Environmental law and policy in Cameroon - Towards making Africa the tree of life | Droit et politique de l'environnement au Cameroun - Afin de faire de l'Afrique l'arbre de vie

Cameroon - formerly a German colony situated at the Gulf of Guinea - is a geostrategically relevant Central African country rich in natural resources. Cameroonian law is a fascination stemming from different sources of law. The influences of British and French law, combined with the customary law of the numerous ethnic groups, are a reflection of the existing legal pluralism - also in the area of environmental protection. The publication adapts itself to today's language policy of Cameroon, which is predetermined by its Constitution, including both English and French chapters. Cameroonian environmental law and national environmental policy are examined in the interplay of international environmental norms and standards. It also addresses the environmental law of the African Union and that of the regional economic communities in Central Africa. In detail, topics such as environmental management, water and land law, conservation of biodiversity, resource protection law, mining and energy law, criminal aspects of environmental law, climate change law, environmental justice and human rights, as well as the legal framework conditions of international trade and sustainable development are presented. In doing so, the publication reflects legal and political options for regulating environmental interests in the African context, which are also relevant for international development cooperation and economic exchange. In addition, the work provides a solid basis for comparative environmental law

Perspectives on energy security and renewable energies in Sub-Saharan Africa - Practical opportunities and regulatory challenges

Second Revised and Expanded Editio

Law | Environment | Africa

Law | Environment | Africa compiles the proceedings of the 5th Symposium and the 4th Scientific Conference of the Association of Environmental Law Lecturers from African Universities (ASSELLAU) in cooperation with the Climate Policy and Energy Security Programme for Sub-Saharan Africa run by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The boo

Intersections of law and cooperative global climate governance challenges in the anthropocene

Inaugural lecture delivered on 19 March 2013Oliver C. Ruppel joined the Department of Mercantile Law, Stellenbosch University (SU) as professor in January 2011. Until then he held one of the 14 prestigious Chairs in the Academic Programme of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), Geneva (Switzerland), which he established at the Faculty of Law, University of Namibia in 2009. Prior to this, in 2007, he was appointed to serve as Director of the Human Rights and Documentation Centre, a national institute established by statute under the Namibian Ministry of Justice and the University of Namibia. As the author of seven books, numerous articles in international journals and other academic writings his research focuses on international law and diplomacy, with a particular focus on world trade law, regional integration policy, sustainable development law and environmental law. At SU he is in charge of the LLM modules on aspects of environmental law and legal aspects of world and regional trade. He also lectures as a Professor Extraordinaire at various institutions in Africa and around the world. At present he also serves as AR5 Coordinating Lead Author (CLA) for the Chapter on Africa in the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Working Group II. Oliver obtained his undergraduate law degree after studies at the Universities of Lausanne (Switzerland) and Munich (Germany) where he also completed his training as legal practitioner (Freiherr von Schuckmann Attorneys). He holds an LLM (Stell), MM (Hagen), LLD (CU) and a PG Dip Int. Human Rights Law (Finland). He is an International Arbitrator (FA Arb) with the Association of Arbitrators of Southern Africa and a Commercial Mediator (SCCM) with the Swiss Chamber for Commercial Mediation, Zurich (Switzerland). He is a member of the United Nations Environmental Programme’s (UNEP) Association of University Lecturers, Nairobi (Kenya); the IUCN Academy of Environmental Law, Ottawa (Canada); the Administrative Law Reform Commission, Ministry of Justice, Windhoek (Namibia); the editorial board of NIELS Journal of Environmental Law, Lagos (Nigeria); the editorial board of Legal Perspectives on Global Challenges Series, The Hague (Netherlands); the editorial board of Law and Constitution in Africa, NOMOS (Germany); the Swiss (SSDI) and the South African (SABILA) Branches of the Association for International Law. He is married to Dr Katharina Ruppel-Schlichting, who is also a lawyer by profession. They have two daughters, Franziska Freyja Nicolette (10) and Sophia Emma Antoinette (5)

Climate Change: International Law and Global Governance

The two-volume publication is one of the first attempts to systematically address both international climate change law and global climate change governance. It deals with international law and the multiple regulatory regimes reflecting fragmentation in the absence of a universal climate change regime. International climate change law, global climate governance and diplomacy are interrelated and extremely complex: The publications explore these areas from a variety of doctrinal, transdisciplinary and thematic perspectives

Characterization of Porphyrin-Co(III)-'Nitrene Radical' Species Relevant in Catalytic Nitrene Transfer Reactions

To fully characterize the Co-III-'nitrene radical' species that are proposed as intermediates in nitrene transfer reactions mediated by cobalt(II) porphyrins, different combinations of cobalt(II) complexes of porphyrins and nitrene transfer reagents were combined, and the generated species were studied using EPR, UV-vis, IR, VCD, UHR-ESI-MS, and XANES/XAFS measurements. Reactions of cobalt(II) porphyrins 1(P1) (P1 = meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP)) and 1(P2) (P2 = 3,5-Di(t)Bu-ChenPhyrin) with organic azides 2(Ns) (NsN(3)), 2(Ts) (TsN3), and 2(Troc) (TrocN(3)) led to the formation of mono-nitrene species 3(Ns)(P1), 3(Ts)(P2), and 3(Troc)(P2), respectively, which are best described as [Co-III(por)(NR ''(center dot-))] nitrene radicals (imidyl radicals) resulting from single electron transfer from the cobalt(II) porphyrin to the 'nitrene' moiety (Ns: R '' = -SO2-p-C6H5NO2; Ts: R '' = -SO2C6H6; Troc: R '' = -C(O)OCH2CCl3). Remarkably, the reaction of 1(P1) with N-nosyl iminoiodane (PhI=NNs) 4(Ns) led to the formation of a bis-nitrene species 5(Ns)(P1). This species is best described as a triple-radical complex [(por ''(center dot-))Co-III(NR ''(center dot-))(2)] containing three ligand-centered unpaired electrons: two nitrene radicals (NR?(-)) and one oxidized porphyrin radical (por(center dot-)). Thus, the formation of the second nitrene radical involves another intramolecular one-electron transfer to the "nitrene" moiety, but now from the porphyrin ring instead of the metal center. Interestingly, this bis-nitrene species is observed only on reacting 4(Ns) with 1(P1). Reaction of the more bulky 1(P2) with 4(Ns) results again in formation of mainly mono-nitrene species 3(Ns)(P2) according to EPR and ESI-MS spectroscopic studies. The mono- and bis-nitrene species were initially expected to be five- and six-coordinate species, respectively, but XANES data revealed that both mono- and bis-nitrene species are six-coordinate Oh species. The nature of the sixth ligand bound to cobalt(III) in the mono-nitrene case remains elusive, but some plausible candidates are NH3, NH2-, NsNH(-), and OH-; NsNH(-) being the most plausible. Conversion of mono-nitrene species 3(Ns)(P1) into bis-nitrene species 5(Ns)(P1) upon reaction with 4(Ns) was demonstrated. Solutions containing 3(Ns)(P1) and 5(Ns)(P1) proved to be still active in catalytic aziridination of styrene, consistent with their proposed key involvement in nitrene transfer reactions mediated by cobalt(II) porphyrins