1,307 research outputs found
Transnational organizing: a case study of contract workers in the Colombian mining industry
This article examines recent organizing successes in the Carbones del CerrejΓ³n coal mine, reversing the organizational crisis of the Colombian mining union, Sintracarbon. Using Wever's concept of βfield-enlarging strategiesβ, we argue that these events were facilitated by the dissemination of organizing experiences between affiliates of a Global Union Federation, International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions (ICEM), which recently merged to form IndustriALL. Additionally, we argue that this articulation between international and national unions, based on the principle of subsidiarity, was facilitated through sustained ICEM educational project activity, providing multiple entry points for Sintracarbon to operationalize its strategy and re-establish bargaining with multinational employers
Liraglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes : a single technology appraisal
This paper presents a summary of the Evidence Review Group (ERG) report into the clinical
effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of liraglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus,
based upon the manufacturerβs submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The manufacturer
proposed the use of liraglutide as a second or third drug in patients with type 2 diabetes whose
glycaemic control was unsatisfactory with metformin, with or without a second oral glucoselowering
drug. The submission included six manufacturer-sponsored trials that compared the
efficacy of liraglutide against other glucose-lowering agents. Not all of the trials were relevant to the decision problem. The most relevant were Liraglutide Effects and Actions in Diabetes 5
(LEAD-5) (liraglutide used as part of triple therapy and compared against insulin glargine) and
LEAD-6 [liraglutide in triple therapy compared against another glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
agonist, exenatide]. Five of the six trials were published in full and one was then unpublished.
Two doses of liraglutide, 1.2 and 1.8 mg, were used in some trials but in the two comparisons
in triple therapy, against glargine and exenatide, only the 1.8-mg dose was used. Liraglutide
in both doses was found to be clinically effective in lowering blood glucose concentration
[glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)], reducing weight (unlike other glucose-lowering agents, such
as sulphonylureas, glitazones and insulins, which cause weight gain) and also reducing systolic
blood pressure (SBP). Hypoglycaemia was uncommon. The ERG carried out meta-analyses
comparing the 1.2- and 1.8-mg doses of liraglutide, which suggested that there was no difference
in control of diabetes, and only a slight difference in weight loss, insufficient to justify the extra
cost
Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women in Canada and Governmental Response
The following is a meta-analysis literature review based on organizational reports, government documents, and statistical reports. The literature review has a focus on the governmental response to missing and murdered Indigenous women. The research question at hand was if the current governmental response through direct actions from the federal government and branches related to the federal government were effective in intervening in and preventing murdered and missing Indigenous women. The research briefly goes over findings from both Royal Canadian Mounted Police Commissions, calls to actions from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, and action from the federal governments of past Prime Minister Stephen Harper, and current Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. It was concluded that there was not a significant response to effectively combat murdered and missing Indigenous women. Keywords: Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women, Indigenous, Colonialis
Evidence review : liraglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of liraglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, based upon the manufacturerβs submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal process. The manufacturer proposed the use of liraglutide as a second or third drug in patients with type 2 diabetes whose glycaemic control was unsatisfactory with metformin, with or without a second oral glucose-lowering drug. The submission included six manufacturer-sponsored trials that compared the efficacy of liraglutide against other glucose-lowering agents. Not all of the trials were relevant to the decision problem. The most relevant were Liraglutide Effects and Actions in Diabetes 5 (LEAD-5) (liraglutide used as part of triple therapy and compared against insulin glargine) and LEAD-6 [liraglutide in triple therapy compared against another glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, exenatide]. Five of the six trials were published in full and one was then unpublished. Two doses of liraglutide, 1.2 and 1.8 mg, were used in some trials, but in the two comparisons in triple therapy, against glargine and exenatide, only the 1.8-mg dose was used. Liraglutide in both doses was found to be clinically effective in lowering blood glucose concentration [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)], reducing weight (unlike other glucose-lowering agents, such as sulphonylureas, glitazones and insulins, which cause weight gain) and also reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP). Hypoglycaemia was uncommon. The ERG carried out meta-analyses comparing the 1.2- and 1.8-mg doses of liraglutide, which suggested that there was no difference in control of diabetes, and only a slight difference in weight loss, insufficient to justify the extra cost. The cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out using the Center for Outcomes Research model. The health benefit was reported as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The manufacturer estimated the cost-effectiveness to be Β£15,130 per QALY for liraglutide 1.8 mg compared with glargine, Β£10,054 per QALY for liraglutide 1.8 mg compared with exenatide, Β£10,465 per QALY for liraglutide 1.8 mg compared with sitagliptin, and Β£9851 per QALY for liraglutide 1.2 mg compared with sitagliptin. The ERG conducted additional sensitivity analyses and concluded that the factors that carried most weight were:
in the comparison with glargine, the direct utility effects of body mass index (BMI) changes and SBP, with some additional contribution from HbA1c
in the comparison with exenatide, HbA1c, with some additional effects from cholesterol and triglycerides
in the comparison with sitagliptin, HbA1c and direct utility effects of BMI changes.
The European Medicines Agency has approved liraglutide in dual therapy with other oral glucose-lowering agents. NICE guidance recommends the use of liraglutide 1.2 mg in triple therapy when glycaemic control remains or becomes inadequate with a combination of two oral glucose-lowering drugs. The use of liraglutide 1.2 mg in a dual therapy is indicated only in patients who are intolerant of, or have contraindications to, three oral glucose-lowering drugs. The use of liraglutide 1.8 mg was not approved by NICE. The ERG recommends research into the (currently unlicensed) use of liraglutide in combination with long-acting insulin
ERPs and task effects in the auditory processing of gender agreement and semantics in French
We investigated task effects on violation ERP responses to Noun-Adjective gender
mismatches and lexical/conceptual semantic mismatches in a combined auditory/visual
paradigm in French. Participants listened to sentences while viewing pictures of objects.
This paradigm was designed to investigate language processing in special populations (e.g.,
children) who may not be able to read or to provide stable behavioral judgment data. Our
main goal was to determine how ERP responses to our target violations might differ
depending on whether participants performed a judgment task (Task) versus listening for
comprehension (No-Task). Characterizing the influence of the presence versus absence of
judgment tasks on violation ERP responses allows us to meaningfully interpret data obtained
using this paradigm without a behavioral task and relate them to judgment-based paradigms
in the ERP literature. We replicated previously observed ERP patterns for semantic and
gender mismatches, and found that the task especially affected the later P600 component
The temporal dynamics of inflected word recognition: a masked ERP priming study of French verbs
Morphological aspects of human language processing have been suggested by some to be
reducible to the combination of orthographic and semantic effects, while others propose that
morphological structure is represented separately from semantics and orthography and
involves distinct neuro-cognitive processing mechanisms. Here we used event-related brain
potentials (ERPs) to investigate semantic, morphological and formal (orthographic)
processing conjointly in a masked priming paradigm. We directly compared morphological to
both semantic and formal/orthographic priming (shared letters) on verbs. Masked priming
was used to reduce strategic effects related to prime perception and to suppress semantic
priming effects. The three types of priming led to distinct ERP and behavioural patterns:
semantic priming was not found, while formal and morphological priming resulted in
diverging ERP patterns. These results are consistent with models of lexical processing that
make reference to morphological structure. We discuss how they fit in with the existing
literature and how unresolved issues could be addressed in further studies
Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and economic evaluation, of denosumab for the treatment of bone metastases from solid tumours
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