Global respiratory syncytial virus–related infant community deaths

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric death, with >99% of mortality occurring in low- and lower middle-income countries. At least half of RSV-related deaths are estimated to occur in the community, but clinical characteristics of this group of children remain poorly characterized. Methods The RSV Global Online Mortality Database (RSV GOLD), a global registry of under-5 children who have died with RSV-related illness, describes clinical characteristics of children dying of RSV through global data sharing. RSV GOLD acts as a collaborative platform for global deaths, including community mortality studies described in this supplement. We aimed to compare the age distribution of infant deaths <6 months occurring in the community with in-hospital. Results We studied 829 RSV-related deaths <1 year of age from 38 developing countries, including 166 community deaths from 12 countries. There were 629 deaths that occurred <6 months, of which 156 (25%) occurred in the community. Among infants who died before 6 months of age, median age at death in the community (1.5 months; IQR: 0.8−3.3) was lower than in-hospital (2.4 months; IQR: 1.5−4.0; P < .0001). The proportion of neonatal deaths was higher in the community (29%, 46/156) than in-hospital (12%, 57/473, P < 0.0001). Conclusions We observed that children in the community die at a younger age. We expect that maternal vaccination or immunoprophylaxis against RSV will have a larger impact on RSV-related mortality in the community than in-hospital. This case series of RSV-related community deaths, made possible through global data sharing, allowed us to assess the potential impact of future RSV vaccines

Caracterización de los resultados adversos maternos y neonatales luego de operación cesárea en la E.S.E. Clínica de Maternidad Rafael Calvo

Revista Ciencias Biomédicas Vol.6, Núm.2 (2015) Pag 241 - 250Introducción: la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda que la incidencia de cesárea no supere el 15%; sin embargo, su uso se ha incrementado en las dos últimas décadas, lo cual implica un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: caracterizar los resultados adversos maternos y neonatales de la cesárea en la Clínica Maternidad Rafael Calvo (CMRC) de Cartagena Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, donde se caracterizaron los resultados adversos maternos y neonatales posteriores a cesárea. Resultados: se realizaron 1.804 cesáreas (46.5%) y 2.073 partos vaginales (53.5%). Las indicaciones más frecuentes para cesárea fueron cesárea anterior (35.5%), desproporción céfalo pélvica (30.6%) y oligoamnios (10.8%). Los resultados adversos maternos más frecuentes fueron hemorragia que requirió transfusión (9.17%), hematoma en la herida quirúrgica (3.28%) e ingreso a UCI (1.5%). Los resultados neonatales adversos más frecuentes fueron APGAR<7 a los 5´ (4.3%)El control prenatal (CNP) fue factor protector para hemorragia uterina que requirió transfusión (OR crudo 0.54, IC 0.38 – 0.76, OR ajustado 0.53 IC 0.38 – 0.76), hemorragia uterina que requirió histerectomía (OR crudo 0.20, IC 0.01 - 0.72, OR ajustado 0.11, IC 0.11 – 0.72), shock obstétrico (OR crudo 0.06, IC 0.00 – 0.55, OR ajustado, 0.04, IC 0.04 – 0.38) y destino (alojamiento conjunto) (OR ajustado 0.66 IC 0.49 – 0.90), APGAR <7 a 1’ (OR ajustado 0.78, IC, 0.44 – 0.72), APGAR <7 a los 5’(OR ajustado 0.48, IC 0.28 – 0.82) y la presencia de síndrome de distrés respiratorio (OR crudo 0.28, IC, 0.15 – 0.51; OR ajustado 0.53, IC 0.28 – 0.98) Conclusiones: la proporción de cesáreas que se realizan en la CMRC (46,5%) es superior al 15% recomendado por la OMS. La operación cesárea conlleva al aumento de morbilidad materno- fetal. El CNP se comportó como factor protector frente a la aparición de resultados adversos maternos y neonatales

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion: Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)