DESIGN OF EFFICIENT DELAY BLOCK FOR LOW FREQUENCY APPLICATION

In recent years researchers have been  focusing on the design of low power and small size oscillator for emerging areas of interest such as the internet of things (IoT) and biomedical applications. In this paper a new delay block for ring oscillator is proposed using CMOS inverter cascaded with inverted current starved inverter (CICSI). The designed delay block provides approximately 50% more delay with a smaller number of transistors than the conventionally designed circuits. Furthermore, a ring oscillator and a non-overlapping clock (NOC) generator are designed using it. The designed circuits can be used in switched capacitor (SC) circuits, analog mixed signal circuits to meet the need for low frequency portable biomedical applications. The designed circuits are simulated on Generic 90nm 1.2V Process Design Kit (GPDK90) using Cadence Virtuoso Design Environment. The simulation result shows the delay of the CICSI delay block is 592ps. The ring oscillator using 101 stages of delay block is designed and it is shown that it operates at a frequency of  17MHz with a power consumption of 420µW

Comparison of algorithms for the removal of impulsive noise from an image

Image pre-processing is an important operation that is used to redefine an image to improve human visual perception and information extraction. To de-noise an image tainted with impulsive noise, several state-of-the-art methods have been presented. This work examines and compares several de-noising methods based on the median filter and its advanced non-linear techniques. The research also focuses on the recommended implementation methodologies for using deep learning to de-noise impulsive noise. The paper focuses on one approach's limitations and possible remedies, as well as other techniques that have been offered. The study also identifies several other difficulties that have yet to be resolved

STUDY OF CLINICAL, ETIOLOGICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed in analyzing the clinical presentations, etiological influences, and echocardiographic structures of cases of atrial fibrillation (AF) in SCB MCH, Cuttack. Methods: A cross-sectional research performed on AF cases admitted in SCB MCH, Cuttack, during the period from May 2021 to November 2022. Detailed history, thorough clinical examination and transthoracic echocardiography, has been carried out among study population. Results: Average age of cases was observed as 49.56±17.64 years. Among 100 cases, females were found to be 63% whereas males as 37%. Most of the cases were suffered due to more than one symptoms of severity. About 59% of cases showed rheumatic heart disease (RHD) out of total 100 cases. Among RHD cases, 43% cases were female and the male cases as 16%. Hypertension and coronary artery disease formed the furthermost communal reasons. Mean left atrial (LA) dimension between the study populations was found to be 4.49±0.57 cm. Conclusion: This study concluded that dyspnea seems to be the most common observed symptom; RHD forms the major communal reasons for AF, preceded by hypertension. Mitral valve seems to be involved among all cases of RHD. In major cases, LA enlargement has been reported; therefore, this forms the prognosticator of AF. LA enlargement cases seem to be further susceptible to progress to LA appendage clot