Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infection among intravenous drug users in Shahr-e-Kord, Islamic Republic of Iran

This study was conducted in 2004 to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HBC) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus infection in 133 injecting drug users (IDUs) attending a voluntary rehabilitation centre in Shahr-e-Kord, and to identify risk factors for these infections in this group. Serum samples were screened for HBV, HCV and HIV infection. Only 1 participant (0.8) was HIV positive, 15 (11.2) were HCV positive and 8 (6.0) were positive for HBV surface antigen. There was significant correlation between using shared syringes and infection with HIV, HCV and HBV

An epidemiological study on burned patients admitted to Imam Mousa Kazem hospital, Isfahan, 2003-2004

زمینه و هدف: هر ساله عده فراوانی از افراد جامعه دچار حادثه سوختگی می شوند که این امر باعث تحمیل صدمات جسمی، روحی، اجتماعی شده و همچنین تبعات اقتصادی شدیدی برای بیماران، خانواده ها وکشور دارند. یکی از اولین اقدامات برای برنامه ریزی در جهت برخورد با یک بیماری و عارضه، شناخت جنبه های مختلف اثر گذار بر آن می باشد. این جنبه ها می تواند شامل مسائل مرتبط با فرد، زمان، مکان و فاکتورهای اپیدمیولوژیک دخیل در عارضه باشد. در این مطالعه پرونده 1124 بیمار بستری در سال 1382 در بیمارستان سوانح و سوختگی امام موسی کاظم (ع) با این هدف مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که با شناسایی گروههای در معرض خطر و نیز علل مهم سوختگی بتوان گامی در راستای برنامه ریزی و پیشگیری از این حادثه برداشت. روش مطالعه: روش نمونه گیری بصورت سرشماری بود و کلیه بیماران بستری وارد مطالعه شدند به استثنای کسانی که بطور سرپایی و کمتر از یکروز بستری بودند و یا افرادی که به علل غیر سوختگی (جراحی پلاستیک و ترمیم) بستری شده بودند. نتایج: 3/60 بیماران مذکر و 7/39 مؤنث بودند. میانگین سن بستری شدگان 3/23 سال و میانگین کلی درصد سوختگی بدن آنها 9/33 بود. بیشترین بستری شدگان درگروه سنی 30-16 سال با 2/41 و کمترین آنها در گروه بالای 50 سال با 3/9 بود. شایع ترین علت سوختگی نفت با 6/28 بود ولی اگر نفت و مشتقات آن، گاز و آتش سوزی ها را تحت عنوان کلی شعله (flame) در نظر بگیریم 2/63 را شامل می شوند. از کل بستری شدگان 9/15 بیماران فوت نمودند که شایع ترین علت در فوت شد گان مربوط به شعله بود. 4/63 سوختگی ها در منزل و همچنین 1/29 سوختگی ها در زمستان اتفاق افتاده است. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج این گونه مطالعات می توان گروههای در معرض خطر را از نظر سنی، جنسی و علل سوختگی در هر جامعه ای با توجه به شرایط خاص آن جامعه مورد شناسایی قرار داد

Investigation the effect of corporate governance on the financing cost

Financing companies’ quality of corporate governance is one of the important factors to financing, because it can has an effect on payment risk or an un-payment, hence, we can state that the quality of corporate governance will influence on financing cost. Corporate governance causes to reduce the financing crisis risk. This problem is very important, when this risk leads to create more expenses. So, corporate governance causes to reduce the investing costs, and in conclusion increases the value of company. Naturally, the quality of corporate governance leads to create trust and reliance in investors and reduces their informational risk and surely will influence on companies financing cost. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of corporate governance, shareholders control, independence of directorate on the financing cost of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 5 years (since 2006 to 2013).The population is 448 companies that 221 companies had been selected with Chochran method. The result of this research indicates that corporate governance has not significantly effect on the companies financing cost

The investigation of audit quality on the cost of financing

Audit quality and its components are factors that play an important role in the financing costs of firms, and consider many studies regarding financial decisions about methods of financing. In this study, we will investigate the relationship between audit quality and cost of financing in Listed Companies in Tehran SEC with examining the importance of financing costs (interest expense) . Naturally, Audit quality creates a trust and confidence in investors, which in turn reduces the information risk and certainly will affect the cost of financing of firms. This study examines the relationship between audit quality (size of the audit firm) and the cost of financing in Iran. Therefore, members of certified public accountants for auditing the auditor considered small audit firms and the audit staff of auditors is much more ancient one. The results of the survey of 221 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2006 to 2011 show that audit quality has a significant effect on the cost of financing

Investigation the effect of corporate governance on the financing cost

Financing companies’ quality of corporate governance is one of the important factors to financing, because it can has an effect on payment risk or an un-payment, hence, we can state that the quality of corporate governance will influence on financing cost. Corporate governance causes to reduce the financing crisis risk. This problem is very important, when this risk leads to create more expenses. So, corporate governance causes to reduce the investing costs, and in conclusion increases the value of company. Naturally, the quality of corporate governance leads to create trust and reliance in investors and reduces their informational risk and surely will influence on companies financing cost. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of corporate governance, shareholders control, independence of directorate on the financing cost of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 5 years (since 2006 to 2013).The population is 448 companies that 221 companies had been selected with Chochran method. The result of this research indicates that corporate governance has not significantly effect on the companies financing cost

The investigation of audit quality on the cost of financing

Audit quality and its components are factors that play an important role in the financing costs of firms, and consider many studies regarding financial decisions about methods of financing. In this study, we will investigate the relationship between audit quality and cost of financing in Listed Companies in Tehran SEC with examining the importance of financing costs (interest expense) . Naturally, Audit quality creates a trust and confidence in investors, which in turn reduces the information risk and certainly will affect the cost of financing of firms. This study examines the relationship between audit quality (size of the audit firm) and the cost of financing in Iran. Therefore, members of certified public accountants for auditing the auditor considered small audit firms and the audit staff of auditors is much more ancient one. The results of the survey of 221 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2006 to 2011 show that audit quality has a significant effect on the cost of financing

Information Governance Program: A Review of Applications in Healthcare

 Context: The healthcare in different countries faces challenges in enhancing the quality of services and reducing the costs. Information governance provides a tool for effective and efficient management of information, the use of which contributes to improved productivity, and effectiveness of services and reduced costs. Identifying the applications and benefits of using this tool paves the way for its accurate and effective deployment in a variety of healthcare organizations. This study was conducted to identify and classify the applications of information governance program within healthcare systems. Evidence Acquisition: The study reviewed English studies related to the information governance applications in healthcare published during 2000 and 2017. The publications were identified by searching the Pub Med, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus and Science Direct databases. The key words included, but not restricted to, information governance, health information governance, information governance program and impacts of information governance in health care. Having completed the search, 128 studies were retrieved, of which 23 were reviewed. Results: The Information Governance program applications were categorized into five general groups, including improving healthcare and patient safety, reducing the costs, enhancing the quality of data and information healthcare, enhancing the security and confidentiality of patient information, improving the management of information and healthcare organizations.Conclusion: Through developing and implementing of Health Information Governance programs, updating information and upgrading information technologies, healthcare organizations could improve the quality of healthcare services and reduce the subsequent costs to achieve competitive advantages. 

Growth Disorders Among 6-Year-Old Iranian Children

Background: Sociodemographic factors are important determinants of weight disorders. National representative studies provide a view on this health problem at national and regional levels. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the distribution of growth disorders in terms of body mass index (BMI) and height in 6-year-old Iranian children using geographical information system (GIS). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were examined in a mandatory national screening program in 2009. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity, and short stature. Then, ArcGIS software was used to draw the figures. Results: The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.5% girls and 76.5% urban). Overall, 20% of children were underweight, and 14.3% had high BMI, consisted of 10.9% overweight and 3.4% obese. The corresponding figure for short stature was 6.6%; however, these growth disorders were not equally distributed across various provinces. Conclusions: Our results confirmed unequal distribution of BMI and height of 6-year-old children in Iran generally and in most of its provinces particularly. The differences among provinces cannot be fully explained by the socioeconomic pattern. These findings necessitate a comprehensive national policy with provincial evidence-based programs