Investigation of air solubility in jet A fuel at high pressures

The solubility and density properties of saturated mixtures of fuels and gases were measured. The fuels consisted of Jet A and dodecane, the gases were air and nitrogen. The test range included pressures of 1.03 to 10.34 MPa and temperatures of 298 to 373 K. The results were correlated successfully, using the Soave equation of state. Over this test range, dissolved gas concentrations were roughly proportional to pressure and increased slightly with increasing temperature. Mixture density was relatively independent of dissolved gas concentration

Deutschsprachige und bilinguale Studiengänge : eine Chance für Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Russland

Der Bericht der Ständigen Arbeitsgruppe Deutsch als Fremdsprache (2006) für das Jahr 2005 zeigt, dass Russland, trotz eines Rückgangs der Lernerzahlen, immer noch das Land mit den meisten Deutschlernern (mehr als 3,3 Millionen) und mit dem größten Deutschlernangebot an den Schulen und den Universitäten (ca. 1000 Hochschulen) ist. Bei einer Umfrage unter 1025 Personen in den Städten Jakutsk, Kaliningrad, Moskau, Saratov und St. Petersburg waren 100 % der Befragten der Meinung, dass Englisch für die beruflichen Aussichten die wichtigste Sprache sei, aber 89 % schätzten die Kenntnis des Deutschen für ebenso wichtig ein und 95 % waren sogar der Meinung, dass durch ein sehr gutes Erlernen der deutschen Sprache im bilingualen Unterricht an Schulen sich die Berufschancen der Lerner erheblich verbessern (vgl. Baur 2005)

The valuation of an exploration project having inferred resources

Abstract: Mineral Asset valuation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves as the single fundamental asset for a mining company, according to the SAMVAL Code, CIMVAL Code or the VALMIN code, can be carried out using three valuation approaches, namely; the Cash Flow (Income) Approach, Market Approach, and Cost Approach. Under the 2009 SAMVAL Code the Market and Cost approaches are viewed as the preferred approaches to the valuation of Exploration Properties with mainly only Inferred Mineral Resources, with the Cash Flow Approach ’not generally used’. The updated 2016 SAMVAL Code has split Exploration Properties into two categories; early stage and advanced stage Exploration Properties. For both stages of Exploration Properties the Market and Cost Approach is ‘widely used’, while the Income Approach is ’not generally used’ for early stage Exploration Properties and ’less widely used’ for advanced stage Exploration Properties. In both versions of the SAMVAL Code the Income Approach is the least preferred method for valuations of exploration projects, with only Mineral Resources and without any credible studies to assess the technical and economic viability. Under the 2016 SAMVAL Code, an advanced Exploration Property is defined as a project that has undertaken considerable exploration and a Mineral Resource estimate has been defined and a Scoping Study has been applied to determine whether there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. This paper looks at the valuation of early Exploration Properties, especially those with mainly Inferred Mineral Resources, with particular attention on the use of the Income Approach. It will discuss circumstances where Inferred Mineral Resources could be or should not be valued using in the Income Approach-based valuation methodologies

Wie kommen wir an die Bilder in unseren Köpfen? Zur Methodologie einer interkulturell anwendbaren Stereotypenerhebung

SI.DE is an international research project at the University of Duisburg-Essen, which examines German, Russian, Turkish and Chinese auto- and heterostereotypes. Questioning for the study is made online and consists of two surveys; one survey based on stereotypes and a second based on the perception of each other’s foreign language. The questionnaire on stereotypes contains 140 attributes in total, while the respondents can select all of them without any limitation. The choice of these attributes is based on previous investigations, where methodologically formative surveys within the field of stereotype research had been compared with each other. Therefore, it is of high importance to take account of the transferability of the attributes to other languages, without any loss of crop-specific connotations. After the first phase of the study, the items on the attribute list have proved valuable. The construction of the questionnaire and the selected items are described in the following. Moreover, the perception in each other’s language is being researched on the basis of polarity profiles

Transmission dynamics and prospects for the elimination of canine rabies

Rabies has been eliminated from domestic dog populations in Western Europe and North America, but continues to kill many thousands of people throughout Africa and Asia every year. A quantitative understanding of transmission dynamics in domestic dog populations provides critical information to assess whether global elimination of canine rabies is possible. We report extensive observations of individual rabid animals in Tanzania and generate a uniquely detailed analysis of transmission biology, which explains important epidemiological features, including the level of variation in epidemic trajectories. We found that the basic reproductive number for rabies, R<sub>0</sub>, is very low in our study area in rural Africa (∼1.2) and throughout its historic global range (<2). This finding provides strong support for the feasibility of controlling endemic canine rabies by vaccination, even near wildlife areas with large wild carnivore populations. However, we show that rapid turnover of domestic dog populations has been a major obstacle to successful control in developing countries, thus regular pulse vaccinations will be required to maintain population-level immunity between campaigns. Nonetheless our analyses suggest that with sustained, international commitment, global elimination of rabies from domestic dog populations, the most dangerous vector to humans, is a realistic goal

Impact of Gene-Gender Effects of Adrenergic Polymorphisms on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Depressed Patients

Objective: There is overwhelming evidence that activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system plays a major role in depression and cardiovascular disease in genetically susceptible individuals. We hypothesized that due to the multiple interactions between the sympathetic and the HPA systems via adrenoceptors, polymorphisms in these genes could have an impact on HPA axis activity in major depression. Methods: Using the dexamethasone/corticotrophin-releasing hormone (DEX/CRH) test, we investigated the association of alpha 2-adrenoceptor (ADRA2A -1291C -> G) and the beta 2-adrenoceptor gene (ADRB2 Arg16Gly) in 189 patients with major depression during the acute state of the disease and after remission. Results: Male ADRA2A -1291G allele homozygotes showed significant pretreatment HPA axis hyperactivity, with increased adrenocorticotropin (ACTH; F = 4.9, d.f. = 2, p = 0.009) and cortisol responses (F = 6.4, d.f. = 2, p = 0.003). In contrast, female ADRB2 Arg/Arg homozygotes had increased pretreatment ACTH (F = 7.17, d.f. = 2, p = 0.001) and cortisol (F = 8.95, d.f. = 2, p = 0.000) levels. Interestingly, in the respective genotypes, the stress hormones remained elevated in the second DEX/CRH test, despite a reduction in depressive symptoms. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that, depending on gender and polymorphisms, there is continuous HPA axis overdrive in a proportion of patients irrespective of the status of depression. Considering the importance of stress hormones for cardiovascular disorders, our data might suggest that these patients are at high risk of comorbidity between depression and cardiovascular disorders. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Base