21 research outputs found

    Más allá del cristianismo: Un análisis multicausal de la rebelión de Shimabara, 1637-1638

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    The Shimabara rebellion is commonly considered as a Christian insurrection. However, the motives that led the people from Shimabara and its surroundings to uprising go beyond religious matters. The relation between the people with the daimyo and the high taxes they latter demanded, combined with general famine product of poor harvests, were added to the religious persecution the Shogunate propelled to counter foreign influence in Japan, particularly the Portuguese influence. These factors led a group of peasants and ronin to rise in arms, initiating a revolt that went down in history as the most serious armed conflict the Japanese government faced during the Tokugawa era. This article addresses separately the principal actors involved in the rebellion, which were the rebels, the government and the foreign powers, emphasizing among the latter the role of the Catholic Church and the Dutch. The role each one of these actors played, their particular interest and their points of view become highly important elements that allow us understand in a broader sense what the Shimabara rebellion was.La rebelión de Shimabara es comúnmente considerada como una insurrección cristiana. Sin embargo, las motivaciones que llevaron a los pobladores de Shimabara y sus alrededores a sublevarse van más allá de un conflicto religioso. La relación del pueblo con los daimyo y los altos impuestos que éstos le exigían, aunados a la hambruna generalizada producto de las malas cosechas, se sumaron a la persecución religiosa que el shogunato impulsaba para contrarrestar la influencia extranjera en Japón, particularmente la influencia portuguesa. Estos factores llevaron a grupos de campesinos y ronin a levantarse en armas,dando inicio a una revuelta que pasaría a la historia como el conflicto armado más serio al que se enfrentó el Gobierno japonés durante la era Tokugawa. El presente artículo aborda por separado a los principales actores involucrados en la rebelión, siendo éstos los rebeldes, el shogunato y las potencias extranjeras, resaltando entre estas últimas el papel de la Iglesia católica y los holandeses. El papel que desempeñaron cada uno de estos actores, sus intereses particulares y sus puntos de vista se convierten en elementos de suma importancia que nos permiten entender más ampliamente lo que fue la rebelión de Shimabara.

    Singlet fission in pentacene dimers

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    Singlet fission (SF) has the potential to supersede the traditional solar energy conversion scheme by means of boosting the photon-to-current conversion efficiencies beyond the 30% Shockley–Queisser limit. Here, we show unambiguous and compelling evidence for unprecedented intramolecular SF within regioisomeric pentacene dimers in room-temperature solutions, with observed triplet quantum yields reaching as high as 156 ± 5%. Whereas previous studies have shown that the collision of a photoexcited chromophore with a ground-state chromophore can give rise to SF, here we demonstrate that the proximity and sufficient coupling through bond or space in pentacene dimers is enough to induce intramolecular SF where two triplets are generated on one molecule

    Planeación jurídica para prevención de riesgos en empresas tecnológicas

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    Proyecto de Aplicación Profesional que tuvo como objetivo brindar asesorías legales y soporte a las empresas de tecnología pertenecientes al Centro para la Gestión de la Innovación y la Tecnología (CEGINT) del ITESO, y ayudarlas a obtener certeza jurídica en el desempeño de sus labores

    Solution-based intramolecular singlet fission in cross-conjugated pentacene dimers

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    We show unambiguous and compelling evidence by means of pump–probe experiments, which are complemented by calculations using ab initio multireference perturbation theory, for intramolecular singlet fission (SF) within two synthetically tailored pentacene dimers with cross-conjugation, namely XC1 and XC2. The two pentacene dimers differ in terms of electronic interactions as evidenced by perturbation of the ground state absorption spectra stemming from stronger through-bond contributions in XC1 as confirmed by theory. Multiwavelength analysis, on one hand, and global analysis, on the other hand, confirm that the rapid singlet excited state decay and triplet excited state growth relate to SF. SF rate constants and quantum yields increase with solvent polarity. For example, XC2 reveals triplet quantum yields and rate constants as high as 162 ± 10% and (0.7 ± 0.1) × 1012 s−1, respectively, in room temperature solutions
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