The development of behaviour, particularly play, in young baboons

Baboons were observed in two British safari parks for 15 and 3 months. Quantitative data, on the frequencies of play and non-play motor patterns and on temporal associations between motor patterns, are used to provide a description of behaviour development and to investigate the validity and possible heterogeneity of the play category. Infant development was comparable with that reported elsewhere for caged and wild macaques and baboons. Mothers tended to be restrictive, possibly because of stressful conditions in safari parks. As infants became more independent they increasingly manipulated objects away from their mothers. Object manipulation was mostly nutritional but a measure of extended contact with objects is argued to be an index of investigation or manipulatory practice. There is no strong evidence to suggest this was a form of play. Mobile activity was greatest while infants still associated closely with their mothers who were probably satisfying most of their nutritional needs. Locomotor patterns appeared in play once they were established in the general repertoire; a result contrary to the practice hypothesis of play's function. Measures of play locomotor pattern frequency increased markedly at about 6 months. Playful behaviour may have become more beneficial. At that age the black natal colouration was finally lost; and without the social immunity which it might have afforded, infants more frequently performed potentially disruptive behaviours playfully. The development of play wrestling showed a change from a predominantly clinging to a predominantly manipulative form. This is discussed with reference to exercise regimes, age class of play partners and developing manipulative skills. The composition of play varied according to the difference between partners' ages. Developmental and temporal clusters of motor patterns demonstrate that play, as defined in this study, was a heterogeneous but genuine phenomenon

The Relationship between Student Performance in Technical Courses and Grades in Remedial Courses

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the academic performance of students in technical studies and their grades in remedial courses of study. Data were gathered from students in the Law Enforcement Technology program from the 2013-2014 academic year at a rural community college. This study examined the statistical correlation of the grades of those students who completed Beginning English and Beginning Algebra with those same students who also completed CRJ 1313 Introduction to Criminal Justice and CRJ 1323 Police Administration and Organization. The study utilized a Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson r), and calculations were conducted on the basis of the grades of 45 students in a rural community college in Mississippi who have completed Introduction to Criminal Justice, Police Administration and Organization, Beginning Algebra, and Beginning English during the Academic Year of 2013–2014. Multiple correlations of grades were calculated in Introduction to Criminal Justice, Police Administration and Organization as dependent variables, and in Beginning Algebra and Beginning English as independent variables

Contrasted morphologies of the Western and Eastern Piedmonts of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia

The Mt Lofty Ranges is a horst that evolved in two stages. The western margin developed as part of the South Australian Shatter Belt during the separation of Australia and Antarctica. Gulf St Vincent formed at this time. Though recurrently active the upland dates essentially from the Early Eocene with major uplift in the later Cenozoic. By contrast, the eastern faulted margin postdates the Middle Miocene. Also, whereas the western piedmont and upland were affected by Late Cenozoic sea level changes and all that those imply for river behaviour, the eastern sector was buttressed against such fluctuations by the massive Miocene limestone deposited in the Murray Basin immediately to the east. Consequently, the western piedmont is dominated by alluvial fans, but the eastern is complex, with well-developed scarp-foot depressions, exhumed landforms, and dunefields in some sectors.La cadena montañosa del Monte Lofty es un horst que se originó en dos etapas. Su margen oeste se desarrolló como parte del “Shatter Belt” de Australiadel Sur durante la separación de Australia y la Antártida. El golfo de San Vicente se originó en esa época. Aunque recurrentes en el tiempo, los levantamientos tectónicos se inician esencialmente al inicio del Eoceno y con el mayor ascenso al final del Cenozoico. Por el contrario, el margen fallado del este es al final el Mioceno Medio. Por otra parte, mientras el piedemonte y las zonas levantadas del oeste se vieron afectadas por los cambios del nivel del mar durante el Cenozoico tardío, y lo que ello implicó en el comportamiento de los ríos, el sector este fue protegido de esos cambios por la gran masa de calizas del Mioceno que rellenan la cuenca Murray, inmediatamente al este. Por tanto, el piedemonte oeste está dominado por abanicos aluviales mientras que el del este es complejo, con depresiones de pie de escarpe bien desarrolladas, formas exhumadas y campos de dunas en algunos sectores

Los bolos residuales ¿se deben a la meteorización o a la tectónica? Problemas y sugerencias

[Abstract] Many of the so-called corestones have been developed from rocky blocks that have been apparently affected by subsurface physicochemical weathering that results in lamination, granulation, and eventually a puggy or stiff clay. The truth is that weathering takes advantage of a previous deformation structure and does not create it by weathering.[Resumen] Muchas de los llamados bolos residuales se han desarrollado a partir de bloques rocosos que han sido aparentemente afectados por la meteorización fisicoquímica del subsuelo que da lugar a la laminación, la granulación y, finalmente, a una arcilla rugosa o rígida. Lo cierto es que el desgaste aprovecha una estructura de deformación previa y no la crea por el desgaste

What are the causes of elevated TSH in a newborn?

Congenital hypothyroidism is a critical cause of elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in newborns; evaluate all neonates with an elevated TSH for congenital hypothyroidism (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A). Other causes of an elevated TSH include transient hypothyroidism due to neonatal illness, prematurity, iodine excess or deficiency, and maternal medication or maternal thyroid disease

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR MODELLING: A MYTH OR HEURISTIC DEVICE?

There is confusion in literature as to whether consumer behavior models are myths or heuristic devices. Myths are symbolic tales (believed as true, usually sacred) of the distant past, connected to belief systems or rituals, and may serve to direct social action and values while heuristic device is a provisional and plausible creation whose purpose is to discover the solution of a particular problem at hand. On the other hand, models are theoretical construction and simplified presentation of phenomenon. Notwithstanding the semantics in the definition and description of CB models in the literature, the crux of the matter presents two strange bed fellows: myth and heuristic device, and a number of conundrums are raised: Is it really possible to model a complex, dynamic and unpredictable entity like the consumer? Or is it just a scholarly exercise? To what extent, if necessary, can it help marketers achieve precision in understanding and predicting the customer or consumer behavior? This matter has polarized the scholarly community of marketers for decades. This conceptual paper, therefore, seeks to contribute to this discourse by undertaking an archival survey of the extant literature to look at the two sides of the coins, that is, whether CB is a myth or heuristic device. The study concludes that CB models provide a frame of reference for solving consumer problems and helping to point the way for hypothesis needed for CB theory development. This makes it a heuristic device. The implication is that consumer is at the center of all marketing programmes, scholars and practitioners should understand this and apply it successfully incorporating the views, preferences, feelings, motives and innuendoes of the consumer