6,605 research outputs found
Modulación de propiedades optoelectrónicas de materiales basados en grafeno y nanopuntos de carbono
Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, leída el 07-06-2019Nowadays, the degradation of the environment and the climate change are some of the main concerns of our society. Therefore, a lot of effort has been invested in the search for new alternatives to fossil fuels. One interesting solution to this problem is to use solar energy as a renewable supply. In nature, it is well-known that solar energy can be transformed into chemical energy by means of photosynthetic processes. This concept has inspired a lot of efforts in the development of new artificial photosynthetic systems composed by donoracceptor(D-A) assemblies. Specifically, in recent years, the combination of carbon nanoforms and light-harvesting dyes using covalent and supramolecular approaches has been widely studied. In this sense, the improvement in the formation methodology of new D-A assemblies, as well as the understanding of the charge transfer processes involved in these systems, are the main keys to create new artificial systems with a potential applicability...Actualmente, unas de las mayores preocupaciones de nuestra sociedad son la degradación del medio ambiente y el cambio climático. Debido a esto, se ha invertido mucho esfuerzo en la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas a los combustibles fósiles. Una solución interesante a este problema es el uso de la energía solar como fuente de energía renovable. Como bien sabemos, los procesos fotosintéticos observados en la naturaleza son capaces de transformarla energía solar en energía química. Buscando inspiración en este concepto, se ha puesto mucho esfuerzo en el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas foto sintéticos artificiales basados en complejos de tipo dador-aceptor (D-A). Concretamente, en los últimos años, ha sido muy estudiada la formación de sistemas basados en nanoformas de carbono y colorantes con gran capacidad de absorción de luz, a través de estrategias covalentes y supramoleculares. En este sentido, las claves para la creación de sistemas artificiales con una potencial aplicabilidad son la mejora de las metodologías para la formación de los sistemas D-A, así como la comprensión de los procesos de trasferencia de carga que operan en este tipo de sistemas...Depto. de Química OrgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEunpu
Introduction to nonlinearities, business cycles, and forecasting.
Forecasting; Business cycles;
La relevancia de la cognición social en la esquizofrenia
La investigación realizada en los últimos años ha mostrado la existencia de una
correlación entre los déficits cognitivos y el funcionamiento social en esquizofrenia.
Mientras que los déficits en la atención, la memoria y el funcionamiento ejecutivo han
sido ampliamente estudiados, se ha puesto menos atención a la investigación en cognición
social. Sin embargo, la cognición social se está convirtiendo en el foco de interés
porque la evidencia empírica está mostrando su relevancia funcional como variable
mediadora entre neurocognición y el nivel de funcionamiento social del paciente con
esquizofrenia. En consecuencia, se han desarrollado nuevas intervenciones centradas en
los componentes clave de la cognición social que están deteriorados en la esquizofrenia
(procesamiento emocional, percepción social, teoría de la mente, esquemas sociales/conocimiento
social y estilo atribucional), con el objetivo de mejorar el funcionamiento
cognitivo social. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: sintetizar cuál es la concepto actual
de cognición social, indicar cuáles son los componentes que incluye, presentar algunos
de los instrumentos disponibles para evaluar la cognición social y revisar los programas
de intervención más destacados que están dirigidos a mejorar la cognición social en las
personas con esquizofrenia.Research conducted in recent years has shown correlations between neurocognitive
deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Whereas deficits such as attention,
memory and executive functioning have been widely studied, less attention has been
paid to social cognition. However social cognition is moving into the focus of interest
because empirical evidence is showing the functional significance of social cognition as a mediating variable between neurocognition and the social level of functioning in
schizophrenic patients. Consequently, new interventions have been developed focusing
on the key domains of social cognition that are impaired in schizophrenia (emotion
perception, social perception, theory of main, social schemata, and attributional style),
with the goal of improving social cognitive functioning. The purpose of this present
work is: to summarize the current conceptualisation of social cognition and the domains
included under this concept; to present some of the instruments available to evaluate
social cognition; and to review the main intervention programs devoted to improving
social cognition in schizophrenia.Universidad de Valencia UV-AE- 20060248Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia SEJ2006-0705
COMPARISON ON TRAVEL SCHEDULING BETWEEN DRIVING AND WALKING TRIPS BY HABITUAL CAR USERS
Research on walking behavior has become increasingly more important in the field of transportation in the past decades. However, the study of the factors influencing the scheduling decisions related to walking trips and the exploration of the differences between travel modes has not been conducted yet. This paper presents a comparison of the scheduling and rescheduling decisions associated with car driving trips and walking trips by habitual car users using a data set collected in Valencia (Spain) in 2010. Bivariate probit models with sample selection are used to accommodate the influence of pre-planning on the decision to execute a travel as pre-planned or not. The explicative variables considered are: socio-economic characteristics of respondents, travel characteristics, and facets of the activity executed at origin and at destination including the scheduling decisions associated with them. The results demonstrate that a significant correlation exists between the choices of pre-planning and rescheduling for both types of trips. Whether for car driving or walking trips, the scheduling decisions associated with the activity at origin and at destination are the most important explicative factors of the trip scheduling and rescheduling decisions. However, the rescheduling of trips is mainly influenced by modifications in the activity at destination. Some interesting differences arise regarding the rescheduling decision processes between travel modes: if pre-planned, walking trips are less likely to be modified than car driving trips, showing a more rigid rescheduling behavior.We would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding the research project PEATON-TRA2011-27415.Ferrer López, S.; Ruiz Sánchez, T. (2016). COMPARISON ON TRAVEL SCHEDULING BETWEEN DRIVING AND WALKING TRIPS BY HABITUAL CAR USERS. Transportation. 44(1):27-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-015-9618-xS2748441Arentze, T., Timmemans, H.: ALBATROSS—A Learning Based Transportation Oriented Simulation System. European Institute of Retailing and Services Studies (EIRASS), Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven (2000)Asadi-Shekari, Z., Moeinaddini, M., Zaly Shah, M.: Non-motorized level of service: addressing challenges in pedestrian and bicycle level of service. Transp. Rev. 33(2), 166–194 (2013)Auld, J., Mohammadian, A.: Activity planning processes in the agent-based dynamic activity planning and travel scheduling (ADAPTS) model. Transp. Res. Part A 46(8), 1386–1403 (2012)Bassett, D., Pucher, J., Buehler, R., Thompson, D., Crouter, S.: Walking, cycling, and obesity rates in Europe, North America, and Australia. J. Phys. Act. Health 5, 795–814 (2008)Borst, H.C., de Vries, S.I., Graham, J.M.A., von Dongen, J.E.F., Bakker, I., Miedema, H.M.E.: Influence of environmental street characteristics on walking route choice of elderly people. J. Environ. Psychol. 29, 477–484 (2009)Canca, D., Zarzo, A.E., Barrena, A.E.: Macroscopic attraction-based simulation of pedestrian mobility: a dynamic individual route-choice approach. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 231(2), 428–442 (2013)Cao, X., Handy, S.L., Mokhtarian, P.L.: The influences of the built environment and residential self-selection on pedestrian behavior: evidence from Austin, TX. Transportation 33(1), 1–20 (2006)Clark, A.F., Doherty, S.T.: Examining the nature and extent of the activity–travel preplanning decision process. In: Proceedings of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C. (2008)Doherty, S.T.: An activity scheduling process approach to understanding travel behavior. In: The 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 9–13, Jan (2000)Doherty, S.T., Miller, E.J.: A computerized household activity scheduling survey. Transportation 27, 75–97 (2000)Doherty, S.T.: How far in advance are activities planned? Measurement challenges and analysis. In: The 84th Anuual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C. (2005)European Commission (EC): White Paper. Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area-Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system [COM(2011)144]. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (2011)Ferrer, S., Ruiz, T.: Factors influencing the travel scheduling of driving trips of habitual car users. Transp. Res. Rec. 2412, 100–108 (2014). (Washington D.C.)García-Garcés, P., Ruiz, T.: Simultaneous analysis of global decisions in the activity–travel scheduling process. Transp. Res. Rec. 2382, 121–131 (2013). (Washington D.C.)Golledge, R.G., Kwan, M.-P., Garling, T.: Computational-process modelling of household travel decisions using a geographical information system. Working Paper, UCTC No. 218, The University of California Transportation Center, University of California at Berkeley (1994)Greene, W.: Econometric Analysis, 4th edn. Prentice Hall, New York (2000)Greenwald, M., Boarnet, M.G.: The built environment as a determinant of walking behavior: analyzing non-work pedestrian travel in Portland, Oregon. Transp. Res. Rec. 1780, 33–42 (2002)Guinn, J.M., Stangl, P.: Pedestrian and bicyclist motivation: an assessment of influences on pedestrians’ and bicyclists’ mode choice in Mt. Pleasant, Vancouver. Urb. Plan. Transp. Res. 2(1), 105–125 (2014)Habib, K.A.: Random utility maximization (RUM) based dynamic activity scheduling model: application in weekend activity scheduling. Transportation 38, 123–151 (2011)Habib, K., Morency, C., Trépanier, M.: Integrating parking behaviour in activity-based travel demand modelling: investigation of the relationship between parking type choice and activity scheduling process. Transp. Res. Part A 46, 154–166 (2012)Heckman, J.J.: Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrics 47(1), 153–161 (1979)Joh, C.-H., Doherty, S.T., Polak, J.W.: Analysis of factors affecting the frequency and type of activity schedule modification. Transp. Res. Rec. 1926, 19–25 (2005). (Washington, D.C.))Kelly, C.E., Tight, M.R., Hodgson, F.C., Page, M.W.: A comparison of three methods for assessing the walkability of the pedestrian environment. J. Transp. Geogr. 19(6), 1500–1508 (2011). (Special section on alternative travel futures)Lachapelle, U., Noland, R.B.: Does the commute mode affect the frequency of walking behavior? The public transit link. Transp. Policy 21, 26–36 (2012)Liao, T.F.: The nonrandom selection of don’t knows in binary and ordinal responses: corrections with the bivariate probit model with sample selection. Qual. Quant. 29, 87–110 (1995)Liao, F., Arentze, T., Timmermans, H.: Incorporating space–time constraints and activity–travel time profiles in a multi-state supernetwork approach to individual activity–travel scheduling. Transp. Res. Part B 55, 41–58 (2013)Mohammadian, A., Doherty, S.T.: Modeling activity scheduling time horizon: duration of time between planning and execution of pre-planned activities. Transp. Res. Part A 40(6), 475–490 (2006)Monzón, A., Cascajo, R., Alonso, A.: Observatorio de la Movilidad Metropolitana: informe 2011. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Madrid (2007)Nijland, E.W.L., Arentze, T.A., Borgers, A.W.J., Timmermans, H.J.P.: Individuals’ activity–travel rescheduling behaviour: experiment and model-based analysis. Environ. Plan. A 41(6), 1511–1522 (2009)Recker, W.W., McNally, M.G., Root, G.S.: A model of complex travel behaviour: part I theoretical development. Transp. Res. A 20a, 307–318 (1986)Roorda, M.J., Doherty, S.T., Miller, E.J.: Operationalising household activity scheduling models: addressing assumptions and the use of new sources of behavioral data. In: Lee-Gosselin, M., Doherty, S.T. (eds.) Integrated Land-Use and Transportation Models: Behavioural Foundations, pp. 61–85. Elsevier, Oxford (2005)Ruiz, T., García-Garcés, P.: Measuring the impact of travel behavior change programs on the activity scheduling process. Transp. Lett. (in press). doi: 10.1179/1942787514Y.0000000037Ruiz, T., Timmermans, H.J.P.: Changing the timing of activities in resolving scheduling conflicts. Transportation 33(5), 429–445 (2006)Ruiz, T., Roorda, M.J.: Analysis of planning decisions during the activity scheduling process. Transp. Res. Rec. 2054, 46–55 (2008). Washington, D.C.Ruiz, T., Roorda, M.J.: Assessing planning decisions by activity type during the scheduling process. Transportmetrica 7(6), 417–442 (2011)Van Bladel, K., Bellemans, T., Janssens, D., Wets, G.: Activity travel planning and rescheduling behavior: empirical analysis of influencing factors. Transp. Res. Rec. 2134, 135–142 (2009). Washington, D.C.Van den Berg, P., Arentze, T., Timmermans, H.J.P.: Factors influencing the planning of social activities. Transp. Res. Rec. 2157, 63–70 (2010). Washington, D.C.Van de Ven, W.P.M.M., Van Praag, B.M.S.: The demand for deductibles in private health insurance: a probit model with sample selection. J. Econom. 17, 229–252 (1981)Weinstein, A., Schlossberg, M., Irvin, K.: How far, by which route and why? Pedestrian preference. J. Urb. Des. 13(1), 81–98 (2008)Xiao, F., Lam, W.H.K.: A network equilibrium approach for modelling activity travel pattern scheduling problems in multi-modal transit networks with uncertainty. Transportation 41, 37–55 (2014)Yin, L.: Assessing walkability in the city of Buffalo: application of agent-based simulation. J. Urb. Plan. Dev. 139(3), 166–175 (2013)Zielstra, D., Hartwig, H.H.: Using free and proprietary data to compare shortest-path lengths for effective pedestrian routing in street networks. Transp. Res. Rec. 2299, 41–47 (2012). Washington, D.C
L‑arginine‑containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles embedded in dental adhesive (Arg@MSN@DAdh) for targeting cariogenic bacteria
Dental caries is the major biofilm-mediated oral disease in the world. The main treatment to restore caries lesions
consists of the use of adhesive resin composites due to their good properties. However, the progressive degradation
of the adhesive in the medium term makes possible the proliferation of cariogenic bacteria allowing secondary caries
to emerge. In this study, a dental adhesive incorporating a drug delivery system based on L-arginine-containing
mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) was used to release this essential amino acid as a source of basicity to neutralize
the harmful acidic conditions that mediate the development of dental secondary caries. The in vitro and bacterial
culture experiments proved that L-arginine was released in a sustained way from MSNs and diffused out from the
dental adhesive, effectively contributing to the reduction of the bacterial strains Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
casei. Furthermore, the mechanical and bonding properties of the dental adhesive did not change significantly
after the incorporation of L-arginine-containing MSNs. These results are yielding glimmers of promise for the costeffective
prevention of secondary caries.Spanish GovernmentEuropean CommissionRey Juan Carlos University CTQ2017-88642-R
PID2021-125216OB-I00
2022/00004/01
El desarrollo humano y los movimientos migratorios en las culturas mediterráneas
Los autores de este trabajo toman como marco de estudio e interacción el espacio físico, social y cultural mediterráneo para, en primer lugar, analizar descriptiva y comparativamente los logros obtenidos en educación, salud, recursos económicos e igualdad de género que indican su nivel de desarrollo socio-cultural y de bienestar humano, y que unen y separan a sus poblaciones. En segundo lugar, se verifica la existencia en los distintos países mediterráneos de profundos desequilibrios demográficos y de desiguales niveles de desarrollo y bienestar que son algunos de los factores que favorecen, aunque no de forma única, los movimientos migratorios.This work aims, in the first place, to analyze, describe, and compare the achievements in education, public health, economic resources, and gender equality that have taken place in the Mediterranean space (physical, social, and cultural). These achievements indicate the level of socio-cultural development and human welfare of this space. In the second place, it shows that there are deep demographic imbalances and unequal levels of development and welfare between different Mediterranean countries. It is showed how these are some of the factors that partially favour migration
- …