21 research outputs found

    Tumor immunosurveillance in human cancers

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    Until now, the anatomic extent of tumor (TNM classification) has been by far the most important factor to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. However, in recent years, data collected from large cohorts of human cancers demonstrated that the immune contexture of the primary tumors is an essential prognostic factor for patients’ disease-free and overall survival. Tumoral and immunological markers predicted by systems biology methods are involved in the shaping of an efficient immune reaction and can serve as targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Global analysis of tumor microenvironment showed that the nature, the functional orientation, the density, and the location of adaptive immune cells within distinct tumor regions influence the risk of relapse events. The density and the immune cell location within the tumor have a prognostic value that is superior to the TNM classification, and tumor invasion is statistically dependent on the host-immune reaction. Thus, the strength of the immune reaction could advance our understanding of cancer evolution and have important consequences in clinical practice

    International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

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    Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

    Estudo comparativo de aderĂȘncias intraperitoneais associadas ao uso das telas de polipropileno e de malha leve de polipropileno revestida com ĂĄcido graxo ĂŽmega-3

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    OBJETIVO: Comparar as aderĂȘncias entre dois grupos de ratas Wistar submetidas Ă  colocação intraperitoneal da tela de polipropileno e malha leve de polipropileno revestida com ĂĄcido graxo ĂŽmega-3. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas 27 ratas Wistar randomizadas em trĂȘs grupos. No grupo 0 nĂŁo houve colocação de prĂłtese, no grupo 1 houve implantação da prĂłtese de polipropileno e no grupo 2, implantação de prĂłtese de polipropileno revestida com ĂĄcido graxo ĂŽmega-3. Foi avaliadas a presença de aderĂȘncias, grau, força de ruptura, percentual de ĂĄrea recoberta e retração das telas aferidas. RESULTADOS: O grupo 0 nĂŁo apresentou aderĂȘncia. Os grupos 1 e 2 apresentaram aderĂȘncia na superfĂ­cie da prĂłtese, omento, fĂ­gado e alça intestinal. Foram encontradas aderĂȘncias grau 1 e 2 em 100% do grupo polipropileno revestida com ĂĄcido graxo ĂŽmega-3 e em 60% do grupo polipropileno. As demais eram aderĂȘncias grau 3, e diferiram significativamente entre os grupos (p< 0,001). A força de ruptura da aderĂȘncia na tela polipropileno revestida com ĂĄcido graxo ĂŽmega-3 foi significativamente maior do que na tela de polipropileno (p= 0,016). NĂŁo houve diferença na retração das telas ou superfĂ­cie acometida pelas telas. A anĂĄlise da tela revestida com ĂĄcido graxo ĂŽmega-3 demonstrou distribuição preferencialmente nas bordas em relação ao polipropileno, com predomĂ­nio no centro. CONCLUSÃO: O tipo de aderĂȘncia, percentual de superfĂ­cie acometida e retração nĂŁo foram significativamente diferentes entre as telas. A tela de baixo peso apresentou menor grau de aderĂȘncias, e, estas, necessitaram força maior para ruptura, possivelmente pelo predomĂ­nio de sua ocorrĂȘncia nas bordas da tela
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