: https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/slang/some-slang-words-for-police.html ONLINE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRACTISING THE PROFESSIONAL VOCABULARY IN THE ESP CLASSROOM  Valentyna Rybiak (Kharkiv, Ukraine) Anastasiia Koval (Kharkiv, Ukraine) Growing demands for the quality of modern education and the flexibility of labour market have resulted in the necessity of using the foreign language for solving professional issues. Therefore, the objective of ESP teaching is to form “the foreign language professional competence”, the core component of 

Law enforcement slang

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Law enforcement slang

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