65 research outputs found
Fruit Detectability Analysis for Different Camera Positions in Sweet-Pepper
For robotic harvesting of sweet-pepper fruits in greenhouses a sensor system is required to detect and localize the fruits on the plants. Due to the complex structure of the plant, most fruits are (partially) occluded when an image is taken from one viewpoint only. In this research the effect of multiple camera positions and viewing angles on fruit visibility and detectability was investigated. A recording device was built which allowed to place the camera under different azimuth and zenith angles and to move the camera horizontally along the crop row. Fourteen camera positions were chosen and the fruit visibility in the recorded images was manually determined for each position. For images taken from one position only with the criterion of maximum 50% occlusion per fruit, the fruit detectability (FD) was in no case higher than 69%. The best single positions were the front views and looking with a zenith angle of 60Β° upwards. The FD increased when a combination was made of multiple viewpoint positions. With a combination of five favourite positions the maximum FD was 90%
Interleukin-10 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II are potential biomarkers of Plasmodium falciparum infections in pregnant women: a case-control study from Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy is problematic due to the low sensitivity of conventional diagnostic tests (rapid diagnostic test and microscopy), which is exacerbated due to low peripheral parasite densities, and lack of clinical symptoms. In this study, six potential biomarkers to support malaria diagnosis in pregnancy were evaluated. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from pregnant women at antenatal clinic visits and at delivery. Microscopy and real-time PCR were performed for malaria diagnosis and biomarker analyses were performed by ELISA (interleukin 10, IL-10; tumor necrosis factor-Ξ±, TNF-Ξ±; soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II, sTNF-RII; soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, sFlt-1; leptin and apolipoprotein B, Apo-B). A placental biopsy was collected at delivery to determine placental malaria. RESULTS: IL-10 and sTNF-RII were significantly higher at all time-points in malaria-infected women (pβ<β0.001). Both markers were also positively associated with parasite density (pβ<β0.001 and pβ=β0.003 for IL-10 and sTNF-RII respectively). IL-10 levels at delivery, but not during pregnancy, were negatively associated with birth weight. A prediction model was created using IL-10 and sTNF-RII cut-off points. For primigravidae the model had a sensitivity of 88.9% (95%CI 45.7-98.7%) and specificity of 83.3% (95% CI 57.1-94.9%) for diagnosing malaria during pregnancy. For secundi- and multigravidae the sensitivity (81.8% and 56.5% respectively) was lower, while specificity (100.0% and 94.3% respectively) was relatively high. Sub-microscopic infections were detected in 2 out of 3 secundi- and 5 out of 12 multigravidae. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of biomarkers IL-10 and sTNF-RII have the potential to support malaria diagnosis in pregnancy. Additional markers may be needed to increase sensitivity and specificity, this is of particular importance in populations with sub-microscopic infections or in whom other inflammatory diseases are prevalent
Interleukin-10 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II are potential biomarkers of Plasmodium falciparum infections in pregnant women: a case-control study from Nanoro, Burkina Faso
Background: Diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy is problematic due to the low sensitivity of conventional diagnostic tests (rapid diagnostic test and microscopy), which is exacerbated due to low peripheral parasite densities, and lack of clinical symptoms. In this study, six potential biomarkers to support malaria diagnosis in pregnancy were evaluated.Methods: Blood samples were collected from pregnant women at antenatal clinic visits and at delivery. Microscopy and real-time PCR were performed for malaria diagnosis and biomarker analyses were performed by ELISA (interleukin 10, IL-10; tumor necrosis factor-Ξ±, TNF-Ξ±; soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II, sTNF-RII; soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, sFlt-1; leptin and apolipoprotein B, Apo-B). A placental biopsy was collected at delivery to determine placental malaria.Results: IL-10 and sTNF-RII were significantly higher at all time-points in malaria-infected women (pβ<β0.001). Both markers were also positively associated with parasite density (pβ<β0.001 and pβ=β0.003 for IL-10 and sTNF-RII respectively). IL-10 levels at delivery, but not during pregnancy, were negatively associated with birth weight. A prediction model was created using IL-10 and sTNF-RII cut-off points. For primigravidae the model had a sensitivity of 88.9% (95%CI 45.7β98.7%) and specificity of 83.3% (95% CI 57.1β94.9%) for diagnosing malaria during pregnancy. For secundi- and multigravidae the sensitivity (81.8% and 56.5% respectively) was lower, while specificity (100.0% and 94.3% respectively) was relatively high. Sub-microscopic infections were detected in 2 out of 3 secundi- and 5 out of 12 multigravidae.Conclusions: The combination of biomarkers IL-10 and sTNF-RII have the potential to support malaria diagnosis in pregnancy. Additional markers may be needed to increase sensitivity and specificity, this is of particular importance in populations with sub-microscopic infections or in whom other inflammatory diseases are prevalent
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ
Successful implementation of lytic virulent bacteriophages in clinical practice requires convincing evidence of its safety and efficacy.Design: We searched in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and Russian-language literature databases in May 2018. Original articles must fulfill the following eligibility criteria: randomized, controlled trials investigating the effects of phage therapy in people with bacterial infections; at least one patient outcome was reported. Three review authors independently selected, studies, extracted, data, and. assessed, risk of bias. We used, random-effects models for meta-analysis.Participants: adults and. children of both, sexes with bacterial infection, including multi-drug resistant variants, or individuals at risk of infection.Outcomes: recovery or resolution of infection; clinical improvement; change in number of exacerbations; recurrence of infection; quality of life; elimination or load, reduction of a pathogen in an anatomical compartment.Results: We included 13 trials (issued in 1965-2018) including 9 treatment studies and. 4 prevention studies. Overall, eight randomized, trials involved, adults. Five studies addressed skin and soft tissues infections, six studies concerned intestinal infections, one study addressed respiratory tract infection and. one study β ear infection. Across bias domains, 35-90% of trials scored, low risk of bias. Meta-analysis for adverse events attributable to phages and. for wound, healing provided us with pooled relative risks of 0.74 (95% CI 0.68;1.2) and 0.91 (95% CI0.68;1.2) respectively.Conclusions: Beneficial effect of bacteriophages can be demonstrated, and. not refuted. However, our study led. to tentative conclusions. The conduct of well-designed and sufficiently powered, trials would, facilitate registration and. wide accepting of bacteriophage treatment.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄: ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π² Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² 2018 Π³. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ: ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°; Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°, Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅; ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅; ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ; ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ; ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ; ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π° Π² Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ΅.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΡ. Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 13 ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ: ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (n = 9) ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (ΠΏ = 4). ΠΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
5 ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ. Π‘Π‘Π‘Π , 3 β Π² Π‘Π¨Π, 2 β Π² ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅, 2βΠ² ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ. 8 ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². 5 ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, 6 β ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, 1 β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, 1 β Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ
Π°. ΠΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, Π² 1965β2018 Π³Π³. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ 35β90% Π ΠΠ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π½: 0,74 (95% ΠΠ 0,68β1,2) ΠΈ 0,91 (95% ΠΠ 0,68β1,2) ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π¨ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Community-based scheduled screening and treatment of malaria in pregnancy for improved maternal and infant health in The Gambia, Burkina Faso and Benin: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria continues to cause over 10,000 maternal deaths and 75,000 to 200,000 infant deaths. Successful control of malaria in pregnancy could save lives of mothers and babies and is an essential part of antenatal care in endemic areas. The primary objective is to determine the protective efficacy of community-scheduled screening and treatment (CSST) using community health workers (CHW) against the primary outcome of prevalence of placental malaria. The secondary objectives are to determine the protective efficacy of CSST on maternal anaemia, maternal peripheral infection, low birth weight, selection of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance markers, and on antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance and coverage of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp-SP).Methods/design: This is a multi-centre cluster-randomised controlled trial involving three countries with varying malaria endemicity; low (The Gambia) versus high transmission (Burkina Faso and Benin), and varying degrees of SP resistance (high in Benin and moderate in Gambia and Burkina Faso). CHW and their related catchment population who are randomised into the intervention arm will receive specific training on community-based case management of malaria in pregnancy. All women in both study arms will be enrolled at their first ANC visits in their second trimester where they will receive their first dose of IPTp-SP. Thereafter, CHW in the intervention arm will perform scheduled monthly screening and treatment in the womens homes. At time of delivery, a placental biopsy will be collected from all women to determine placental malaria. At each contact point, filter paper and blood slides will be collected for detection of malaria infection and SP resistance markers.Discussion: To reach successful global malaria control, there is an urgent need to access those at greatest risk of malaria infection. The project is designed to develop a low-cost intervention in pregnant women which will have an immediate impact on the malaria burden in resource-limited countries. This will be done by adding to the standard IPTp-SP delivered through the health facilities: an "extension" strategy to the communities in rural areas thus bringing health services closer to where women live. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN37259296 (5 July 2013), and clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01941264 (10 September 2013)
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