Ageing Russia, possibilities of substantial revolutionary changes and youth-related problems

The paper deals with the problem of demographic ageing in Russia, some forecasts of the possible substantial revolutionary changes, and present youth activities. The author discusses results of the recent study conducted by the Department of Elite Studies of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Data of this survey and personal observations of the author confirm the opinion about the absence of such changes in contemporary Russia, despite the involvement of a portion of youth in protest rallies which occurred in winter 2012/13 in the capital and big cities which was reduce to the slogan “For honest elections!” The issue of youth violence was slightly tackled

Post-cold war Russian identity

The collapse of the Soviet Union meant the end not only of the Cold war but also of the crucial turn in Russia’s fate. For the first time in its history Russia exists as a nation-state not as an empire. Along with the search of new identity Russians faced new challenges and threats to country’s national security and integrity (the Chechen separatist’s uprising, etc). The transitional crisis of identity seems to be finished off at the beginning of 21st century, yet the process of acceptance of new security environment and multi-cultural realities is going on. The paper examines the process of reformation of Russian national and ethnic identity and development national self-understanding in the post-Cold war era

Oil and Gas Exploration Planning using VOI Technique

Paper deals with actual problem about making decisions during field development. The main aim was to apply method "Value of information" in order to estimate the necessity of field exploration works and show the effectiveness of this method. The object of analysis - field X, which is located in the Eastern Siberia. The reservoir is B13 formation of Vend age. The Field has complex structure, and divided into blocks by faults. During evaluation of the project, main uncertainties and oil in place were obtained for three blocks of the field. According to uncertainty analysis, it was suggested to drill a new exploration well, and value of information method was applied to estimate results from this exploration works. Economic evaluation of the value of information method was made by choosing optimal development strategy. According to the obtained results, drilling of the exploration wells for blocks 1 and 3 of the field X is a good decision, while drilling a well in the second block is risky and not recommended. Also using the value of information, optimal well locations were advised - well l_le for the first block, and well 3_3 for the third block

Oil and Gas Exploration Planning using VOI Technique

Paper deals with actual problem about making decisions during field development. The main aim was to apply method "Value of information" in order to estimate the necessity of field exploration works and show the effectiveness of this method. The object of analysis - field X, which is located in the Eastern Siberia. The reservoir is B13 formation of Vend age. The Field has complex structure, and divided into blocks by faults. During evaluation of the project, main uncertainties and oil in place were obtained for three blocks of the field. According to uncertainty analysis, it was suggested to drill a new exploration well, and value of information method was applied to estimate results from this exploration works. Economic evaluation of the value of information method was made by choosing optimal development strategy. According to the obtained results, drilling of the exploration wells for blocks 1 and 3 of the field X is a good decision, while drilling a well in the second block is risky and not recommended. Also using the value of information, optimal well locations were advised - well l_le for the first block, and well 3_3 for the third block

Improvement of reliability of the guide couple of rapid forging press

Стаття присвячена опису та дослідженню конструкції направляючої пари швидкохідного штампувального преса холодного штампування та обгрунтуванню доцільності її застосування. Конструкцією передбачено виконання мастильних канавок направляючої опори у вигляді тороїдальної поверхні і сполученої з нею профільованої поверхні. Розглянута конструкція направляючої пари швидкохідного штампувального преса забезпечує підвищену надійність в процесі експлуатації. З цією метою розроблена математична модель, що дозволяє розраховувати значення основних характеристик направляючої опори. На базі розробленої математичної моделі виконано ряд розрахунків для різних варіантів профілювання мастильної канавки направляючої пари. Проведені розрахунки показали підвищення демпфирующей здатності опори, в порівнянні з традиційною конструкцією.The article describes the design of high-speed rail pair forge cold stamping and rationale of its application. Design provides for implementation of the oil grooves guide support in the form of the toroidal surface and mating with her profiled surface. Considered design of high-speed rail pair forge provides increased reliability during operation. For this purpose, a mathematical model allows to calculate the values of the basic characteristics of the bracket guide. On the basis of the developed mathematical model is made a series of calculations for different variants of the oil groove profiling guide couples. Calculations have shown increasing support damping capacity under dynamic loads, compared with traditional designs.Статья посвящена описанию и исследованию конструкции направляющей пары штампа для быстроходного штамповочного пресса холодной штамповки и обоснованию целесообразности ее применения. Конструкцией предусмотрено выполнение смазочных канавок направляющей колонны в виде тороидальной поверхности и сопряженной с ней профилированной поверхности. Рассматриваемая конструкция направляющей пары штампа для быстроходного штамповочного пресса обеспечивает повышенную надежность в процессе эксплуатации. С этой целью разработана математическая модель, позволяющая рассчитывать значения основных характеристик направляющей пары. На базе разработанной математической модели выполнен ряд расчетов для разных вариантов профилирования смазочной канавки направляющей пары. Проведенные расчеты показали повышение демпфирующей способности опоры при динамических нагрузках, по сравнению с традиционной конструкцией

Calculation of characteristics of hydrodynamical bearing with defined profile of sleeves based on Mathcad

Стаття присвячена проблемам моделювання роботи гідродинамічних опор ковзання в умовах рідинного тертя. Метою роботи є створення автоматизованої системи розрахунку характеристик опор ковзання з втулками довільного (гладкого) профілю. З цією метою розроблені методика і алгоритм вирішення задачі визначення несучої здатності опори ковзання з заданим профілем втулки, а також розроблені рекомендації з отримання раціональних профілів втулок підшипників ковзання. На базі даної методики розроблено систему розрахунку характеристик підшипника ковзання з застосуванням пакета комп'ютерної алгебри Mathcad. Розроблена розрахункова система була використана для пошуку варіантів раціонального профілювання втулки опори ковзання. Були знайдені варіанти профілю втулок опор ковзання, що забезпечують збільшення несучої здатності в порівнянні з опорами, в яких застосовується традиційний (круглий) профіль втулки. Також розроблена система дозволяє проводити експрес-порівняння характеристик опор ковзання з різними профілями втулки.The article is devoted to problems of hydrodynamic simulations of sliding friction in the liquid. The aim is to create an automated system for calculating the characteristics of sliding sleeves with arbitrary (smooth) profile. For this purpose developed a technique and algorithm for determining the carrying capacity of the bearing with arbitrary profile of the sliding sleeve, and developed recommendations for obtaining rational profiles of sleeve of bearing. On the basis of this methodology developed a system for calculating the characteristics of sliding bearing with the use of package of computer algebra Mathcad. Developed calculation system was used to search for variants of rational profiling of sleeve of sliding bearings. Were found variants of profile of sliding sleeves that provide an increase in carrying capacity compared with the supports that use traditional (round) profile of the sleeve. Designed system also allows quick comparison of the characteristics of sliding sleeves with different profiles.Статья посвящена проблемам моделирования работы гидродинамических опор скольжения в условиях жидкостного трения. Целью работы является создание автоматизированной системы расчета характеристик опор скольжения с втулками произвольного (гладкого) профиля. С этой целью разработаны методика и алгоритм решения задачи определения несущей способности опоры скольжения с задаваемым профилем втулки, а также разработаны рекомендации по получению рациональных профилей втулок подшипников скольжения. На базе данной методики разработана система расчета характеристик подшипника скольжения с применением пакета компьютерной алгебры Mathcad. Разработанная расчетная система была использована для поиска вариантов рационального профилирования втулки опоры скольжения. Были найдены варианты профиля втулок опор скольжения, обеспечивающие увеличение несущей способности по сравнению с опорами, в которых применяется традиционный (круглый) профиль втулки. Также разработанная система позволяет проводить экспресс-сравнение характеристик опор скольжения с различными профилями втулки

Updating the simulation model using dynamic clusters extracted from 4D seismic data

The thesis shows the development and testing of a new method for updating simulation model using dynamic clusters extracted from time-lapse seismic data. The clusters represent reservoir volumes that share a similar 4D seismic response over time. Similarities over time between cumulative production and injection histories and the seismic signatures indicate hydrodynamic connections between wells and corresponding clusters. Once that connection is established, the spatial relationships of clusters determined for individual time segments define fluid pathways and help us to understand the track of the well connections and reservoir connectivity in general. The method allow direct usage of 4D date into simulation model and especially effective for locating baffles and barriers in the reservoir. Additional method advantage is 3D simulation grid based results, so it can be easily used for history matching process. The technique is applied to the two compartmentalized North Sea fields with encouraging results: one is structurally controlled, second is turbidite reservoir with complex geological settings. Overall, method demonstrates solid consistency with geology, can be used for quantitative transmissibility and connectivity update in simulation and even in geological models with sufficient history matching time reduction

On the area of optimal parameters choice for the numerical method of non-stationary hydrodynamics problem with feature

For an approximate solution of the non-stationary nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations for the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid, depending on the set of input data and the geometry of the domain, the area of optimal parameters in the variables $\nu$ and $\nu^{\ast}$ is experimentally determined depending on $\delta$ included in the definition of the $R_{\nu}$-generalized solution of the problem and the degree of the weight function in the basis of the finite element method. To discretize the problem in time, the Runge-Kutta methods of the first and second orders were used. The areas of optimal parameters for various values of the incoming angles are established.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Weighted Finite-Element Method for Elasticity Problems with Singularity

In this chapter, the two-dimensional elasticity problem with a singularity caused by the presence of a re-entrant corner on the domain boundary is considered. For this problem, the notion of the Rv-generalized solution is introduced. On the basis of the Rv-generalized solution, a scheme of the weighted finite-element method (FEM) is constructed. The proposed method provides a first-order convergence of the approximate solution to the exact one with respect to the mesh step in the W 2 , ν 1 Ω -norm. The convergence rate does not depend on the size of the angle and kind of the boundary conditions imposed on its sides. Comparative analysis of the proposed method with a classical finite-element method and with an FEM with geometric mesh refinement to the singular point is carried out

Functional Sensory-Motor Performance Following Long Term Space Flight: The First Results of "Field Test" Experiment

The effect that extended-duration space flights may have on human space travelers, including exploration missions, is widely discussed at the present time. Specifically, there is an increasing amount of evidence showing that the physical capacity of cosmonauts is significantly reduced after long-duration space flights. It is evident that the most impaired functions are those that rely on gravity, particularly up right posture and gait. Because of the sensorimotor disturbances manifested in the neurology of the posture and gait space flight and postflight changes may also be observed in debilitating motion sickness. While the severity of particular symptoms varies, disturbances in spatial orientation and alterations in the accuracy of voluntary movements are persistently observed after long-duration space flights. At this time most of the currently available data are primarily descriptive and not yet suitable for predicting operational impacts of most sensorimotor decrements observed upon landing on planetary surfaces or asteroids. In particular there are no existing data on the recovery dynamics or functionality of neurological, cardiovascular or muscle performance making it difficult to model or simulate the cosmonauts' activity after landing and develop the appropriate countermeasure that will ensure the rapid and safe recovery of crewmembers immediately after landing in what could be hostile environments. However and as a starting position, the videos we have acquired during recent data collection following the long duration flights of cosmonauts and astronauts walking and performing other tasks shortly after return from space flight speak volumes about their level of deconditioning. A joint Russian-American team has developed a new study specifically to address the changes in crewmembers performance and the recovery of performance with the intent of filling the missing data gaps. The first (pilot) phase of this study includes recording body kinematics and quantifying the coordination and timing of relatively simple basic movements - transition from seated and prone positions to standing, walking, stepping over obstacles, tandem walking, muscle compliance, as well as characteristics of postural sway and orthostatic tolerance. Testing for changes in these parameters have been initiated in the medical tent at the landing site. The first set of experiments showed that during the first hour after landing, cosmonauts and astronauts were able to execute (although slower and with more effort than preflight) simple movements such as egress from a seated or prone position and also to remain standing for 3.5 minutes without exhibiting pronounced cardiovascular changes. More challenging tests, however, demonstrated a prominent reduction in coordination - the obstacle task, for example, was performed at much slower speed and with a marked overestimation of the obstacle height and tandem walking was greatly degraded suggesting significant changes in proprioception, brainstem and vestibular function. There is some speculation that the neural changes, either from the bottom-up or top down may be long lasting; requiring compensatory responses that will modify or mask the adverse responses we have observed. Furthermore, these compensatory responses may actually be beneficial, helping achieve a more rapid adaptation to both weightlessness and a return to earth