Modelo de gestión académica según norma ISO 21001:2018 para mejorar la calidad educativa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas - 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo general, proponer un modelo de gestión académica según norma ISO 21001:2018 para mejorar la calidad educativa en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas 2021. La investigación fue aplicada de diseño no experimental, cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo propositivo. La población y muestra estuvo conformada por 3 gestores, 14 docentes y 115 alumnos. La técnica fue la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. En conclusión, La gestión académica se caracterizó por, 66.7% perciben que la gestión estratégica, formación integral y los resultados de gestión se ubican en el grupo “En proceso”, es decir, que se cumple la gestión entre 25- 75% de lo programado. La gestión soporte institucional, es “Ineficiente”, “En proceso” y “Eficiente” en 33.3%, respectivamente. Los puntos críticos que impiden que la gestión académica sea efectiva, el 49.5% percibe que la gestión académica está en “En proceso” con tendencia a ser “Ineficiente” en 25.7%. Solo el 24.8% considera que es “Eficiente”. Es válido el modelo de gestión académica según la norma ISO 21001:2018, según los expertos. El modelo de gestión académica según norma ISO 21001: 2018 mejora la calidad educativa en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas – 2021, según evaluación de los expertos

Organizational culture in local governments

Las diferentes concepciones de la cultura organizacional se han desarrollado en las últimas décadas, dependiendo de estas, se proponen, desarrollan y evalúan estrategias de intervención encaminadas a mejorar el bienestar de los miembros que conforman los gobiernos locales. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las concepciones de cultura organizacional detalladas en las publicaciones de las bases de datos SciELO, Redalyc, Scopus, durante los últimos cinco años. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática descriptiva de 39 artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas, desde el año 2016 al 2020. Concluyendo que, la necesidad que tienen las organizaciones de servicio es el caso de los gobiernos regionales es de contar con recursos humanos capaces, competentes y por encima de todo alineado a los requerimientos y objetivos de la institución, lo cual permite una mejora notable en la eficiencia del servicio y mejoras en el desempeño.Different conceptions of organizational culture have been developed in recent decades, depending on these, intervention strategies are proposed, developed and evaluated aimed at improving the well-being of the members that make up local governments. The objective of this article is to describe the concepts of organizational culture detailed in the publications of the databases SciELO, Redalyc, Scopus, during the last five years. Materials and methods: Descriptive systematic review of 39 scientific articles published in indexed journals, from 2016 to 2020. Concluding, is that the need for service organizations such as regional governments is to have human resources capable, competent and above all aligned with the requirements and objectives of the institution, which allows a notable improvement in the efficiency of the service and improvements in performance

Organizational climate in local governments

Cada día cobra mayor importancia que los líderes de los gobiernos locales conozcan los fundamentos teóricos que explican las razones que impulsan a los trabajadores a conseguir buenas relaciones interpersonales y mantener un clima laboral óptimo. El objetivo de este artículo fue conocer el clima organizacional en los gobiernos locales de diferentes contextos. El diseño de estudio fue descriptivo-cualitativo, técnica el análisis documental, la muestra lo conformaron 15 artículos extraídos de fuentes digitales indexadas SciELO, Redalyc, Scopus, Latindex, otros. Los resultados indicaron que el clima organizacional en el ámbito educativo es negativo, en el contexto empresarial y gubernamental, el 70% de los trabajadores siente que el clima laboral es pésimo; sin embargo, en la mayoría de las medianas empresas el 40% de ellas, propician un buen clima laboral. Concluyendo, que, el clima organizacional en los gobiernos locales, existen problemas de comunicación, actualización profesional, liderazgo, ejecución de procesos, práctica de valores institucionales y condiciones laborales deficientes.Every day it becomes more important that local government leaders know the theoretical foundations that explain the reasons that drive workers to achieve good interpersonal relationships and maintain an optimal work environment. The objective of this article was to know the organizational climate in local governments in different contexts. The study design was descriptive-qualitative, documentary analysis technique, the sample was made up of 15 articles extracted from indexed digital sources SciELO, Redalyc, Scopus, Latindex, others. The results indicated that the organizational climate in the educational field is negative, in the business and governmental context, 70% of the workers feel that the work climate is terrible; However, in most medium-sized companies, 40% of them promote a good working environment. Concluding, that, the organizational climate in local governments, there are problems of communication, professional updating, leadership, execution of processes, practice of institutional values ​​and poor working conditions

Prevention of anemia and child malnutrition in oral health in Latin América

La deficiencia de hierro es la carencia específica de micronutrientes más extendida y la principal causa de anemia en lactantes, niñas y niños hasta cinco años, en especial los menores de 24 meses. Las provincias orientales son las de mayor prevalencia con predominio casi absoluto de casos ligeros. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de la anemia y desnutrición infantil en Latinoamérica, el enfoque fue cualitativo y la técnica el análisis documentario. Los resultados, de 15 artículos descargados de la base de datos de revistas indexadas, tienen similitud, puesto que, la desnutrición crónica afectó al 43,0%y la anemia al 43,5% de los niños menores de 5 años de hogares humildes. No existió una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre desnutrición crónica con el sexo ni edad del niño, ni entre la anemia y sexo del niño. Sin embargo, sí se encontró asociación entre la edad del menor y la anemia (p <0,001). Se concluyó, que, la desnutrición crónica y anemia resultaron elevadas en niños menores de 5 años de hogares a nivel Latinoamérica, siendo evidentes las grandes desigualdades en la situación de pobreza, servicios básicos y salud de los niños en extrema pobreza.Iron deficiency is the most widespread specific micronutrient deficiency and the main cause of anemia in infants, girls and boys up to five years of age, especially those under 24 months. The eastern provinces are those with the highest prevalence, with an almost absolute predominance of mild cases. The objective was to determine the prevalence of anemia and child malnutrition in Latin América, the approach was qualitative and the documentary analysis technique. The results of 15 articles are similar, since chronic malnutrition affected 43.0% and anemia 43.5% of children under 5 years of age from humble homes. There was no statistically significant association between chronic malnutrition with the sex or age of the child, or between anemia and the sex of the child. However, an association was found between the child's age and anemia (p <0.001). It was concluded that chronic malnutrition and anemia were high in children under 5 years of age in households in Latin America, being evident the great inequalities in the situation of poverty, basic services and health of children in extreme poverty

Quality of education in public universities

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el nivel de calidad académica que ofrecen las universidades públicas, razón por la cual se analizaron diferentes estudios que se hicieron en esta década enfocados en ese fin. La metodología fue un enfoque cualitativo y el método de análisis y síntesis. La muestra de estudio lo conformaron 15 artículos recopilados y seleccionados de revistas indexadas de la base de datos de SciELO, Scopus, Redalyc, Dialnet, entre otros. Los resultados de las revistas consultadas tienen similitud en cuanto a la calidad de la enseñanza en las distintas instituciones de educación superior, puesto que, la mayoría de los estudiantes de educación superior no cumplen con el perfil establecido para las carreras profesionales. Concluyendo que, los desafíos del aprendizaje en las universidades es la modernidad y se conectan directamente con el proceso de universalización del saber. Desde su fundación, la universidad involucra el desarrollo de una visión del mundo moderno y de colonización, encarna una manera de pensar y una forma de producir conocimiento.The objective of this study is to know the level of academic quality offered by public universities, which is why different studies that were carried out in this decade focused on that end were analyzed. The methodology was a quantitative approach, the study sample was made up of 15 articles collected and selected from indexed journals. The results of the journals consulted are similar in terms of the quality of teaching in the different higher education institutions, since the majority of higher education students do not meet the profile established for professional careers. Concluding that the learning challenges in universities in modernity are directly connected with the process of universalization of knowledge. Since its foundation, the university involves the development of a vision of the modern world and of colonization, it embodies a way of thinking and a way of producing knowledge

Quality of service in the Local Educational Management Units

El propósito de este artículo es identificar la calidad de servicio en las Unidades de Gestión Educativa Local, para ello, se utilizó un diseño descriptivo-transversal; es el resultado del acopio de trabajos similares, en donde se realizó un análisis de la información recolectada, a través de la base de datos de revistas indexadas con Scielo, Ridalyc, entre otros, posteriormente, se compararon dichos aspectos encontrados y se determinó la brecha existente entre percepciones y expectativas. Concluyendo que, la calidad de servicio es regular de acuerdo a la actitud de los clientes.The purpose of this article is to identify the quality of service in the Local Educational Management Units, for this, a descriptive-transversal design was used; It is the result of the collection of similar works, where an analysis of the information collected was carried out, through the database of journals indexed with Scielo, Ridalyc, among others, later, these aspects found were compared and the gap was determined existing between perceptions and expectations. Concluding that, the quality of service is regular according to the attitude of the customers. Keywords: quality of service, infrastructure, reliability, empath

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31â127 anaesthetic procedures in 30â874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0â5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9â3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7â2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7â7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10â000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86â0·90; p<0·0001), medical history, and physical condition (1·60, 1·40â1·82; p<0·0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0·99, 0·981â0·997; p<0·0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0·98, 0·97â0·99; p=0·0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia. Funding European Society of Anaesthesiology

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6.35 years (SD 4.50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5.2% (95% CI 5.0-5.5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3.1% (2.9-3.3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1.9% (1.7-2.1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5.4% (3.7-7.5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0.88, 95% CI 0.86-0.90; p<0.0001), medical history, and physical condition (1.60, 1.40-1.82; p<0.0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0.99, 0.981-0.997; p<0.0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0.98, 0.97-0.99; p=0.0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia