108 research outputs found
High-Intensity Interval Circuit Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Functional Ability and Body Mass Index in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The literature suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) to improve functional ability. However, there is no evidence on including HIIT in a circuit programme (HIICT). Our objective was to determine what type of training (HIICT or MICT) induces greater adaptations in the functional ability and body mass index of middle-aged and older women. The study used a quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial with 54 participants (age = 67.8 ± 6.2 years). Participants were randomly allocated to HIICT (n = 18), MICT (n = 18) or a non-exercise control group (CG; n = 18). The participants in the HIICT or MICT groups trained twice a week (1 h/session) for 18 weeks. Forty-one subjects were analysed (HIICT; n = 17, MICT; n = 12, CG; n = 12). Five subjects presented adverse events during the study. Strength, gait, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and body mass index were measured. A significant training x group interaction was found in the arm curl test, where HIICT was statistically better than MICT and CG. Likewise, HIICT was statistically better than the CG in the BMI interaction. In lower limb strength, gait/dynamic balance and cardiorespiratory fitness, both HIICT and MICT were statistically better than the CG. In conclusion, HIICT generated better adaptations in upper limb strength than MICT. Likewise, HIICT generated better adaptations in body mass index than CG. Finally, both HIICT and MICT had a similar influence on strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and gait/dynamic balance
Effects of whole-body vibration training in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS is characterised by nerve demyelination that can alter nerve transmission and lead to such symptoms as fatigue, muscle weakness, and impaired motor function. There are 47 000 people with MS in Spain. Vibration training can be an effective and complementary alternative to traditional exercise to treat patients with MS. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of vibration training programmes in patients with MS.
Development
We searched 5 electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, SciELO, Lilacs, IBECS, and ISI Web of Knowledge) in August 2015. By using a set of keywords, we found studies linking vibration training and MS and included randomised controlled trials that applied vibration training to patients with MS. Our search yielded 71 studies. Only 9 of them were included after removing duplicate studies and those which were not relevant according to our selection criteria. These studies obtained different outcomes.
Conclusions
Some studies found improvements in muscle strength, functional capacity, coordination, resistance, balance, and some areas of MSSS-88. However, we identified limitations in some of these studies and there are still few publications on vibration training and multiple sclerosis to ensure training effectiveness.Actividad Física y Deport
Effects of 24 Weeks of Whole Body Vibration Versus Multicomponent Training on Muscle Strength and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The purposes of this study were to analyze the impact of 24 weeks of vibratory and multicomponent training (MT) and to determine what type of training creates greater adaptations on body composition and isokinetic strength of the knee and ankle joints in postmenopausal women. Thirty-eight women (60.0 ± 6.3 years) were randomly assigned to whole body vibration group (WBVG), multicomponent training group (MTG), or a control group. A significant decrease in total fat mass was observed in experimental groups. There were no changes in total lean mass and total bone mineral density in both groups. WBVG and MTG showed significant increases in isokinetic strength for knee extensors at 60°/s and at 270°/s. Regarding the ankle joint, there were significant increments in strength for plantar flexion at 60°/s in WBVG and at 120°/s in the two trainings groups. MTG showed a significant increase in strength for dorsiflexion at 60°/s. With respect to eversion and inversion, WBVG and MTG improved strength at 60°/s. Also, the WBVG showed increased strength in the ankle evertors at 120°/s and both groups showed increased strength in the ankle invertors at 120°/s. Twenty-four weeks of whole body vibration or MTs result in positive modifications in total fat mass. These trainings are effective in improving knee extension and stabilizer muscles of the ankle joint strength.Actividad Física y Deport
Efectos sobre la composición corporal y la densidad mineral ósea de un programa de altitud simulada en triatletas
Introduction: body composition is an important factor
to improve athletic performance. Futhermore, bone
mineral density informs about the bone stiffness of the
skeletal system.
Objective: the aim of the present research was
to analyze modifications on body composition and
bone mineral density parameters after a seven week
intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) program.
Methods: eighteen male trained triathletes were divided
in two groups: an intermittent hypoxia training group
(GIHT: n: 9; 26.0 ± 6.7 years; 173.3 ± 5.9 cm; 66.4 ± 5.9
kg; VO2 max: 59.5 ± 5.0 ml/kg/min) that conducted
a normoxic training plus an IHT and a control group
(GC: n: 9; 29.3 ± 6.8 years; 174.9 ± 4.6 cm; 59.7 ± 6.8
kg; VO2 max: 58.9 ± 4.5 ml/kg/min) that performed only
a normoxic training. Training process was standardized
across the two groups. The IHT program consisted on
two 60 minutes sessions per week at intensities over the
anaerobic threshold and atmospheric conditions between
14.5 and 15% FiO2. Results: Before and after the seven
week training, body composition and bone mineral
density were analyzed. After this training program, the
GIHT showed lower values in free fat mass in upper
limbs and fat mass in lower limbs (p < 0.05) than before
the program. In terms of bone mineral density variables,
between the two groups no changes were found.
Conclusion: the addition of an IHT program to
normoxic training caused an improvement in body
composition parameters compared to similar training
under normoxic conditions.Actividad Física y Deport
Effects of Resistance Circuit-Based Training on Body Composition, Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
We assessed the effects of resistance circuit-based training (CT) on strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in three databases, ending on March, 2020. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the effects of pre–post-intervention CT and differences from control groups (CG). Of the 830 studies found, 45 were included in the meta-analysis (58 experimental groups (n = 897) and 34 CG (n = 474)). The CT interventions led to increases in muscle mass (1.9%; p < 0.001) and decreases in fat mass (4.3%; p < 0.001). With regard to cardiorespiratory fitness, CT had a favorable effect on VO2max (6.3%; p < 0.001), maximum aerobic speed or power (0.3%; p = 0.04), and aerobic performance (2.6%; p = 0.006) after training. Concerning strength outcome, the CT increased the strength of the upper and lower extremities. Only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (number of sessions and frequency) and the training status. Moreover, low and moderate intensities and short rest time between exercise increase the magnitude of change in fat mass loss. Therefore, CT has been shown to be an effective method for improving body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength of the lower and upper limbs
Intermittent hypoxic training and cycling performance in triathletes
Athletes include altitude training as a complement to their conventional training to improve performance. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects on anaerobic threshold (AT) produced by an IHT program in triathletes. 18 male trained triathletes were divided into intermittent hypoxic training group (GIHT: n=9; age: 26±6.73 years, height 173.33±5.94 cm, weight: 66.38±5.91 kg) and control group (GC: n=9; age: 29.27±6.84 years, height 174.89±4.59 cm, weight: 71.59±6.81 kg). The IHT program consisted of two 60-min sessions per week at intensities over the AT and atmospheric conditions between 14.5 and 15% FiO2. Before and after the program, cycling performance in a lactate thresholds test was determined. The treatment caused an improvement in the power output and perceived exertion in AT and enhanced cardiac performance in the aerobic threshold and AT.Actividad Física y Deport
Effects of whole-body vibration training on body composition and physical fitness in recreationally active young adults
In the last decade, it has been suggested that whole- body vibration training (WBV) may increase neuromuscular performance and consequently affect the muscular improvement as either acute response to vibration or chronic adaptation training. Vibrating platforms generate frequencies from 5-45 Hz and vertical oscillations of 1-11 mm peak to peak, affecting more or less intensity acceleration changing by combining frequency and amplitude. Vibration training, in a session as various offers different results in regard to changes in body composition and in increasing the vertical jump, sprint, and the different manifestations of force development. These promising results await further research to establish parameters (duration, frequency and amplitude) with vibration stimulation in young active subjects. This literature review provides an update on the scientific evidence on the body vibrations in order to answer the question whether WBV, meaning the exercise by increasing the gravitational load collection, is a treatment option if the aim is to improve neuromuscular function, flexibility, balance, agility, coordination and body composition.In the last decade, it has been suggested that whole-body
vibration training (WBV) may increase neuromuscular
performance and consequently affect the muscular
improvement as either acute response to vibration
or chronic adaptation training. Vibrating platforms generate
frequencies from 5-45 Hz and vertical oscillations
of 1-11 mm peak to peak, affecting more or less intensity
acceleration changing by combining frequency and
amplitude. Vibration training, in a session as various
offers different results in regard to changes in body composition
and in increasing the vertical jump, sprint, and
the different manifestations of force development. These
promising results await further research to establish
parameters (duration, frequency and amplitude) with
vibration stimulation in young active subjects.
This literature review provides an update on the scientific
evidence on the body vibrations in order to answer
the question whether WBV, meaning the exercise by increasing
the gravitational load collection, is a treatment
option if the aim is to improve neuromuscular function,
flexibility, balance, agility, coordination and body composition.Actividad Física y Deport
The efficacy of resistance training in hypoxia to enhance strength and muscle growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Recent studies have reported that resistance training in hypoxia (RTH) may augment muscle size and strength development. However, consensus on the effects of RTH via systematic review and meta-analysis is not yet available. This work aimed to systematically review studies which have investigated using RTH versus normoxic resistance training (NRT) to improve muscular size and strength, and to perform a meta-analysis to determine the effect of RTH on these adaptive parameters. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception until 17 June 2017 for original articles assessing the effects of RTH on muscle size and strength versus NRT. The effects on outcomes were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD). Nine studies (158 participants) reported on the effects of RTH versus NRT for muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) (n = 4) or strength (n = 6). RTH significantly increased CSA (SMD = 0.70, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.05, 1.35; p = .04) and strength (SMD = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.20, 2.56; p < .00001). However, RTH did not produce significant change in CSA (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI -0.19, 0.68, p = .27) or strength (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI = -0.27, 0.78; p = .23) when compared to NRT. Although RTH improved muscle size and strength, this protocol did not provide significant benefit over resistance training in normoxia. Nevertheless, this paper identified marked differences in methodologies for implementing RTH, and future research using standardized protocols is therefore warranted.Actividad Física y Deport
Effects of 12 weeks of whole body vibration vs. multi-component training in postmenopausal women
The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of two different training protocols
(vibratory platform and multi-component training) and to determine what kind of
training creates greater adaptations on bone density, and isokinetic strength of the
knee extensors and the stabilizer muscles of the ankle joint in postmenopausal
women. Thirty-eight women (59.8 ± 6.2 years) were randomly assigned to whole
body vibration group (WBVG), multi-component training group (MTG), or a control
group (CG). The experimental groups performed an incremental training for 12
weeks, 3 sessions/week. Significant differences were found in total fat mass and
total lean mass in the training groups. In addition, both WBVG and MTG showed
significant increases in isokinetic strength for knee extensors at 60º·s-1
and at
270º·s-1
. With respect to ankle joint, a significant increase for eversion at 60º·s-1
and inversion at 60º·s-1 was found in both the training groups, and eversion at
120º·s-1 only in WBVG (p = 0.012). There were no significant differences between
WBVG and MTG in knee and ankle strength tests. Therefore, we have found
significant adaptations to whole body vibration and multi-component training in the
present study. However, the improvements were similar for both groups and we
cannot claim that WBVG is better than MTG, or viceversaActividad Física y Deport
Effects of multicomponent training on lean and bone mass in postmenopausal and older women: a systematic review.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this systematic review was to update and examine to what extent multicomponent training interventions could improve lean and bone mass at different anatomical regions of the body in postmenopausal and older women.
METHODS:
A computerized literature search was performed in the following online databases: PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Knowledge. The search was performed to include articles up until February 2017. The methodological quality of selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.
RESULTS:
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies examining the effects of combined training methods in postmenopausal and older women showed contrasting results, possibly due to the wide range of the participants' age, the evaluation of different regions, and the varying characteristics of the training methods between studies. Overall, it appears that exercise modes that combine resistance, weight-bearing training, and impact-aerobic activities can increase or prevent muscle and skeletal mass loss during the ageing process in women.
CONCLUSIONS:
Further studies are needed to identify the optimal multicomponent training protocols, specifically the training loads that will improve lean and bone mass at different anatomical locations, in postmenopausal and older women.Actividad Física y Deport
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