18 research outputs found
Energy dense salty food consumption frequency is associated with diastolic hypertension in Spanish children
High blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and sodium consumption is related to high BP. Moreover, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) influence BP. For this reason, we investigated whether: 1) children with risk of elevated BP had a higher consumption frequency (CF) of energy-dense salty foods (EDSF), high-sugary foods (HSF) and SSB or a low DASH score; and 2) children with a higher CF of EDSF showed a worse anthropometric and metabolic profile. Anthropometry, BP and general biochemical parameters were measured in 687 Spanish children (5-16 years) with normal or excess weight. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate EDSF, HSF and SSB consumption, and modified DASH score. Results showed that sex and pubertal stage influenced modified DASH score. Diastolic hypertension was associated to higher CF of EDSF in the whole sample and to higher CF of SSB in pubertal children, both independently of nutritional status. In addition, CF of EDSF was positively associated with CF of HSF and SSB and inversely associated with modified DASH score. Targeted policies and intervention programs, specific for different age ranges, should be established that aim to reduce salt consumption from snacks and processed foods, which could reduce HSF and SSB consumption as well
Evaluation of the Predictive Ability, Environmental Regulation and Pharmacogenetics Utility of a BMI-Predisposing Genetic Risk Score during Childhood and Puberty
The authors would like to thank the Spanish children and parents who participated in
the study.Polygenetic risk scores (pGRSs) consisting of adult body mass index (BMI) genetic
variants have been widely associated with obesity in children populations. The implication of
such obesity pGRSs in the development of cardio-metabolic alterations during childhood as well
as their utility for the clinical prediction of pubertal obesity outcomes has been barely investigated
otherwise. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of an adult BMI predisposing pGRS for the
prediction and pharmacological management of obesity in Spanish children, further investigating
its implication in the appearance of cardio-metabolic alterations. For that purpose, we counted
on genetics data from three well-characterized children populations (composed of 574, 96 and 124
individuals), following both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, expanding childhood and
puberty. As a result, we demonstrated that the pGRS is strongly associated with childhood BMI
Z-Score (B = 1.56, SE = 0.27 and p-value = 1.90 × 10−8
), and that could be used as a good predictor of
obesity longitudinal trajectories during puberty. On the other hand, we showed that the pGRS is not
associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities in children and that certain environmental factors
interact with the genetic predisposition to the disease. Finally, according to the results derived from a
weight-reduction metformin intervention in children with obesity, we discarded the utility of the
pGRS as a pharmacogenetics marker of metformin response.Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS FEDER)
PI1102042
PI1102059
PI1601301
PI1600871Spanish Ministry of Health, Social and Equality, General Department for Pharmacy and Health Products
EC10-243
EC10-056
EC10-281
EC10-227Regional Government of Andalusia ("Plan Andaluz de investigacion, desarrollo e innovacion (2018)")
P18-RT-2248Mapfre Foundation ("Research grants by Ignacio H. de Larramendi 2017")Instituto de Salud Carlos III
IFI17/0004
Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Children: Influence of Puberty and Metabolically Unhealthy Status
Oxidative stress could help explain the relationship between childhood obesity and a
metabolically unhealthy (MU) status. Moreover, puberty could also influence this relationship,
since it entails physiological cardiometabolic changes. We aimed to evaluate plasma antioxidants
and oxidative stress biomarkers in MU and metabolically healthy (MH) prepubertal and pubertal
children and their associations with pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, taking
puberty into account. A total of 1444 Spanish children aged 3–17 years (48.9% males, 66% prepubertal,
47.1% with obesity) were recruited. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters
were measured, and children were categorized as having a MU or MH status according to risk factors.
Retinol, carotenes, tocopherols, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein
and selected pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers were analyzed. General linear
models adjusted for age, sex, recruitment center and body mass index, partial correlations and
stepwise linear regressions were performed. Lower carotenes and tocopherols levels were found in
MU than in MH children. Plasma TAC was lower in prepubertal and higher in pubertal children with
obesity compared to normal-weight children. Antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers showed
novel associations with several pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, with pubertal
differences, supporting the importance of considering both the antioxidant and oxidative stress status
and puberty in the prevention of metabolic diseases in childhood.Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS FEDER)
PI051968
PI11/01425
PI1102042
PI11/02059
PI16/01301
PI16/012
PI1600871CIBEROBN Network
CB12/03/30038
CB15/00131
CB15/0004
Relationship between Physical Activity, Oxidative Stress, and Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Spanish Children from the GENOBOX Study
The World Health Organization has recommended performing at least 60 min a day of
moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reducing sedentarism in children and adolescents
to offer significant health benefits and mitigate health risks. Physical fitness and sports practice
seem to improve oxidative stress (OS) status during childhood. However, to our knowledge, there
are no data regarding the influence of objectively-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentarism
on OS status in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of
moderate and vigorous PA and sedentarism on OS and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a
selected Spanish population of 216 children and adolescents from the GENOBOX study. PA (light,
moderate, and vigorous) and sedentarism (i.e., sedentary time (ST)) were measured by accelerometry.
A Physical Activity-Sedentarism Score (PASS) was developed integrating moderate and vigorous
PA and ST levels. Urinary 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and isoprostane F2 (F2-IsoPs),
as markers of OS, were determined by ELISA; and TAC was estimated by colorimetry using an
antioxidant kit. A higher PASS was associated with lower plasma TAC and urinary 8-OHdG and
F2-IsoPs, showing a better redox profile. Reduced OS markers (8-OHdG and F2-IsoPs) in children
with higher PASS may diminish the need of maintaining high concentrations of antioxidants in
plasma during rest to achieve redox homeostasis.Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS FEDER)
PI11/02042
PI11/02059
PI11/01425
PI16/00871
PI16/01301
PI16/01205RETIC (Redes temáticas de investigación cooperativa)
Red SAMID RD12/0026/0015Instituto de Salud Carlos III
European Commission
IFI17/00048Research Plan of the Vice-Rectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada, Spai
Are Peripheral Biomarkers Determinants of Eating Styles in Childhood and Adolescence Obesity? A Cross-Sectional Study
Disturbances in eating behaviors have been widely related to obesity. However, little is known about the role of obesity-related biomarkers in shaping habitual patterns of eating be haviors (i.e., eating styles) in childhood. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationships between several biomarkers crucially involved in obesity (ghrelin, insulin resistance, and leptin/adiponectin ratio) and eating styles in children and adolescents with obesity. Seventy participants aged between 8 and 16 (56.2% men) fulfilled the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children to measure external, emotional, and restrained eating styles. In addition, concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose were obtained through a blood test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for age and sex were computed for each eating style. Results indicated that individuals with higher ghrelin concentration levels showed lower scores in restrained eating (β = −0.61, p < 0.001). The total model explained 32% of the variance of the restrained pattern. No other relationships between obesity-related biomarkers and eating behaviors were found. This study highlights that one of the obesity-risk factors, namely lower plasma ghrelin levels, is substantially involved in a well-known maladaptive eating style, restraint eating, in childhood obesity
Corrigendum: Reliability and validation of the child eating behavior questionnaire in 3- to 6-year-old Spanish children
A corrigendum on Reliability and validation of the child eating behavior questionnaire in 3- to 6-year-old Spanish children by Jimeno-Martínez, A., Maneschy, I., Moreno, L. A., Bueno-Lozano, G., De Miguel-Etayo, P., Flores-Rojas, K., Jurado-Castro, J. M., de Lamas, C., Vázquez-Cobela, R., Martinez-Lacruz, R., Portoles, O., Martínez, J. A., Navas-Carretero, S., Schröder, H., Fitó, M., Babio, N., Salas-Salvadó, J., Leis, R., Gil-Campos, M., and Rupérez, A. I. (2022). Front. Psychol. 13:705912. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.70591
Influence of FTO variants on obesity, inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers in Spanish children: a case–control multicentre study
Background
Variants in the FTO gene have been associated with obesity in children, but this association has not been shown with other biomarkers. We assessed the association of 52 FTO polymorphisms, spanning the whole gene, with obesity and estimated the influence of these polymorphisms on anthropometric, clinical and metabolic parameters as well as inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers among Spanish children.
Methods
A multicentre case–control study was conducted in 534 children (292 obese and 242 with normal-BMI). Anthropometric, clinical, metabolic, inflammation and CVD risk markers were compared using the Student’s t-test for unpaired samples. The genotype relative risk was assessed by comparing the obese and normal-BMI group, calculating the odds ratio. The association of each SNP with phenotypic parameters was analysed using either logistic or linear regression analysis.
Results
All anthropometric, clinical and metabolic factors as well as inflammatory and CVD risk biomarkers were higher in the obese than in the normal-BMI group, except adiponectin and HDL-c that were lower, and glucose, LDL-c, and metalloproteinase-9 that did not show difference. Four polymorphisms (rs9935401, rs9939609, rs9928094 and rs9930333) were positively associated with obesity and in linkage disequilibrium between each other; the haplotype including the risk alleles of these polymorphisms showed a high risk for obesity. The rs8061518 was negatively associated with obesity and the haplotype including this SNP and rs3826169, rs17818902 and rs7190053 showed a decreased risk for obesity. Additionally, the rs8061518 was associated with weight, diastolic blood pressure, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, leptin, and active plasminogen inhibitor activator-1 after sex and age adjustment; however, after an additional BMI adjustment, this polymorphism remained associated only with leptin.
Conclusions
We validated the previous reported association of genetic variability in intron 1 of the FTO gene with the risk of obesity and found no association with other related traits in this region of the gene. We have observed strong statistical evidence for an association of rs8061518 in intron 3 of the gene with decreased risk of obesity and low concentration of leptin.This work was supported by Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo
e Innovación Tecnológica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de
Investigación Sanitaria (PI020826, PI051968), Consejería de Innovación y Ciencia,
Junta de Andalucía (P06-CTS 2203) and Ministerio de Universidades y
Tecnología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias,
RETIC (Red SAMID RD08/0072/0028)S