Genetic differentiation between two geographic subpopulations of Bermeya goat

Ponencia publicada en ITEA, vol.104Este trabajo es un análisis preliminar de la diversidad y grado de diferenciación genética entre las subpoblaciones Oriental y Occidental de la cabra de raza Bermeya de Asturias. Se han genotipado 27 microsatélites en 122 individuos pertenecientes a las poblaciones de cabra Bermeya Oriental, Bermeya Occidental, del Guadarrama, Alpine y Saanen. Las poblaciones de raza Bermeya presentaron heterocigosis esperadas menores de 0,6 y coascendencias moleculares dentro de población de 0,419, reflejando una alta identidad genética entre individuos. Asimismo, el número medio de alelos por locus, ajustado por el tamaño muestral, de las poblaciones Bermeya Oriental y Occidental fueron los menores encontrados (3,8 y 3,9, respectivamente). La mayor coascendencia molecular se encontró entre las poblaciones Bermeya Oriental-Guadarrama (0,388 ± 0,006), como consecuencia de la introgresión, en el Oriente asturiano de individuos de tipo Pirenáico. Este parámetro entre las poblaciones de Bermeya Oriental y Occidental fue de 0,371 ± 0,007. Puede ser necesario establecer estrategias de conservación diferenciadas para las dos poblaciones geográficas de cabra Bermeya.Two geographic subpopulations (Eastern and Western) of the Asturian Bermeya goat were analysed using 27 microsatellites. A total of 122 individuals of Bermeya, Guadarrama, Alpine and Saanen goat breeds were genotyped. The Eastern and Western Bermeya subpopulations had expected heterozygosity values lower than 0.6 and within-subpopulations molecular coancestry values of 0.419, thus illustrating a high between individuals genetic identity. The rarefacted average number of alleles per locus found in both the Eastern and the Western Bermeya subpopulations were the lowest in the dataset (3.8 and 3.9, respectively). The higher between-populations molecular coancestry values was found for the pair Eastern Bermeya-Guadarrama (0.388 ± 0.006), thus reflecting the introgression of the Pyrenean-type goat into Eastern Asturias. This parameter between the two Bermeya subpopulations was of 0.371 ± 0.007. It could be recommended the implementation of different conservation strategies for each of the geographic subpopulations of Bermeya goat

The usefulness of artificial intelligence techniques to assess subjective quality of products in the food industry

In this paper we advocate the application of Artificial Intelligence techniques to quality assessment of food products. Machine Learning algorithms can help us to: (a) extract operative human knowledge from a set of examples; (b) conclude interpretable rules for classifying samples regardless of the non-linearity of the human behaviour or process; and (c) help us to ascertain the degree of influence of each objective attribute of the assessed food on the final decision of an expert. We illustrate these topics with an example of how it is possible to clone the behaviour of bovine carcass classifiers, leading to possible further industrial application

Evolution of the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID national registry

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID- 19 Registry from March to November 2020. Results: CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years; p < 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%; p < 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%; p < 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL; p < 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236- 996) µg/dL; p < 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) µg/dL; p < 0.001), and lower Sp02/Fi02 (266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101); p < 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September; p < 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%. Conclusions: Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Mortality causes in free-ranging eurasian brown bears (ursus arctos arctos) in Spain 1998-2018

10 páginas, 2 figuras, 4 tablas.This work summarizes the mortality cases of twenty-five free-ranging Eurasian wild brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos) from the Cantabrian mountain range submitted for necropsy in Asturias and Castilla y León (northwestern Spain) from 1998 to 2018. Mortality cases were classified both caused by (i) “non-human intervention” or “human intervention” causes and based on (ii) “non-infectious” or “infectious” etiology. In four cases (16%) it was not possible to determine the cause of death due to the inadequate preservation of collected specimens or insufficient tissue availability. Based on “non-human intervention” or “human intervention” causes, fourteen of the 21 (66.7%) brown bears died as a consequence of “non-human intervention” due to traumatic lesions (fights, unknown traumas or infanticide), infectious canine hepatitis, neoplasia or mushroom poisoning. In contrast, seven (33.3%) brown bears died by “human intervention” due to illegal hunting (shooting or snare), handling (during transit in an attempt to reintroduce a bear back into the wild) or strychnine poisoning. Based on “non-infectious” or “infectious” etiology, twelve of the 21 (57.1%) brown bears died due to “non-infectious” causes, namely traumatic lesions such as shooting, snare, fighting or infanticide, handling, strychnine poisoning, mushroom poisoning or neoplasia. The remaining nine (42.9%) animals died due to “infectious” diseases which included gangrenous myositis, infectious canine hepatitis or septicemia. In six of those cases traumatic lesions caused by non-human or human activities were complicated with bacterial infection (clostridiosis and septicemia) which finally caused the death of those animals. Additionally, exertional myopathy was observed in the handled animal and in one bear found in a snare. In a free-ranging population of Eurasian brown bear from the Cantabrian mountain range, main causes of death are attributed to non-human related traumatic lesions and infectious diseases (primary developed such as infectious canine hepatitis or secondary developed such as clostridiosis or septicemia) which is in contrast to previously reported data for other bear populations. These data are valuable and may help in the conservation and management of this recovering population.This work was partially supported by the Principado de Asturias, PCTI 2018–220 (GRUPIN: IDI2018-000237 and FEDER)

Caracterización de las explotaciones de cabra de raza bermaya de Asturias

Resumen de la comunicación presentada al III Congreso Ibérico sobre Recursos Genéticos Animale

Certification of raw milk produced based on pasture and fodder using mirna: preliminary results

La cornisa Cantábrica y Galicia cuentan con unas condiciones edafoclimáticas que la dotan de una gran capacidad potencial para la producción de pastos y forrajes utilizables para la alimentación del ganado lechero, lo que la diferencia del resto de territorios en España.Trabajo financiado por el proyecto INIA RTA2014-00086-C03-02, cofinanciado con fondos FEADER. Loubna Abou El Qassim es beneficiaria de una beca CIHEAM/IAMZ.Publishe

Diversidad filogenética como método de utilidad en programas de conservación de recursos genéticos ganaderos

Phylogenetic diversity as a tool in conservation of animal genetic resources The aim of this note is to overview the characteristics of the Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) method in order to quantify genetic diversity in animal genetic resources conservation programs. The PD method performance has been compared with that of the Weitzman approach on a dataset consisting in 398 individuals belonging to 11 Spanish sheep breeds that were genotyped for a set of 14 microsatellites. Results from the PD and the Weitzman methods are similar. However, the PD method is less computing intensive thus allowing for its use at individual level. Moreover the PD does not need the assumption of ultrametricity of the distances. The use of the PD method in livestock conservation programs can be advanteageous with respect the Weitzman approach.El objetivo de esta nota es revisar las características de la metodología de cuantificación de la diversidad conocida como diversidad filogenética (PD), para evaluar su utilización en programas de conservación de recursos genéticos animales. El parámetro PD es uno de los más utilizados en estudios ecológicos pero no se ha utilizado en ganadería. Se ha comparado el rendimiento del método PD con el método filogenético de Weitzman y se ha aplicado a un conjunto de datos consistente en 398 individuos de 11 razas ovinas españolas genotipados para una batería de 14 marcadores microsatélite. Los resultados del método de Weitzman y el método PD tienden a ser similares en los extremos de la ordenación de las razas a efectos de su importancia en la conservación. Sin embargo, el método PD es más sencillo y rápido de calcular, permitiendo su uso rutinario a nivel individual y, además, no asume, al contrario del método de Weitzman, que las distancias deban ser ultramétricas. La utilización del parámetro PD en programas de conservación puede ser ventajosa respecto del método de Weitzman

Una nota sobre WinLoki: una interfaz de usuario para Loki

WinLoki is a graphical interface under Microsoft Windows® for the Simon Heath’s program Loki. This program uses Bayesian methodologies to carry out QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) mapping analyses giving estimates of the position, effect and number of QTLs involved. WinLoki shares with Loki its nice characteristics and has some useful utilities in a Windows® environment. The aim of WinLoki is to help researchers to the use of Loki without needing significant informatics background. The source code, executable files and user’s guides (in Spanish and English versions) are freely available at http://winloki. sourceforge.net/. The performance of WinLoki is illustrated via the analysis of a half-daughter pedigree of Spanish Friesian cattle on bovine chromosome 6 for the traits Fore Teat Placement and Rear Teat Placement.WinLoki es una interfaz gráfica en entorno Microsoft Windows® para el programa Loki, originalmente desarrollado por Simon Heath bajo licencia libre. Este programa utiliza metodologías bayesianas para localización de QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) estimando su posición, efectos y número. WinLoki hereda todas las características de Loki e incorpora otras utilidades enfocadas a facilitar su uso en entorno Microsoft Windows® con el objetivo de ayudar a los investigadores que no dispongan de amplios conocimientos informáticos o de programación y estén acostumbrados a utilizar Windows como sistema operativo. El código fuente del programa WinLoki, los archivos ejecutables y las guías de usuario en versiones española e inglesa, se encuentran disponibles y para libre acceso en la página de Internet http://winloki.sourceforge.net/. Como ejemplo del funcionamiento de WinLoki se analizó un pedigrí de medio hermanas de padre, de ganado Frisón Español para los caracteres Colocación de Pezones Anteriores y Colocación de Pezones Posteriores en el cromosoma 6 bovin