Modulación de propiedades optoelectrónicas de materiales basados en grafeno y nanopuntos de carbono

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, leída el 07-06-2019Nowadays, the degradation of the environment and the climate change are some of the main concerns of our society. Therefore, a lot of effort has been invested in the search for new alternatives to fossil fuels. One interesting solution to this problem is to use solar energy as a renewable supply. In nature, it is well-known that solar energy can be transformed into chemical energy by means of photosynthetic processes. This concept has inspired a lot of efforts in the development of new artificial photosynthetic systems composed by donoracceptor(D-A) assemblies. Specifically, in recent years, the combination of carbon nanoforms and light-harvesting dyes using covalent and supramolecular approaches has been widely studied. In this sense, the improvement in the formation methodology of new D-A assemblies, as well as the understanding of the charge transfer processes involved in these systems, are the main keys to create new artificial systems with a potential applicability...Actualmente, unas de las mayores preocupaciones de nuestra sociedad son la degradación del medio ambiente y el cambio climático. Debido a esto, se ha invertido mucho esfuerzo en la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas a los combustibles fósiles. Una solución interesante a este problema es el uso de la energía solar como fuente de energía renovable. Como bien sabemos, los procesos fotosintéticos observados en la naturaleza son capaces de transformarla energía solar en energía química. Buscando inspiración en este concepto, se ha puesto mucho esfuerzo en el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas foto sintéticos artificiales basados en complejos de tipo dador-aceptor (D-A). Concretamente, en los últimos años, ha sido muy estudiada la formación de sistemas basados en nanoformas de carbono y colorantes con gran capacidad de absorción de luz, a través de estrategias covalentes y supramoleculares. En este sentido, las claves para la creación de sistemas artificiales con una potencial aplicabilidad son la mejora de las metodologías para la formación de los sistemas D-A, así como la comprensión de los procesos de trasferencia de carga que operan en este tipo de sistemas...Depto. de Química OrgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEunpu

Introduction to nonlinearities, business cycles, and forecasting

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Introduction to nonlinearities, business cycles, and forecasting.

Forecasting; Business cycles;

La relevancia de la cognición social en la esquizofrenia

La investigación realizada en los últimos años ha mostrado la existencia de una correlación entre los déficits cognitivos y el funcionamiento social en esquizofrenia. Mientras que los déficits en la atención, la memoria y el funcionamiento ejecutivo han sido ampliamente estudiados, se ha puesto menos atención a la investigación en cognición social. Sin embargo, la cognición social se está convirtiendo en el foco de interés porque la evidencia empírica está mostrando su relevancia funcional como variable mediadora entre neurocognición y el nivel de funcionamiento social del paciente con esquizofrenia. En consecuencia, se han desarrollado nuevas intervenciones centradas en los componentes clave de la cognición social que están deteriorados en la esquizofrenia (procesamiento emocional, percepción social, teoría de la mente, esquemas sociales/conocimiento social y estilo atribucional), con el objetivo de mejorar el funcionamiento cognitivo social. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: sintetizar cuál es la concepto actual de cognición social, indicar cuáles son los componentes que incluye, presentar algunos de los instrumentos disponibles para evaluar la cognición social y revisar los programas de intervención más destacados que están dirigidos a mejorar la cognición social en las personas con esquizofrenia.Research conducted in recent years has shown correlations between neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Whereas deficits such as attention, memory and executive functioning have been widely studied, less attention has been paid to social cognition. However social cognition is moving into the focus of interest because empirical evidence is showing the functional significance of social cognition as a mediating variable between neurocognition and the social level of functioning in schizophrenic patients. Consequently, new interventions have been developed focusing on the key domains of social cognition that are impaired in schizophrenia (emotion perception, social perception, theory of main, social schemata, and attributional style), with the goal of improving social cognitive functioning. The purpose of this present work is: to summarize the current conceptualisation of social cognition and the domains included under this concept; to present some of the instruments available to evaluate social cognition; and to review the main intervention programs devoted to improving social cognition in schizophrenia.Universidad de Valencia UV-AE- 20060248Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia SEJ2006-0705

COMPARISON ON TRAVEL SCHEDULING BETWEEN DRIVING AND WALKING TRIPS BY HABITUAL CAR USERS

Research on walking behavior has become increasingly more important in the field of transportation in the past decades. However, the study of the factors influencing the scheduling decisions related to walking trips and the exploration of the differences between travel modes has not been conducted yet. This paper presents a comparison of the scheduling and rescheduling decisions associated with car driving trips and walking trips by habitual car users using a data set collected in Valencia (Spain) in 2010. Bivariate probit models with sample selection are used to accommodate the influence of pre-planning on the decision to execute a travel as pre-planned or not. The explicative variables considered are: socio-economic characteristics of respondents, travel characteristics, and facets of the activity executed at origin and at destination including the scheduling decisions associated with them. The results demonstrate that a significant correlation exists between the choices of pre-planning and rescheduling for both types of trips. Whether for car driving or walking trips, the scheduling decisions associated with the activity at origin and at destination are the most important explicative factors of the trip scheduling and rescheduling decisions. However, the rescheduling of trips is mainly influenced by modifications in the activity at destination. Some interesting differences arise regarding the rescheduling decision processes between travel modes: if pre-planned, walking trips are less likely to be modified than car driving trips, showing a more rigid rescheduling behavior.We would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding the research project PEATON-TRA2011-27415.Ferrer López, S.; Ruiz Sánchez, T. (2016). COMPARISON ON TRAVEL SCHEDULING BETWEEN DRIVING AND WALKING TRIPS BY HABITUAL CAR USERS. 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L‑arginine‑containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles embedded in dental adhesive (Arg@MSN@DAdh) for targeting cariogenic bacteria

Dental caries is the major biofilm-mediated oral disease in the world. The main treatment to restore caries lesions consists of the use of adhesive resin composites due to their good properties. However, the progressive degradation of the adhesive in the medium term makes possible the proliferation of cariogenic bacteria allowing secondary caries to emerge. In this study, a dental adhesive incorporating a drug delivery system based on L-arginine-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) was used to release this essential amino acid as a source of basicity to neutralize the harmful acidic conditions that mediate the development of dental secondary caries. The in vitro and bacterial culture experiments proved that L-arginine was released in a sustained way from MSNs and diffused out from the dental adhesive, effectively contributing to the reduction of the bacterial strains Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. Furthermore, the mechanical and bonding properties of the dental adhesive did not change significantly after the incorporation of L-arginine-containing MSNs. These results are yielding glimmers of promise for the costeffective prevention of secondary caries.Spanish GovernmentEuropean CommissionRey Juan Carlos University CTQ2017-88642-R PID2021-125216OB-I00 2022/00004/01

El desarrollo humano y los movimientos migratorios en las culturas mediterráneas

Los autores de este trabajo toman como marco de estudio e interacción el espacio físico, social y cultural mediterráneo para, en primer lugar, analizar descriptiva y comparativamente los logros obtenidos en educación, salud, recursos económicos e igualdad de género que indican su nivel de desarrollo socio-cultural y de bienestar humano, y que unen y separan a sus poblaciones. En segundo lugar, se verifica la existencia en los distintos países mediterráneos de profundos desequilibrios demográficos y de desiguales niveles de desarrollo y bienestar que son algunos de los factores que favorecen, aunque no de forma única, los movimientos migratorios.This work aims, in the first place, to analyze, describe, and compare the achievements in education, public health, economic resources, and gender equality that have taken place in the Mediterranean space (physical, social, and cultural). These achievements indicate the level of socio-cultural development and human welfare of this space. In the second place, it shows that there are deep demographic imbalances and unequal levels of development and welfare between different Mediterranean countries. It is showed how these are some of the factors that partially favour migration