Europe 2020 Strategy and Citizens' Life Satisfaction

De acuerdo a la política de publicación de la revista, seguimos Accepted Version [pathway b]The aim of this paper is to analyse whether the Europe 2020 Strategy approach might guide policymaking toward citizens' life satisfaction. We find that the Member States closer to attaining the Europe 2020 targets report higher levels of satisfaction. That is, Europe 2020 Strategy, as a set of public policies, is aligned with people’s life satisfaction. In addition and given the current context of rising economic and social inequalities in the European Union and their negative consequences for people's well-being, we study whether an "inequality-extended Europe 2020 Strategy", incorporating more specific targets for inequalities, is more aligned with European's life satisfaction. Results show that inequality-extended Europe 2020 Strategy is more associated with life satisfaction than Europe 2020 Strategy. Thus, inequalities do matter to European citizens and a refinement of the Europe 2020 Strategy could enhance the effectiveness of its programs.Contract-Programme between Vice President for Science Policy and Research and the Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Granada, 2017-201

A simple approximation for the evaluation of the photon isoeffective dose in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy based on dose-independent weighting factors

The current methodology for determining the biological effect of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) has recently been questioned, and a more accurate framework based in the photon isoeffective dose has been proposed. In this work we derive a first order approximation to this quantity than can be easily evaluated even from limited data, as is the current situation in the radiobiology of BNCT. This procedure removes the main drawbacks of the current method and it is based on new weighting factors that, as a difference with the previously used, are true constants (dose independent). In addition to this, we apply the formalism to allow the comparison to a fractionated conventional radiotherapy treatment, for which there is a lot of knowledge from clinical practice. As an application, the photon isoeffective dose of a BNCT treatment for a brain tumor is estimated. An excel sheet used for these calculations is also provided as supplementary material and can be used also with user-provided input data for the estimation of the photon isoeffective dose for comparison with conventional radiotherapy, both to single and fractionated treatments.Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. Institut Laue-Langevin. Grenoble, Rhône-Alpes, France. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spai

Neutron radiobiology studies with a pure cold neutron beam

Data on the radiobiological effects of thermal neutrons are usually obtained from irradiations in a mixed field of neutrons of different energies and gamma rays or from conversion of proton data with similar energies to those created in the neutron capture on nitrogen. Experimental data from irradiations in a pure thermal or cold neutron beam can help to find new values for neutron relative biological effectiveness (RBE) factors, which are useful for BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) and radiation protection applications. We present a new experimental setup for radiobiological studies at a cold neutron beam at Institut Laue-Langevin, a beam without fast neutron component and almost no gamma ray contribution. After the irradiation, survival assays are performed to obtain the survival curves. Finally, comparing with a reference photon irradiation, the thermal neutron RBE factors can be calculated. The methodology is outlined at the example of A375 melanoma cells for which new radiobiological data were obtained.We acknowledge financial support for this work from the Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) under grant PS16163811PORR, Junta de Andalucía (Andalusian Regional Government), under contract P11-FQM-8229, Spanish MINECO and FEDER funds under contract FIS2015-69941-C2-1-P, the grant agreement ILL-UGR and the founders of the University of Granada Chair Neutrons for Medicine: Spanish Fundación ACS and Capitán Antonio. M.P. acknowledges a grant under the program Becas de Iniciación a la Investigación from the Universidad de Granada (Plan Propio de Investigación). The open access fee was covered by FILL2030, a European Union project within the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement N°731096

The spanish republican exile of 1939 through the Paris press: comparative analysis between Le Populaire and Le Petit Parisien

El presente artículo analiza el tratamiento informativo que recibieron los refugiados españoles en los diarios parisinos Le Populaire y Le Petit Parisien entre enero y febrero de 1939. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica, el análisis comparado de textos y las entrevistas en profundidad, demostraremos que los republicanos que se refugiaron en París fueron separados de sus familias y encerrados en verdaderos campos de concentración, y vivieron una auténtica campaña de desprestigio por parte de la prensa, sobre todo la conservadora, que azuzó el miedo al comunismo y utilizó un discurso en sus textos periodísticos especialmente duro contra los exiliados, a los que retrataba como peligrosos y malhechores.This article analyzes the information treatment received by the Spanish refugees in the Parisian newspapers Le Populaire and Le Petit Parisien between January and February 1939. From the bibliographic review, the comparative analysis of texts and the in-depth interviews, we will show that the Republicans who took refuge in Paris were separated from their families and locked up in real concentration camps. In addition, they lived a real campaign of discredit by the press, especially the conservative, who stirred the fear of communism and used a speech in their journalistic texts especially hard against the exiles, whom he portrayed as dangerous and evildoers

Evidence about asymmetric price transmission in the main European fuel markets: from TAR-ECM to Markov-switching approach

This paper presents new evidence on the existence of asymmetries in the transmission of shocks in oil prices in the main European fuel markets and their relation to the so-called rockets and feathers effect. Our approach differs from the existing literature in two ways: (1) the data used: we use forward prices rather than spot prices because fuel leaders use forward contracts to buy crude oil. (2) The methodological approach is different. We adopt a more sophisticated econometric model, the Markov-switching model, and use it to contrast the robustness of the results obtained with the TAR-ECM methodology with an endogenous threshold (nonzero threshold). In general, the results show evidence of an asymmetric response of gasoline and diesel prices to changes in the price of crude oil, both in the short-run and with respect to the adjustment towards long-run equilibrium. These price asymmetries fall in line with the “rockets and feathers” hypothesis.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. ECO2015-67305-PBanco de España | Ref. PR71/15-20229Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. ECO2015-68367-RXunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2014/02

On-Surface Hydrogen-Induced Covalent Coupling of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via a Superhydrogenated Intermediate

The activation and subsequent covalent coupling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great interest in fields like chemistry, energy, biology, or health, among others. However, this is not a trivial process. So far, it is based on the use of catalysts that drive and increase the efficiency of the reaction. Here, we report on an unprecedented method in which the dehydrogenation and covalent coupling is thermally activated in the presence of atomic hydrogen and a surface. This mechanism, which requires of the superhydrogenation of the PAHs, has been characterized by high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work opens a door toward the formation of covalent, PAH-based, macromolecular nanostructures on low-reactive surfaces, thus facilitating its applicability.Comment: This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licens

Información y ayuda para la incorporación de la mujer en oficios masculinos. Proyecto "INAyMUJER"

En la Formación Profesional actual se mantiene una fuerte discriminación social que provoca una desigualdad ocupacional en función del sexo1. Esta situación es debida fundamentalmente al rol de género que condiciona los estereotipos históricamente transmitidos a través de nuestra cultura2. Es por tanto necesario fomentar acciones y actuaciones formativas para los docentes en los niveles educativo de Primaria, Secundaria Obligatoria y Postobligatoria3, rompiendo el panorama actual, destruyendo barreras, y orientando4 en igualdad de condiciones en nuestro sistema educativo que nos permitan mejorar las oportunidades de elección de la mujer en las especialidades de Formación Profesional masculinas, eliminando la contaminación social existente. Al mismo tiempo es importante conocer las cualificaciones profesionales5 demandadas por las empresas donde la empleabilidad de la mujer es baja o inexistente6 para proporcionar a la mujer una formación en perfiles profesionales de sectores empresariales poco demandados por el colectivo de mujeres, y con una cualificación profesional media-alta requerida por la empresa. Y por último la situación actual de la mujer en la Formación Profesional de Andalucía en especialidades masculinas. El objetivo de éste estudio es una vez analizadas la cuestiones expuestas, desarrollar acciones formativas interviniendo el docente, la empresa y la universidad

Tesauros: estándares y recomendaciones

Los tesauros se han adaptado al entorno tecnológico y constituyen una pieza esencial como medio de organización del conocimiento para la web semántica. Tras un largo período sin abordar la actualización de estándares y recomendaciones de los tesauros, en los últimos cinco años se han realizado revisiones en el seno de los organismos normalizadores. Un trabajo de consenso internacional ha culminado con la publicación de la primera parte de la norma ISO para tesauros. Aporta un modelo de datos y pone el acento en la interoperabilidad. Se recoge lo más destacado de las diferentes directrices para tesauros que se han sucedido desde los años ochenta hasta el estándar ISO 25964. Se reflexiona sobre cuáles han sido las características más destacadas de esta evolución y se exploran los usos más novedosos de los sistemas de organización del conocimiento en la WebThesauri and other knowledge organization systems have been adapted to the technological environment. Currently, this represents an essential aspect of knowledge organization on the semantic web. After a long period in which thesaurus guidelines and standards were not updated, some have been revised by the governing organisations within the past five years. Consensus among interntional experts has resulted in publication of the first part of an ISO standard for thesauri, which provides a data model and emphasizes the interoperability process. This paper compiles the most relevant guidelines for thesauri published between the ‘80s and the ISO 25964 document. We reflect on the most relevant characteristics in this evolution and explore the most recent applications of knowledge organization systems on the We

Limitations of Standard Accessible Captioning of Sounds and Music for Deaf and Hard of Hearing People: An EEG Study

Captioning is the process of transcribing speech and acoustical information into text to help deaf and hard of hearing people accessing to the auditory track of audiovisual media. In addition to the verbal transcription, it includes information such as sound effects, speaker identification, or music tagging. However, it just takes into account a limited spectrum of the whole acoustic information available in the soundtrack, and hence, an important amount of emotional information is lost when attending just to the normative compliant captions. In this article, it is shown, by means of behavioral and EEG measurements, how emotional information related to sounds and music used by the creator in the audiovisual work is perceived differently by normal hearing group and hearing disabled group when applying standard captioning. Audio and captions activate similar processing areas, respectively, in each group, although not with the same intensity. Moreover, captions require higher activation of voluntary attentional circuits, as well as language-related areas. Captions transcribing musical information increase attentional activity, instead of emotional processing

Thermal Stability of Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy Thin Films Obtained by Nanometer Multilayer Deposition

Cu-Al-Ni is a high-temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA) with exceptional thermomechanical properties, making it an ideal active material for engineering new technologies able to operate at temperatures up to 200 °C. Recent studies revealed that these alloys exhibit a robust superelastic behavior at the nanometer scale, making them excellent candidates for developing a new generation of micro-/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). The very large-scale integration (VLSI) technologies used in microelectronics are based on thin films. In the present work, 1 μm thickness thin films of 84.1Cu-12.4 Al-3.5Ni (wt.%) were obtained by solid-state diffusion from a multilayer system deposited on SiNx (200 nm)/Si substrates by e-beam evaporation. With the aim of evaluating the thermal stability of such HTSMA thin films, heating experiments were performed in situ inside the transmission electron microscope to identify the temperature at which the material was decomposed by precipitation. Their microstructure, compositional analysis, and phase identification were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers. The nucleation and growth of two stable phases, Cu-Al-rich alpha phase and Ni-Al-rich intermetallic, were identified during in situ heating TEM experiments between 280 and 450 °C. These findings show that the used production method produces an HTSMA with high thermal stability and paves the road for developing high-temperature MEMS/NEMS using shape memory and superelastic technologies.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project PID2021-122160NB-I00, and the GIU-21/024 from the University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. This work made use of the TEM and SEM facilities of the Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis of Materials SGIKER of the UPV/EHU, as well as the FIB facilities of EML at NanoGune