Wintertime losses of ozone in high northern latitudes

Total column ozone data over the past 22 to 30 years from ground-based Dobson and filter ozonometer stations between 30 N and 80 N are analyzed for residual trends remaining after allowance for the known geophysical variations corresponding to: (1) the change of seasons; (2) the quasi-biennial oscillation; and (3) the 11-year solar sunspot cycle. Examination of the data from several ground stations between 45 and 55 N indicated a seasonal difference in the long-term ozone series, with statistically significant losses in several winter months. Accordingly, the data from individual stations were analyzed with multiple regression analysis, seeking trends on a monthly basis after allowance for the known geophysical cycles. Previous statistical analyses were conducted as tests of 1-D model calculations which do not show any differences with the seasons, and any trend toward change in ozone concentrations is expressed in a yearly trend without seasonal variation. Such a model is inappropriate for calculations with a data set which exhibits a pronounced tendency toward seasonal differences in the trends. Comparisons with model calculations then require 2-D models into which seasonal and latitudinal differences can easily be programmed

CdTe Photoconductors for LHC Luminosity Monitoring

Detectors using CdTe photoconductors are being used with great success in LEP to monitor the vertical beam emittance. They can withstand tremendous irradiation, of up to 10^13 Gy, from hard X-rays. For the LHC, monitors measuring the relative luminosity will be placed inside absorbers located 142 m from the interaction points, where they will receive about 10^8 Gy per year due to gamma radiation and neutrons. Thick-polycristalline-CdTe detectors were recently tested for speed, sensitivity and radiation resistance before and after receiving up to 10^15 neutrons per cm^2. The test results are presented here, along with a comparison of the calculated charge deposition in Silicon, Diamond and GaAs detectors

Experimental characterization and elementary reaction modeling of solid oxide electrolyte direct carbon fuel cell

A detailed mechanistic model for solid oxide electrolyte direct carbon fuel cell (SO-DCFC) is developed while considering the thermo-chemical and electrochemical elementary reactions in both the carbon bed and the SOFC, as well as the meso-scale transport processes within the carbon bed and the SOFC electrode porous structures. The model is validated using data from a fixed bed carbon gasification experiment and the SO-DCFC performance testing experiments carried out using different carrier gases and at various temperatures. The analyzes of the experimental and modeling results indicate the strong influence of the carrier gas on the cell performance. The coupling between carbon gasification and electrochemical oxidation on the SO-DCFC performance that results in an unusual transition zone in the cell polarization curve was predicted by the model, and analyzed in detail at the elementary reaction level. We conclude that the carbon bed physical properties such as the bed height, char conversion ratio and fuel utilization, as well as the temperature significantly limit the performance of the SO-DCFC.National Natural Science Foundation (China) (20776078)National Natural Science Foundation (China) (51106085)Low Carbon Energy University Alliance (LCEUA) (Seed Funding

Framing a Trust Game as a Power Game Greatly affects Interbrain Synchronicity between Trustor and Trustee

We used dual electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activity simultaneously in pairs of trustors and trustees playing a 15-round trust game framed as a \u201ctrust game\u201d versus a \u201cpower game\u201d. Four major findings resulted: first, earnings in each round were higher in the trust than in the power game. Second, in the trust game, reaction time for strategic deliberations was significantly longer for the trustee than the trustor. In the power game, however, the trustee took longer to think about how much money to repay, whereas the trustor took longer to think about how much money to invest. Third, prediction accuracy for the amount exchanged was higher in the trust game than in the power game. Fourth, interbrain synchronicity gauged with the phase-locking value of alpha bands in the brain \u2013 especially the frontal and central regions \u2013 was higher in the power game than in the trust game. We infer that this last finding reflects elevated mutual strategic deliberation in the power game. These behavioral and neuroscience-based findings give a better understanding of the framing effects of a trust game on the strategic deliberations of both trustor and trustee seeking to attain wealth. Copyright \ua9 2018 Informa UK Limite

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Le projet GénoGRID : une grille expérimentale pour la génomique

International audienc

Le projet GénoGRID : une grille expérimentale pour la génomique

International audienc

Le projet GénoGRID : une grille expérimentale pour la génomique

International audienc