Cavascope: the broadband seismological network of the New Hebrides subduction zone and its associated data base

Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, n. 4, p. 498-503, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.4.498International audienc

Seismicity and dynamics of the Upper Rhinegraben

In this paper we present the results of a 10-year period (1971-1980) of research on the seismicity of the Upper Rhinegraben. Our investigations are exclusively based on instrumentally recorded earthquakes with local magnitudes between 0.5 < ML < 5. The increase in the number of high-gain seismic stations during the past 2 decades improved the quality of the observations considerably, thus allowing detailed recognition of the spatial distribution of the earthquake loci in focal areas deduced from the analysis of historical events. No region, regarded up to now as aseismic, revealed itself as seismic, not even at the level of microearthquakes. Excluding the focal area of the Swabian Jura, the northernmost and southernmost parts of the Upper Rhinegraben show the highest degree of seismic activity. The middle part of the Rhinegraben, between Strasbourg and Karlsruhe, reveals only modest activity, somewhat in contrast to the historical record. The number of earthquakes increases towards the east of the river Rhine relative to the west. An even more pronounced asymmetry is shown in the southern graben by different maximum focal depths perpendicular to the strike of the Rhinegraben. In the Vosges mountains and in the graben proper, depths of 13 and 16 km, respectively, are not exceeded. Maximum depths down to about 20 km are found in the Black Forest. No earthquake was detected in the lower gabbroic crust or in the mantle. The maximum focal depth seems to be governed by variations in the temperature-depth distribution. Fault plane solutions of more than 30 earthquakes demonstrate that the seismic dislocations take place predominantly as strike slip mechanisms in the southern graben area whereas normal faulting prevails in the north. In the northern graben, most of the seismic dislocations occur on fault segments striking N30°W whereas in the south a strike ofN20°E or N60°W (the conjugate direction) is dominant. Furthermore, the fault plane solutions indicate a clockwise rotation of the principle stress directions from north to south by about 40°.         ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/88439/y060010 Permalink: https://geophysicsjournal.com/article/81 &nbsp

First-line latanoprost therapy in ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma patients: a 3-month efficacy analysis stratified by initial intraocular pressure

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trials have shown latanoprost instilled once daily to be at least as effective as and generally superior to timolol administered twice daily and to be as effective as other frequently prescribed prostaglandin analogues. This study prospectively assessed the efficacy of latanoprost monotherapy in a large cohort of treatment-naive patients with a broad range of baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) levels treated in actual clinical practice settings.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This prospective, open-label, multicenter, uncontrolled, phase IV study included treatment-naive ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma subjects initiating latanoprost once daily (evening). IOP levels were measured at baseline and after 1 and 3 months. The primary efficacy outcome was mean change in IOP from baseline to month 3. Analyses were stratified by baseline IOP: ≥ 20 and <24 mmHg <it>vs </it>≥ 24 mmHg.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Efficacy analyses (intent to treat) included 572 subjects: 20 to <24 mmHg group, N = 252; ≥ 24 mmHg group, N = 320. Mean baseline IOP levels were 22.2 ± 0.9 mmHg and 26.7 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. At month 3, significant IOP reductions were seen in both groups (p < 0.0001, within-group differences); reductions were smaller in the 20 to <24 mmHg group (-6.3 ± 2.4 <it>vs </it>-9.2 ± 3.7 mmHg, respectively; -28.0 ± 10.6% <it>vs </it>-34.1 ± 11.9%, respectively). An IOP reduction of ≥ 30% from baseline to month 3 was noted in 48.4% and 65.6% of subjects, respectively (p < 0.0001). At month 3, targets IOPs of ≤ 18 mmHg were achieved by ≥ 70% of subjects in both groups. Latanoprost was well tolerated with an adverse event profile similar to that reported in the literature.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This "real world" study found once-daily latanoprost to be effective and safe in treatment-naive ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma patients. Patients with baseline IOP levels of 20 to <24 mmHg as well as ≥ 24 mmHg benefitted from initial latanoprost therapy.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Trial Registration Number: NCT00647101</p

Aerodynamical Characterisation of the initiale zone of a large diameter ratio annular jet

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