La reconstitution du périmètre des paroisses : l’exemple mauricien de trois paroisses seigneuriales

Les recherches de notre groupe sur la dynamique sociale de la société mauricienne depuis les années 1850 ont d'abord nécessité la restitution des périmètres paroissiaux pour le dix-neuvième siècle. Pour ce faire, la reconstitution des limites de trois paroisses des vallées champlainoises et batiscanaises, La Visitation-de-Champlain, Saint-Stanislas et Saint-Tite, illustre notre démarche.In Québec, changes in the boundaries of parish territories during the nineteenth century, are a stumbling block for historical research, since social history needs both statistical support and a well defined territorial basis. For the 1833-1870 period, archives, land subdivision and municipal maps are useful documents to retrace former boundaries. By way of illustration, we chose, in the seigniorial area, the reconstruction of boundaries for three Mauricie parishes, La Visitation-de-Champlain, Saint-Stanislas and Saint-Tite

Alien Registration- Roy, Marie Louise (Waterville, Kennebec County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/14809/thumbnail.jp

Impact of Different Fecal Processing Methods on Assessments of Bacterial Diversity in the Human Intestine.

The intestinal microbiota are integral to understanding the relationships between nutrition and health. Therefore, fecal sampling and processing protocols for metagenomic surveys should be sufficiently robust, accurate, and reliable to identify the microorganisms present. We investigated the use of different fecal preparation methods on the bacterial community structures identified in human stools. Complete stools were collected from six healthy individuals and processed according to the following methods: (i) randomly sampled fresh stool, (ii) fresh stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, (iii) randomly sampled frozen stool, and (iv) frozen stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, or (v) homogenized in a pneumatic mixer for either 10, 20, or 30 min. High-throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 regions of bacterial community DNA extracted from the stools showed that the fecal microbiota remained distinct between individuals, independent of processing method. Moreover, the different stool preparation approaches did not alter intra-individual bacterial diversity. Distinctions were found at the level of individual taxa, however. Stools that were frozen and then homogenized tended to have higher proportions of Faecalibacterium, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium and decreased quantities of Oscillospira, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides compared to stools that were collected in small quantities and not mixed prior to DNA extraction. These findings indicate that certain taxa are at particular risk for under or over sampling due to protocol differences. Importantly, homogenization by any method significantly reduced the intra-individual variation in bacteria detected per stool. Our results confirm the robustness of fecal homogenization for microbial analyses and underscore the value of collecting and mixing large stool sample quantities in human nutrition intervention studies

Les réseaux de femmes en gestion

Les années 80 ont vu naître au Québec un bon nombre de réseaux de femmes de carrière. Tantôt bien structurés, tantôt plutôt informels, ces réseaux permettent aux femmes qui occupent des postes d’influence de s’apporter mutuellement diverses formes d’appui et de rayonner plus largement auprès des autres femmes. Cette note d’action rappelle d’abord quelques expériences antérieures de réseautage féminin puis elle présente les caractéristiques des regroupements contemporains. Trois réseaux sont décrits plus en profondeur par l’une de leurs membres : Les filles du Ritz (maintenant appelées « Les amies d’affaires »), le réseau International Women’s Forum et l’Association des femmes en finance du Québec. Des réflexions générales sont tirées de ces histoires de cas qui peuvent inciter les jeunes femmes à participer activement à des réseaux existants ou à créer elles-mêmes de nouveaux groupes.The 80’s have seen the rise in Quebec of a great number of networks of career women. Sometimes well structured, sometimes rather informal, these networks allow women who hold down a job of influence to bring each other diverse forms of support and to reach out to the other women. This action report foremostly recalls past experiences of feminine networking then presents contemporary gathering attributes. Three networks are portrayed in depth by one of their members: « Les filles du Ritz » (now called « Les amies d’affaires »), the International Women’s Forum network and the Financial Women’s Association of Quebec. General reflections are drawn from these stories that may prompt young women to create new groups and to actively participate in existing networks

Applying evidence-based medicine in general practice : a video-stimulated interview study on workplace-based observation

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) in general practice involves applying a complex combination of best-available evidence, the patient's preferences and the general practitioner's (GP) clinical expertise in decision-making. GPs and GP trainees learn how to apply EBM informally by observing each other's consultations, as well as through more deliberative forms of workplace-based learning. This study aims to gain insight into workplace-based EBM learning by investigating the extent to which GP supervisors and trainees recognise each other's EBM behaviour through observation, and by identifying aspects that influence their recognition. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative multicentre study based on video-stimulated recall interviews (VSI) of paired GP supervisors and GP trainees affiliated with GP training institutes in Belgium and the Netherlands. The GP pairs (n = 22) were shown fragments of their own and their partner's consultations and were asked to elucidate their own EBM considerations and the ones they recognised in their partner's actions. The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed with NVivo. By comparing pairs who recognised each other's considerations well with those who did not, we developed a model describing the aspects that influence the observer's recognition of an actor's EBM behaviour. RESULTS: Overall, there was moderate similarity between an actor's EBM behaviour and the observer's recognition of it. Aspects that negatively influence recognition are often observer-related. Observers tend to be judgemental, give unsolicited comments on how they would act themselves and are more concerned with the trainee-supervisor relationship than objective observation. There was less recognition when actors used implicit reasoning, such as mindlines (internalised, collectively reinforced tacit guidelines). Pair-related aspects also played a role: previous discussion of a specific topic or EBM decision-making generally enhanced recognition. Consultation-specific aspects played only a marginal role. CONCLUSIONS: GP trainees and supervisors do not fully recognise EBM behaviour through observing each other's consultations. To improve recognition of EBM behaviour and thus benefit from informal observational learning, observers need to be aware of automatic judgements that they make. Creating explicit learning moments in which EBM decision-making is discussed, can improve shared knowledge and can also be useful to unveil tacit knowledge derived from mindlines