Evaluation et contrôle des stratégies des ressources humaines dans le secteur du tourisme. Preuves/indices/donnees empiriques dans les provinces de Málaga et Granada

Dans le contexte économique de l'effondrement de l'économie réelle, le tourisme a pris un rôle de premier plan en tant que premier créateur d'emplois dans notre pays. Il est connu que l'augmentation de la qualité du travail dans le secteur du tourisme, a pour conséquences une augmentation de la productivité, une amélioration des conditions de vie, ainsi qu'une croissance économique. Dans une telle situation, la stratégie des ressources humaines, l'un des facteurs clés de succès pour l'avantage concurrentiel, doit être un stimulus pour que le capital humain, le plus talentueux, se semble plus attiré et développe sa carrière dans ce secteur, ce qui se traduirait par une amélioration des attentes des performances commerciales. Comme nous l'avons démontré dans les recherches précédentes, le secteur du tourisme en général, et surtout dans le secteur de l'hôtellerie, contrairement à d'autres, présente certaines caractéristiques spécifiques, qui exercent un impact significatif sur la qualité et la quantité des emplois créés. Parmi ces caractéristiques, on peut souligner concrètement la saisonnalité. En termes d'emploi, la saisonnalité implique, a priori, l'instabilité, de faibles attentes, des salaires bas, ils signifient dans son ensemble, une baisse de la qualité de l'emploi, ajouté à une réduction de celui-ci lors des périodes de moins de touristes. L'objectif de ce travail est d'obtenir des preuves empiriques sur l'attraction et la rétention des talents du capital humain dans le secteur du tourisme andalou (concrètement à Malaga et à Grenade), en utilisant comme variable proxy, le désajustement de l’éducation. La méthodologie utilisée pour l'analyse était la méthode statistique, basée sur la mode, après avoir catégoriser des hôtels (Malaga et Grenade) par analyse 444 discriminante de l'information économique agrégée, la plus pertinente, de chaque entreprise. Pour l'application de la méthode statistique on a utilisé l'information à partir d'une enquête menée aux hôtels, et á partir d'une analyse Delphi réalisée sur des experts sociaux et des leaders de l'industrie. La conclusion la plus importante, en termes généraux, se réfère à la nonconcordance entre l'évaluation de l'importance accordée à la stratégie des ressources humaines et le développement de cette même lors de sa mise en oeuvre. Ainsi, une dichotomie peut être vu, dans le niveau d'éducation, se produisant un problème d'éducation en excès, alors que l'éducation formelle est insuffisante pour l'exécution efficace du travail. Tout cela reflète une politique ne favorisant point la rétention des talents.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Post-fatigue fracture resistance of metal core crowns: press-on metal ceramic versus a conventional veneering system

Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the mechanical failure behavior and to analyze fracture characteristics of metal ceramic crowns with two veneering systems – press-on metal (PoM) ceramic versus a conventional veneering system – subjected to static compressive loading. Material and Methods: Forty-six crowns were constructed and divided into two groups according to porcelain veneer manufacture. Group A: 23 metal copings with porcelain IPS-InLine veneering (conventional metal ceramic). Group B: 23 metal copings with IPS-InLine PoM veneering porcelain. After 120,000 fatigue cycles, the crowns were axially loaded to the moment of fracture with a universal testing machine. The fractured specimens were examined under optical stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Results: Fracture resistance values showed statistically significant differences (Student’s t-test) regarding the type of ceramic veneering technique ( p =0.001): Group A (conventional metal ceramics) obtained a mean fracture resistance of 1933.17 N, and Group B 1325.74N (Press-on metal ceramics). The most common type of fracture was adhesive failure (with metal exposure) ( p =0.000). Veneer porcelain fractured on the occlusal surface following a radial pattern. Conclusions: Metal ceramic crowns made of IPS InLine or IPS InLine PoM ceramics with different laboratory techniques all achieved above-average values for clinical survival in the oral environment according to ISO 6872. Crowns made with IPS InLine by conventional technique resisted fracture an average of 45% more than IPS InLine PoM fabricated with the press-on techniqu

The fishing and seafood sector in the time of COVID-19: Considerations for local and global opportunities and responses

This paper provides an overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fishing sector over the world, including several economic, social, environmental, and health challenges that the fisheries have had to face during the early days of the health crisis and some of them still continue today. These problems, in short, are translated into a decrease in seafood demand, loss of jobs, changes in food consumption habits, economic losses or increased vulnerability of the industry. As consequence, governments have been forced to implement regulations and measures in support of this sector. However, a positive aspect of the pandemic also stands out; the opportunity to transform the food system to be greener, more inclusive, and resilient against future shocks.This work was supported by the EAPA_576/2018 NEPTUNUS project. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Interreg Atlantic Are

Diseño para una Empresa Familiar de un Sistema Acuapónico con Energía Solar en el Chad

This article describes the design of a single-family aquaponic system powered by solar energy. This technique called “aquaponics” is an activity that blends aquaculture (farming aquatic species) and hydroponics (growing plants in a water-based environment) into one integrated system. A description is given of the elements in the aquaponic circuit, which is sized to scale for a family business, in addition to the budget required for its implementation in Chad. The use of renewable energy offers the possibility of implementing sustainable farming in underdeveloped countries. The objective of this system is to maximize the production of fish and vegetables, taking into account their limitations (20 kg of fish can be produced for every 1,000 liters of water while 8 liters of water are necessary to grow each plant). The fish farmed in this case will be tilapia, as it is technically feasible and has a flavor that is acceptable to the inhabitants of Chad. The cultivated plants include all types of fruits and vegetables, as well as aromatic plants.Este artículo describe el diseño de un sistema acuapónico unifamiliar alimentado con energía solar. Esta técnica llamada “acuaponía”, es una actividad en la que convergen la acuicultura (cría de especies acuáticas) y la hidroponía (cultivo de plantas sobre el agua) en un mismo sistema integrado. Se hace una descripción de los elementos del circuito acuapónico, un dimensionamiento a nivel de empresa familiar así como el presupuesto que permita su implementación en el Chad. Al incluir el uso de energías renovables, nos da la posibilidad de implementar el cultivo sostenible en países subdesarrollados. El objetivo de esta instalación es maximizar la producción de pescados y vegetales, teniendo en cuenta sus limitaciones (se pueden producir 20 kg de peces por cada 1000 litros de agua y son necesarios 8 litros por planta cultivada). El pescado que se criará será la tilapia, ya que técnicamente es factible y su sabor es aceptado por los habitantes del Chad. En cuando al cultivo de plantas, serán todo tipo de frutas y verduras, así como plantas aromáticas

Lysosomal Degradation of Junctional Proteins

Epithelial cells develop tight junctions (TJs) and cell polarity. Both properties are sensitive to environmental signals such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the cardiotonic steroid ouabain. EGF is regarded as the main protector against injuries in epithelia, and ouabain is a hormone that regulates blood pressure, natriuresis, cell survival, and cell adhesion. After treatment with epidermal growth factor or ouabain, epithelial dog kidney MDCK cells undergo a drastic remodeling that includes changes in the transcription, translation, localization, and degradation of cell junction proteins. Degradation of these proteins involves selective and nonselective autophagy as well as endocytic lysosomal and proteasomal routes. The remodeling mechanism of tight junction’s proteins includes the activation of Src and ERK1/ERK2 kinases, the phosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus of the transcription factor STAT3, the activation of PKC to induce the endocytosis of claudin-2, and the delivery of this protein to the lysosomes. Whole communicating junctions and desmosomes are internalized by one cell and sent to degradation by nonselective autophagy. Nonselective and selective autophagies in epithelial cells are very context dependent; nevertheless, it is clear that, together with endocytic lysosomal and proteasomal degradation, they play a key role in the remodeling and functioning of cell junctions

How to achieve the sustainability of the seafood sector in the European Atlantic Area?

Climate change, globalization or marine debris are on the spot of concerns for the most society. Particularly, fisheries are impacted by these and other issues. On the framework of the European Atlantic area, NEPTUNUS project (EAPA_576_2018) tries to provide opportunities for the transition to the circular economy of the seafood and aquaculture sectors by means of a consistent methodology for products eco-labelling and defining eco-innovation strategies. Furthermore, this project will provide key actions for resource efficiency based on life cycle thinking and the nexus water-energy-food, incorporating producers, policy makers and consumers in the decision-making process. This review addresses, therefore, the threats and challenges of the current Atlantic fisheries, the methodologies and actions to be face them and the expected results of the NEPTUNUS projectThis work was supported by the EAPA_576/2018 NEPTUNUS project. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Interreg Atlantic Are

From the sea to the table: the environmental impact assessment of fishing, processing, and end-of-life of albacore in Cantabria

Cantabria, a small coastal region of Northern Spain, is one of the biggest producers of gourmet tuna cans in Europe. The fish capture in the Cantabrian Sea and the subsequent transformation in a local processing plant give distinction to this product, which is widely marketed in cans of 105 g of net weight. This work evaluates for the first time the environmental profile of the whole supply chain of this product, from fishing, processing, and waste valorization to inter-stage transport and packaging management in the end-of-life. To this end, the life cycle assessment methodology was applied considering primary data from the stakeholders involved in the supply chain and analyzing the seven most studied categories in this sector. Results revealed that fishing and processing accounted for the majority of the environmental impacts, while valorization and end-of-life treatments only avoid less than 10% of the burdens. The most important findings are focused on the high dependence on fuel use, identified as a hotspot in most stages although low compared to other fisheries, and on the intensive use of resources, especially sunflower oil, which contributes more than 70% of the impact on the global warming potential of the processing. This current framework forces the enhancement of the efficiency of a sector that attempts to engage the challenge of societal sustainability, by identifying the critical points and guiding policy makers on the path to sustainable development.This work was supported by the EAPA_576/2018NEPTUNUS project. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Interreg Atlantic Area. The authors are grateful for the funding of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the KAIROS-BIOCIR project (PID2019-104925RB) (AEO/FEDER, UE). Ana Fernández thanks the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spanish Government for their financial support via the research fellowship RE2020-094029. We also want to thank the fishermen and those responsible for the processing plant for the provision of the data

Water footprint assessment of food loss and waste management strategies in Spanish regions

The availability of freshwater is one of the biggest limitations and challenges of food production, as freshwater is an increasingly scarce and overexploited resource in many parts of the world. Therefore, the concept of water footprint (WF) has gained increasing interest, in the same way that the generation of food loss and waste (FLW) in food production and consumption has become a social and political concern. Along this line, the number of studies on the WF of the food production sector is currently increasing all over the world, analyzing water scarcity and water degradation as a single WF indicator or as a so-called WF profile. In Spain, there is no study assessing the influence of FLW generation along the whole food supply chain nor is there a study assessing the different FLW management options regarding the food supply chain’s WF. This study aimed to assess the spatially differentiated WF profile for 17 Spanish regions over time, analyzing the potential linkages of FLW management and water scarcity and water degradation. The assessment considered compliance and non-compliance with the Paris Agreement targets and was based on the life cycle assessment approach. Results are highlighted in a compliance framework; the scenarios found that anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting (to a lesser extent) had the lowest burdens, while scenarios with thermal treatment had the highest impact. Additionally, the regions in the north of Spain and the islands were less influenced by the type of FLW management and by compliance with the Paris Agreement targets.This study has been conducted thanks to the financial support of the Project Ceres-Procom: Food production and consumption strategies for climate change mitigation (CTM2016-76176-C2-1-R) (AEI/FEDER, UE), financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain. Daniel Hoehn thanks the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government for their financial support via the research fellowship BES-2017-080296. Thanks are also due to the FCT/MCTES for the contracts granted to Paula Quinteiro (CEECIND/00143/2017) and for the financial support to CESAM (UIDB/50017/2020+UIDP/50017/2020) by means of national funds

Towards a Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus index: A review of nutrient profile models as a fundamental pillar of food and nutrition security

The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus approach should be promoted as a tool for sustainable management of resources through the interconnection of these three fundamental pillars. Particularly, food security must ensure healthy and balanced diets for everyone, but selecting individual indicators to assess all slants covered by this element is not an easy task. Hence, the objective of this paper is two-fold, to review nutrient profiling (NP) models that allow to categorize foods and evaluate diets based on their nutritional quality, and to choose the most appropriate model to be used within a WEF nexus index. To address this issue, a total of 159 documents were assessed, appraising the geographic distribution, and time evolution of the publications, as well as the characteristics and potential applications of the NP systems. The review concludes that the NRF9.3. model is the most liable option to be used in a WEF nexus index, presenting the best characteristics by means of the definition of scores and thresholds, and the use of an 'across-the-board' criteria and a reference quantity of 100 kcal, alongside offering higher ability to assess diets and foods than the other competitive model (HEI) through the evaluation of nutrients to encourage instead of foods. A secondary outcome of the review is the identification of the NP models as a useful tool to enable institutions with information to establish policies in the field of public health and facilitating the decision-making process according to the current healthy claimsThe authors are grateful for the funding of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the KAIROS-BIOCIR project (PID2019-104925RB) (AEO/FEDER, UE) and of the Interreg Atlantic Area through the NEPTUNUS project (EAPA_576/2018). Daniel Hoehn thanks the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spanish Government for their financial support via the research fellowship BES-2017-080296. Jorge Cristóbal acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the “Beatriz Galindo” grant BEAGAL18/00035

Angiosome study of the first digital feet space, for reconstruction of the digital tip

Background: The concept of angiosome explains the anatomical variations that exist between the vessels of different regions of the body and helps to understand the contributions of arterial blood supply to the skin and adjacent structures, dividing the human body into three-dimensional vascular blocks.Methods: This was an observational and descriptive study. In both lower extremities of 5 corpses with adequate tissue preservation in the operating room attached to the teaching area of the National Institute of Forensic Sciences in Mexico City. Angiosome study of the medial neurocutaneous flap of the second toe of both feet was performed.Results: The average, in centimeters, of the surface of the flaps was 1.57 cm x 2.47 cm, the average diameter of the inter-metatarsal digital artery was 1.1 millimeters and the average diameter of the veins draining the angiosome was 1.4 millimeters. The most constant anatomy was that of the nerve, which was present in all cases, with the digital nerve forming the neurosome of the flap.Conclusions: To obtain optimal results in microsurgery transfers, it is necessary to have a technique that is quick for harvesting the flap and with adequate systematization so as not to injure the neurovascular bundle, this is achieved through complete anatomical knowledge, without forgetting the main variants