Influencia de la fertilización inorgánica sobre la actividad microbiana del suelo

Las mediciones se llevaron a cabo en la campaña 2010/11 en un ensayo en el establecimiento Balducchi, ubicado en la localidad de Teodelina (Santa Fe), que forma parte de la Red de Nutrición CREA Sur de Santa Fe (CREA-IPNI-ASP). En ese ensayo, bajo rotación maíz-trigo/soja, se evalúan, anualmente desde la campaña 2000/01, fertilizaciones con N, P, S y micronutrientes en las siguientes combinaciones: PS, NS, NP, NPS, NPS+Micronutrientes, y Testigo (sin adición de fertilizante) en 3 repeticiones siguiendo un diseño en bloques completos al azar.Según la información obtenida, la actividad microbiana del suelo, medida por la cuantificación del consumo de diversas fuentes de C, fue influenciada por la fertilización inorgánica. De acuerdo al ACP, el tratamiento con nutrición más balanceada (NPS+Micros) registró mayor consumo de sustratos carbonados, que los restantes tratamientos. Según algunos autores, los fertilizantes inorgánicos afectan los parámetros biológicos debido al incremento del contenido de C orgánico del suelo, que determina el crecimiento de los microorganismos, siendo el P un factor clave en el aumento de la diversidad microbiana y fertilidad del suelo. Finalmente, el rendimiento del cultivo también se incrementó en respuesta a la fertilización, en comparación con el Testigo. Existe una compleja interacción entre el nivel óptimo de fertilización, la disponibilidad de nutrientes para el crecimiento de los microorganismos y el buen desarrollo de las plantas. Esto demuestra que son necesarios más estudios para profundizar el conocimiento acerca del efecto de la fertilización inorgánica sobre las funciones metabólicas de la microbiota del suelo.Fil: Conforto, C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Olga Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Rovea, A.. Grupo Crea Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Boxler, M.. Grupo Crea Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Grastorf, S.. Grupo Crea Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Minteguiaga, J.. Grupo Crea Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Meriles, Jose Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): An update on 107 randomized trials and 19,805 patients, on behalf of MACH-NC Group

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy in squamous cell Head and Neck Cancer (MACH-NC) demonstrated that concomitant chemotherapy (CT) improved overall survival (OS) in patients without distant metastasis. We report the updated results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published or unpublished randomized trials including patients with non-metastatic carcinoma randomized between 1965 and 2016 and comparing curative loco-regional treatment (LRT) to LRT + CT or adding another timing of CT to LRT + CT (main question), or comparing induction CT + radiotherapy to radiotherapy + concomitant (or alternating) CT (secondary question) were eligible. Individual patient data were collected and combined using a fixed-effect model. OS was the main endpoint. RESULTS: For the main question, 101 trials (18951 patients, median follow-up of 6.5 years) were analyzed. For both questions, there were 16 new (2767 patients) and 11 updated trials. Around 90% of the patients had stage III or IV disease. Interaction between treatment effect on OS and the timing of CT was significant (p < 0.0001), the benefit being limited to concomitant CT (HR: 0.83, 95%CI [0.79; 0.86]; 5(10)-year absolute benefit of 6.5% (3.6%)). Efficacy decreased as patients age increased (p_trend = 0.03). OS was not increased by the addition of induction (HR = 0.96 [0.90; 1.01]) or adjuvant CT (1.02 [0.92; 1.13]). Efficacy of induction CT decreased with poorer performance status (p_trend = 0.03). For the secondary question, eight trials (1214 patients) confirmed the superiority of concomitant CT on OS (HR = 0.84 [0.74; 0.95], p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: The update of MACH-NC confirms the benefit and superiority of the addition of concomitant CT for non-metastatic head and neck cancer

Sexual Functioning and Opioid Maintenance Treatment in Women. Results From a Large Multicentre Study

Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is the most widespread therapy for both females and males opioid addicts. While many studies have evaluated the OMT impact on men’s sexuality, the data collected about the change in women’s sexual functioning is still limited despite the fact that it is now well-known that opioids - both endogenous and exogenous - affect the endocrine system and play an important role in sexual functioning. The present study aims to determine how OMT with buprenorphine (BUP) or methadone (MTD) affects sexual health in women; examining also any possible emerging correlation between sexual dysfunction (SD), type of opioid and patients’ mental health. This multi-center study case recruited 258 female volunteers attending Italian public Addiction Outpatients Centers that were stabilized with OMT for at least 3 months. SD was assessed with the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. The twelve-item General Health Questionnaire was used to assess participants’ mental health conditions. The results show that 56.6% of women receiving OMT for at least 3 months presented SD without significant differences between MTD e BUP groups. The majority of the subjects with SD have a poorer quality of intimate relationships and worse mental health than the average. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the largest report on the presence of SDs in women as a side effects of MTD and BUP used in OMT. Since SDs cause difficulties in intimate relationships, lower patients’ quality of life and interfere with OMT beneficial outcomes, we recommend that women undertaking an opioid therapy have routine screening for SD and we highlight the importance to better examine opioid-endocrine interactions in future studies in order to provide alternative potential treatments such as the choice of opioid, opioid dose reduction and hormone supplementation

Distance teaching and teaching \u2018as\u2019 distance. A critical reading of online teaching instruments during and after the pandemic.

This paper intends to read through a critical lens the digitalization of schooling caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. The emergency has forced European governments to close the schools and consequently, all the schooling activities have been transferred online. Referring to some works of Giorgio Agamben, Paul Virilio and Walter Benjamin the authors propose some critical remarks on the transformation of schooling space and schooling time that characterizes the practice of distance learning. This transformation pertains not only to accidental aspects of schooling but affects the very identity of the schooling experience. In a completely digitalized school, time is characterized by instantaneousness: time as duration is replaced by the \uabtime of exposure\ubb, as stated by Paul Virilio. In addition, the school completely dematerialized, is reduced to the two-dimensional space of the screen. The article aims to show that instantaneous time and dematerialized space make the experience of \uabcrossing\ubb difficult. Therefore, following some remarks by Jan Masschelein and Gert Biesta, it is maintained that the experience of \uabcrossing\ubb endangered by the digitalization of schooling is essential to an authentic experience of schooling. It is not intended to refuse the digital innovations as such but to \uabput them on the table\ubb, in order to suspend their immediate use and analyze them critically

Particulate matter pollution in an Alpine Valley: long-term trends, source apportionment using specific tracers, and the effect persistent inversion dynamics

Major urban areas in mountain environments are typically located on valley floors. Here, mountain orography drives peculiar atmospheric circulation conditions. Persistent thermal inversion conditions may also occur, strongly affecting air pollution. This study characterizes the particulate matter (PM) pollution in an Alpine valley (Valbelluna, NE Italy) and analyzes the potential effects of local meteorology. First, long-term trends (2008-2023) are investigated using 3 different approaches to detect the effects of past and recent regulatory efforts at local, regional, and national levels. Since most mitigation measures focused on mobile emissions (e.g., traffic restrictions), the effects of these policies are further evaluated through generalized additive models. Second, a detailed source apportionment of fine PM (PM2.5) in the major city of the valley (Belluno) is performed during a cold season, when higher PM concentrations are observed. Major chemical species and minor/trace elements are analyzed, including specific geochemical tracers for primary biogenic, secondary, and biomass burning aerosols. PM2.5 sources are identified and quantified through positive matrix factorization. Results indicate biomass burning as the major source (52% mass), followed by secondary aerosol (21%), biogenic PM (20%), traffic (4%), and resuspension (3%). The source contributions are then handled to account for the local meteorology through dispersion normalization. Acknowledgements Third, the possible effects of persistent thermal inversion events are investigated by assessing the inversion strength from temperature profiles measured at multiple weather stations located at different elevations. This research has been carried out within the PNRR research activities of iNEST (Interconnected North-East Innovation Ecosystem) funded by the European Union Next-GenerationEU (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) Missione 4 Componente 2, Investimento 1.5 D.D. 1058 23/06/2022, ECS_00000043)

Technical Report: Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health and Nutrition

Its geographic location and economic situation makes the Philippines highlyvulnerable to impacts of climate change and extreme weather events that cause considerable disruptions to food systems, affecting food security, nutrition and health especially of the most vulnerable groups. This study aims to assess the effects of exposure to extreme weather conditions, classified as natural disasters, on the proportion of households meeting the recommended energy intake (REI), and the prevalences of stunting and wasting among children under-five years old, chronic energy deficiency (CED) among lactating mothers and elderly adults and nutritionally at-risk pregnant women. This study utilized cross-sectional data from the 2013 and 2015 National Nutrition Surveys conducted nationwide by the Department of Science and Technology- Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI). Exposure data came from the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) for typhoons and floods, the Philippine Rice Information System (PRISM) of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) for drought, and from the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics- Philippine Statistics Authority (BAS-PSA) for palay production. Logistic regression models were adjusted for sex, age, civil status, education, household size, work and place of work of the household head, ethnicity, illness for the past 2 weeks, avail of prenatal and mothers class for pregnant women, months of lactation for lactating mothers, hypertension for elderly, food security, membership to Philhealth, participation to Four Ps, place of residence, wealth index, palay production, and exposure to climate variables typhoons and floods one month up to six months prior to survey and drought for the first quarter of 2015 and 2016. Bivariate results showed that socioeconomic status, household size, food security status, sex, age, civil status, belonging to an indigenous group, exposure to typhoons, floods and drought had significant associations with nutrition outcomes. In full models, belonging to the poorest quintile, large and food insecure households increase the odds of stunting and wasting in children 0 to 59 months old, of chronic energy deficiency in elderly adults and lactating mothers and for pregnant women to become nutritionally at-risk . Households who are engaged in agriculture were more likely to meet the REI. The effect of exposure to typhoons and floods on meeting the REI at household level was positive at three (3) months but was negative at 6 months. Among households in the Mindanao areas, exposure to drought in either the first quarter of 2015 or 2016 only, increased the likelihood of children below five years old to become stunted and among elderly adults to become CED. However, elderly adults exposed to drought for both the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016 made them less likely to become CED. The time of exposure to these natural 5 disasters, whether typhoons, floods or drought, appears to affect the outcomes analyzed. Cohort data would help to better understand the continuing effects of such exposures. These results provide vital inputs for more strategic responses to climate change adaptation and mitigation programs of the government particularly for vulnerable population groups

Radical resection of a giant, invasive and symptomatic malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumour (SFT) of the pleura.

Solitary Fibrous Tumours (SFTs) of the pleura are rare neoplasms, with unpredictable biological behaviour. Although usually benign, malignant SFTs are described, and they are often associated with large, necrotic and locally invasive tumours. Radical resection represents the treatment of choice in all cases; recurrences are uncommon, and redo-surgery should be considered. The case of a giant, invasive, radically resected malignant SFT, is described. The role of postoperative radiotherapy, to reduce the risk of recurrence, is also discussed