Työturvallisuusopas : Kerrostalon runkovaiheeseen

Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli laatia Rakennusliike Laptin henkilöstön käyttöön tiivis, eri työvaiheet käsittelevä kerrostalon runkovaiheen työturvallisuusopas. Opas on tarkoitus ottaa käyttöön Laptin käynnissä olevalle kerrostalotyömaalle, sen valmistuttua. Työ aloitettiin selvittämällä sillä hetkellä kyseisellä työmaalla käytettävien turvallisuussuunnitelmien sisältö. Yrityksen suunnitelmat olivat ajan tasalla, joten seuraavaksi alettiin kehittää keinoa asioiden esiintuomiseksi työntekijöille. Kerrostalon runkotyöhön päätettiin tehdä yleispätevä turvallisuusopas. Itse oppaan tekeminen alkoi työvaihekohtaisella riskien arvioinnilla. Apuna oppaan kokoamiseen käytettiin rakennustyön turvallisuutta koskevia määräyksiä ja asetuksia, sekä henkilökohtaisia kokemuksia. Tuloksena saatiin toimeksiantajalle 18-sivuinen runkovaiheen työturvallisuusopas, jossa on esitelty työvaiheiden tärkeimmät turvallisuushuomiot sekä yleiset turvallisuusohjeet. Opas toimii apuna niin uusille kuin kokeneillekin työntekijöille. Tuloksena saatu työturvallisuusopas sopii pienillä muutoksilla käytettäväksi myös muilla toimeksiantajan kerrostalotyömailla.The aim of this thesis was to create a compact work safety guide for a concrete frame of an apartment building. The work was commissioned by the personnel of Rakennusliike Lapti, a construction company building the apartment house. The purpose of the guide was process all phases of framework of the building. The work began by examining the work safety plans which were used at the construction site. The plans of Rakennusliike Lapti were up-to-date so a decision was made to develope an idea of introducing instructions for the personnel. Another decision was made to create a universal work safety guide for a concrete frame of an apartment building. The making of the guide began by estimating the risks of the work. The guide was based on warrants and specifications of construction work and also the personal knowledge of the author. As a result of the thesis, an 18-page long work safety guide for a concrete frame of an apartment building was created processing all the important notifications and safety instructions. The guide will provide help for new and experienced workers. With a few changes and additions the guide will be useful in other worksites as well

Lapsen ergonominen kantaminen : asiakasopas äitiys- ja lastenneuvolaan

Ergonomisella kantamisella tarkoitetaan lapsen kantamista ergonomisella kantovälineellä, kuten kantoliinalla tai kantorepulla. Kantovälineen ergonomisuus tarkoittaa sitä, että kantoväline tukee lapsen luontaista asentoa, ja on tukeva ja mukava myös kantajalle. Ergonominen kantaminen tukee lapsen normaalia kasvua ja kehitystä ja edistää koko perheen hyvinvointia. Kantamisen mahdollistama runsas fyysinen läheisyys edistää varhaisen vuorovaikutuksen kehittymistä. Varhaiset vuorovaikutuskokemukset vaikuttavat lapsen stressinsietokykyyn, itsetuntoon sekä kykyyn luoda ja ylläpitää positiivisia ihmissuhteita. Kantamisen tarjoamat monipuoliset tasapaino- ja liiketuntemukset edistävät lapsen motorista kehitystä. Lisäksi kantamisen on todettu vähentävät merkittävästi vauvojen itkuisuutta ja vaikuttavan positiviisesti vauvan ja vanhemman kiintymyssuhteen muodostumiseen. Perheiden hyvinvointi ja ennaltaehkäisevä perhetyö ovat tärkeitä ja ajankohtaisia asioita nyky-yhteiskunnassa. Hyvinvoiva perhe antaa lapselle turvallisen kasvuympäristön ja mahdollisuuden normaaliin psyykkiseen, fyysiseen ja sosiaaliseen kehitykseen. Tämän opinnäytetyö tehtiin kehittämistyönä ja sen tuotoksena valmistui ergonomista kantamista esittelevä asiakasopas Siilinjärven äitiys- ja lastenneuvolan käyttöön. Asiakasopas on tarkoitettu annettavaksi äitiysneuvolassa kaikille lasta odottaville perheille tai perheen tullessa lastenneuvolan asiakkuuteen. Valitsimme yhteistyökumppaniksemme neuvolan, sillä neuvola tavoittaa tänä päivänä lähes kaikki suomalaiset lapsiperheet. Neuvolan on tarkoitus tukea lapsiperheitä voimavaralähtöisesti niin vanhemmuudessa, kasvatuksessa, kuin arjen tilanteissa. Asiakasoppaaseen koottiin tietoa ergonomisen kantamisen hyödyistä lapsen kehitykselle ja koko perheen hyvinvoinnille. Asiakasoppaassa kuvataan ergonominen kantamisasento perusteluineen sekä yhteystiedot kantamiseen liittyvän lisätiedon hankkimista varten. Vastaavanlaista opasta ei ole tietomme mukaan aiemmin tehty, joten koimme sille olevan tilausta, sillä lasten kantaminen kantovälineillä on yleistynyt viime vuosina huomattavasti. On tärkeää saada asiasta kiinnostuneille vanhemmille näyttöön perustutuvaa tietoa aiheesta. Tämän opinnäytetyön viitekehyksenä on asiakkaan ohjaaminen. Neuvolassa voimavaralähtöinen ohjaus on keskeinen osa työtä. Kirjallista materiaalia käytetään usein suullisen ohjauksen tukena. Opinnäytetyön ja asiakasoppaan sisältöön haettiin tietoa kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla, käyttäen saatavilla olevia tutkimuksia sekä mahdollisimman monipuolisesti lähteitä useilta eri kirjoittajilta. Tietoa etsittiin kirjastosta, internetistä sekä Aapelista ja Nelli-portaalista, sekä suomalaisia että kansainvälisiä lähteitä käyttäen.Ergonomic babywearing means carrying a child with an ergonomic carrier such as a woven wrap or a buckle carrier. An ergonomic carrier supports a child’s natural position and is comfortable for the parent who does the carrying as well. Babywearing supports a child’s normal growth and development and contributes to the well-being of the entire family. Using a carrier enables increased physical contact which has a positive effect on the development of attachment and early interaction between the child and the parent. The experiences of an early interaction have a strong impact on a child´s stress control, self-esteem and ability to create and maintain positive relationships in his life. Carrying provides a lot of sensations of movement and balance which advances a child´s motoric development. Carried babies are more content and cry significantly less, which makes everyday life easier for the whole family. Family well-being and preventative family work are important and current issues in modern society. A well-being family makes it possible for a child to develop normally in a physical, psychological and mental manner. This thesis was a development process, and its purpose was to create a brochure about ergonomic babywearing for the Siilinjärvi maternity clinic and child health centre. The brochure is meant to be given to all families with either a pregnant mother-to-be or small infants. Almost all Finnish families use the services of maternity clinics and child health care centres when they have children. The aim of these services is to support the families in parenthood, and everyday life using empowering methods. The benefits of ergonomic babywearing for a child’s development and family well-being serve as a basis for the contents of the brochure. Ergonomic body positioning with arguments and contact information was also included to brochure. The goal was to give parents evidence-based information about ergonomic babywearing. This kind of brochure hasn´t been made for maternity clinics or child health centres before and there was a requirement for it. Ergonomic babywearing has increased in recent years, and many families wish to know more about it. The theoretical framework of this thesis is client guidance. Empowering guidance is an essential part of the work in maternity clinics and child health centres. Written material is often used to support verbal guidance. The thesis was written as a literature review by using research information and works from many authors. Information was searched from Finnish and international databases and also from libraries and the internet

Hyvä tapa markkinoinnissa

Opinnäytetyössä tarkasteltiin sitä, millaista on hyvän tavan mukainen markkinointi kuluttajansuojalain mukaan, sekä hyvän tavan mukaisuuden valvontakeinoja eli lakisääteistä kuluttaja-asiamiestä, markkinaoikeuden toimintaa, sekä alan itsesääntelyä, toisin sanoen mainonnan eettisen neuvoston toimintaa. Opinnäytetyössäni käytin lainopillista tutkimusmetodia, eli tutkin voimassa olevan oikeuden sisältöä tutkittavassa oikeusongelmassa. Systematisoinnin, eli jäsentämisen hoidin siten, että ensin kerroin, mitä lainsäädäntö sanoo aiheesta, sitten havainnollistin asiaa kirjantiedoilla ja oikeuskäytännöstä löytämilläni esimerkeillä. Hyvä tapa markkinoinnissa on oikeuden ala, joka on rakentunut oikeuskäytännön ratkaisujen myötä yhteiskunnan arvojen muuttuessa ja markkinoinnin kehittyessä. Vasta 2008 otettiin kuluttajansuojalakiin säädös, jossa määritetään tarkemmin niitä tilanteita, jolloin markkinointi on hyvän tavan vastaista. Hyvän tavan vastaista markkinointia valvovat kuluttaja-asiamies, sekä mainonnan eettinen neuvosto. Sanktioita, joita markkinoija voi saada hyvän tavan vastaisesta markkinoinnista, ovat markkinaoikeuden määräämä kielto ja uhkasakko, sekä mainonnan eettisen neuvoston huomautus. Hyvä jatkotutkimusaihe opinnäytetyölleni voisi olla kuluttajansuolain 2.1 §:ssä mainitun sopimattoman markkinoinnin määrittäminen.The purpose of this study was to examine what is a good conduct in marketing based on the Consumer Protection Act, and further, how this is being supervised by a statutory consumer ombudsperson, the Market Court and self regulation of the field, i.e. activities of the Council of Ethics in Advertising. In this study, a legal research method was used, which means that the contents of the act were examined through a current jurisprudence problem. Systematizing was carried out by examining first, what was written in the act and after that the subject was demonstrated with book learning and examples found from legal usage. A good conduct in marketing is a juridical field that has been built on decisions of the legal practice when values of the society have changed and marketing developed. Only in 2008 was Consumer Protection Act supplemented by a decree that determined what is contrary to a good conduct in marketing. A good conduct in marketing is supervised by a consumer ombudsperson and the Council of Ethics in Advertising. Sanctions imposed to the marketer from breaking the Consumer Protection Act are a ban and penalty payment stipulated by the Market Court and a legal notice from the Council of Ethics in Advertising. A good subject for further studies would be how to define inappropriate marketing mentioned in the paragraph 2.1 of the Consumer Protection Act

Domains in Melts of Comb-Coil Diblock Copolymers: Superstrong Segregation Regime

Conditions for the crossover from the strong to the superstrong segregation regime are analyzed for the case of comb-coil diblock copolymers. It is shown that the critical interaction energy between the components required to induce the crossover to the superstrong segregation regime is inversely proportional to mb = 1 + n/m, where n is the degree of polymerization of the side chain and m is the distance between successive grafting points. As a result, the superstrong segregation regime, being rather rare in the case of ordinary block copolymers, has a much better chance to be realized in the case of diblock copolymers with combs grafted to one of the blocks.

Service-oriented middleware for managing inter-enterprise collaborations

Peer reviewe

Interactions between lipid-free apolipoprotein-AI and a lipopeptide incorporating the RGDS cell adhesion motif

The interaction of a designed bioactive lipopeptide C16-GGGRGDS, comprising a hexadecyl lipid chain attached to a functional heptapeptide, with the lipid-free apoliprotein, Apo-AI, is examined. This apolipoprotein is a major component of high density lipoprotein and it is involved in lipid metabolism and may serve as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers’ disease. We find via isothermal titration calorimetry that binding between the lipopeptide and Apo-AI occurs up to a saturation condition, just above equimolar for a 10.7 μM concentration of Apo-AI. A similar value is obtained from circular dichroism spectroscopy, which probes the reduction in α-helical secondary structure of Apo-AI upon addition of C16-GGGRGDS. Electron microscopy images show a persistence of fibrillar structures due to self-assembly of C16-GGGRGDS in mixtures with Apo-AI above the saturation binding condition. A small fraction of spheroidal or possibly “nanodisc” structures was observed. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data for Apo-AI can be fitted using a published crystal structure of the Apo-AI dimer. The SAXS data for the lipopeptide/ Apo-AI mixtures above the saturation binding conditions can be fitted to the contribution from fibrillar structures coexisting with flat discs corresponding to Apo-AI/lipopeptide aggregates

Self-assembly of minimal peptoid sequences

Peptoids are biofunctional N-substituted glycine peptidomimics. Their self-assembly is of fundamental interest because they demonstrate alternatives to conventional peptide structures based on backbone chirality and beta-sheet hydrogen bonding. The search for self-assembling, water-soluble “minimal” sequences, be they peptide or peptidomimic, is a further challenge. Such sequences are highly desired for their compatibility with biomacromolecules and convenient synthesis for broader application. We report the self-assembly of a set of trimeric, water-soluble α-peptoids that exhibit a relatively low critical aggregation concentration (CAC ∼ 0.3 wt %). Cryo-EM and angle-resolved DLS show different sequence-dependent morphologies, namely uniform ca. 6 nm wide nanofibers, sheets, and clusters of globular assemblies. Absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopies indicate unique phenyl environments for π-interactions in the highly ordered nanofibers. Assembly of our peptoids takes place when the sequences are fully ionized, representing a departure from superficially similar amyloid-type hydrogen-bonded peptide nanostructures and expanding the horizons of assembly for sequence-specific bio- and biomimetic macromolecules

Self-Assembly of Supramolecules Consisting of Octyl Gallate Hydrogen Bonded to Polyisoprene-block-poly(vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymers

Synchrotron radiation was used to investigate the self-assembly in two comb-shaped supramolecules systems consisting of octyl gallate (OG), i.e., 1-octyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, hydrogen bonded to the pyridine groups of polyisoprene-block-poly(vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers. In the case of the 1,2-polyisoprene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine)(OG)x system, self-assembly was only observed for x ≥0.5, where x denotes the number of OG molecules per pyridine group. For x = 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.2 the system self-assembled in the form of hexagonally ordered cylinders of P4VP(OG) throughout the entire temperature range of 25-200 °C investigated. For the 1,4-polyisoprene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine)(OG)x system, on the other hand, a considerably more complex phase behavior was found, including the formation of cubic, hexagonally ordered cylinders and lamellar morphologies. In this case several order-order transitions were observed as a function of temperature, including a lamellar to lamellar transition involving a collapse of the layer thickness. The absence of hydrogen bonding between the octyl gallate molecules and the pyridine groups at elevated temperatures is argued to be a key factor for many of the phenomena observed.

Chain-end modifications and sequence arrangements of antimicrobial peptoids for mediating activity and nano-assembly

Poly(N-substituted glycine) “peptoids” are an interesting class of peptidomimics that can resist proteolysis and mimic naturally found antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which exhibit wide spectrum activity against bacteria. This work investigates the possibility of modifying peptoid AMP mimics (AMPMs) with aliphatic lipid “tails” to generate “lipopeptoids” that can assemble into micellar nanostructures, and evaluates their antimicrobial activities. Two families of AMPMs with different distributions of hydrophobic and cationic residues were employed—one with a uniform repeating amphiphilicity, the other with a surfactant-like head-to-tail amphiphilicity. To further evaluate the interplay between self-assembly and activity, the lipopeptoids were variously modified at the AMPM chain ends with a diethylene glycol (EG2) and/or a cationic group (Nlys-Nlys dipeptoid) to adjust amphiphilicity and chain flexibility. Self-assembly was investigated by critical aggregation concentration (CAC) fluorescence assays and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The structure of a key species was also verified by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). To screen for antibacterial properties, we measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. We found that certain combinations of lipid tail and AMPM sequences exhibit increased antibacterial activity (i.e., decreased MICs). Perhaps counter-intuitively, we were particularly interested in increased MICs in combination with low CACs. Concealing antimicrobial interactions due to packing of AMPMs in nano-assemblies could pave the way to AMPMs that may be “inert” even if unintentionally released and prevent microbes from gaining resistance to the lipopeptoids. Overall, incorporation of EG2 significantly improved lipopeptoids packing while the hydrophobic tail length was found to have a major influence over the MIC. One particular sequence, which we named C15-EG2-(kss)4, exhibited a very low CAC of 34 μM (0.0075 wt.%) and a significantly increased MIC above values for the unmodified AMPM. With the sequence design trends uncovered from this study, future work will focus on discovering more species such as C15-EG2-(kss)4 and on investigating release mechanisms and the potency of the released lipopeptoids