HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN BERGULA DAN PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI DENGAN KEJADIAN KARIES GIGI DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK BALITA DI DESA MRANGGEN SUKOHARJO

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU GIZI FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA SKRIPSI ABSTRAK NURAINI ROSY AMBARWATI. J310110053 HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN BERGULA DAN PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI DENGAN KEJADIAN KARIES GIGI DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK BALITA DI DESA MRANGGEN SUKOHARJO. Pendahuluan:Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang menyerang jaringan keras gigi yang tidak hanya menyerang anak-anak tapi juga orangdewasa. Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi gula dapat berdampak terjadinya karies. Hal ini akan didukung apabila sikap pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi yang kurang yang akan mengakibatkan penumpukan bakteri kariogenik tersebut. Rasa yang kurang nyaman yang timbul dari penderita karies gigi akan berdampak pada kurangnya asupan makan dan akan berpengaruh juga terhadap status gizi. Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan konsumsi makanan bergula dengan kejadian karies gigi, pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi, dan kejadian karies gigi dengan status gizi. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 81 balita yang berusia 24-59 bulan dan ibu balita sebagai responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional random sampling. Variabel diuji menggunakan uji hubungan chi-square. Hasil:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan anak balita yang mengalami karies gigi sebesar 64%, kebiasaan konsumsi makanan bergula banyak yang tidak normal yaitu 72%, perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi banyak yang baik yaitu 53%, dan status gizi sebagian besar menurut BB/TB yaitu normal 80%. Hasil uji hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi makanan bergula dengan karies gigi mendapatkan p value 0.007, pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dengan karies 0.608, serta status gizi dengan karies gigi 0.195. Kesimpulan :Ada hubungan antara kebiasaan konsumsi makanan bergula dengan kejadian karies gigi anak balita di Desa Mranggen. Tidak ada hubungan antara pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dengan kejadian karies dan status gizi anak balita di Desa Mranggen. Kata Kunci : Karies Gigi, Status Gizi, Kebiasaan Konsumsi Makanan Bergula, Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi. Kepustakaan : 84: 1982-201

Pengaruh Penambahan Partikel Hexagonal Boron Nitride Dan Carbon Pada AA 7075 Melalui Proses Friction Stir Processing Terhadap Kekerasan Permukaan

Abstract:  reinforcement of AA 7075 material with nanoparticles may be developed. Therefore the authors wanted to conduct research on the effect of adding hexagonal boron nitride and coconut shell nano carbon particles to aluminum alloy 7075 through the friction stir processing (FSP) process on surface hardness and wear. Rpm to see a comparison of the speed of the mixture in aluminum, a mixture of hexagonal boron nitride particles and coconut shell nano carbon with the variants HBN25% : C75%, HBN50% : C50%, HBN75% : C25%. run the machine horizontally the process is repeated back and forth. The minimum hardness is 60.39 HRF 50% HBN material: C 50% rpm 2280, and the maximum hardness is 95.04 HRF 75% HBN material: C 25% rpm 2280. Pure 7075 aluminum is 90 HRF.Abstrak: Penguatan bahan AA 7075 dengan partikel nano melalui mungkin dapat dikembangkan. Oleh karena itu penulis ingin melakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh penambahan partikel hexagonal boron nitride dan nano carbon batok kelapa pada aluminium alloy 7075 melalui proses friction stir processing (fsp) terhadap kekerasan dan keausan permukaan.mesin fsp diatur speed dengan varian kecepatan 910, 1500, dan 2280 Rpm untuk melihat perbandingan dari speed terhadap campuran pada alumunium, campuran partikel hexagonal boron nitride dan nano Carbon batok kelapa dengan varian HBN25% : C75%, HBN50% : C50%, HBN75% : C25%. jalankan mesin secara horizontal proses diulang secara bolak balik.kekerasan minimum yaitu 60.39 HRF bahan HBN 50% : C 50% rpm 2280, dan kekerasan maksimum yaitu 95.04 HRF bahan HBN 75% : C 25% rpm2280. alumunium 7075 murni yaitu 90 HRF

Development and validation of a spectro-temporal processing test for cochlear-implant listeners.

Psychophysical tests of spectro-temporal resolution may aid the evaluation of methods for improving hearing by cochlear implant (CI) listeners. Here the STRIPES (Spectro-Temporal Ripple for Investigating Processor EffectivenesS) test is described and validated. Like speech, the test requires both spectral and temporal processing to perform well. Listeners discriminate between complexes of sine sweeps which increase or decrease in frequency; difficulty is controlled by changing the stimulus spectro-temporal density. Care was taken to minimize extraneous cues, forcing listeners to perform the task only on the direction of the sweeps. Vocoder simulations with normal hearing listeners showed that the STRIPES test was sensitive to the number of channels and temporal information fidelity. An evaluation with CI listeners compared a standard processing strategy with one having very wide filters, thereby spectrally blurring the stimulus. Psychometric functions were monotonic for both strategies and five of six participants performed better with the standard strategy. An adaptive procedure revealed significant differences, all in favour of the standard strategy, at the individual listener level for six of eight CI listeners. Subsequent measures validated a faster version of the test, and showed that STRIPES could be performed by recently implanted listeners having no experience of psychophysical testing

Elucidating Drivers for Variations in the Explosive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic among People Who Inject Drugs in Pakistan

BACKGROUND: Pakistan’s explosive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) varies widely across cities. We evaluated possible drivers for these variations. METHODS: Multivariable regression analyses were undertaken using data from 5 national surveys among PWID (n = 18 467; 2005–2017) to determine risk factors associated with variations in city-level HIV prevalence. A dynamic HIV model was used to estimate the population-attributable fraction (PAF; proportion of HIV infections prevented over 10 years when that risk factor is removed) of these risk factors to HIV transmission and impact on HIV incidence of reducing their prevalence. RESULTS: Regression analyses suggested that city-level HIV prevalence is strongly associated with the prevalence of using professional injectors at last injection, heroin use in last month, and injecting ≥4 times per day. Through calibrating a model to these associations, we estimate that the 10-year PAFs of using professional injectors, heroin use, and frequent injecting are 45.3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4.3%–79.7%), 45.9% (95% UI, 8.1%–78.4%), and 22.2% (95% UI, 2.0%–58.4%), respectively. Reducing to lowest city-level prevalences of using professional injectors (2.8%; median 89.9% reduction), heroin use (0.9%; median 91.2% reduction), and frequent injecting (0.1%; median 91.8% reduction) in 2020 reduces overall HIV incidence by 52.7% (95% UI, 6.1%–82.0%), 53.0% (95% UI, 11.3%–80.2%), and 28.1% (95% UI, 2.7%–66.6%), respectively, over 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions should focus on these risk factors to control Pakistan’s explosive HIV epidemic among PWID, including a concomitant expansion of high-coverage needle/syringe provision, opioid substitution therapy, and antiretroviral therapy

Feasibility of trial procedures for a randomised controlled trial of a community based group exercise intervention for falls prevention for visually impaired older people: the VIOLET study

Background Visually impaired older people (VIOP) have a higher risk of falling than their sighted peers, and are likely to avoid physical activity. The aim was to adapt the existing Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme for VIOP, delivered in the community, and to investigate the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) of this adapted intervention. Methods Two-centre randomised mixed methods pilot trial and economic evaluation of the adapted group-based FaME programme for VIOP versus usual care. A one hour exercise programme ran weekly over 12 weeks at the study sites (Newcastle and Glasgow), delivered by third sector (voluntary and community) organisations. Participants were advised to exercise at home for an additional two hours over the week. Those randomised to the usual activities group received no intervention. Outcome measures were completed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. The potential primary outcome was the Short Form Falls Efficacy Scale – International (SFES-I). Participants’ adherence was assessed by reviewing attendance records and self-reported compliance to the home exercises. Adherence with the course content (fidelity) by instructors was assessed by a researcher. Adverse events were collected in a weekly phone call. Results Eighteen participants, drawn from community-living VIOP were screened; 68 met the inclusion criteria; 64 participants were randomised with 33 allocated to the intervention and 31 to the usual activities arm. 94% of participants provided data at the 12 week visit and 92% at 24 weeks. Adherence was high. The intervention was found to be safe with 76% attending nine or more classes. Median time for home exercise was 50 min per week. There was little or no evidence that fear of falling, balance and falls risk, physical activity, emotional, attitudinal or quality of life outcomes differed between trial arms at follow-up. Conclusions The intervention, FaME, was implemented successfully for VIOP and all progression criteria for a main trial were met. The lack of difference between groups on fear of falling was unsurprising given it was a pilot study but there may have been other contributory factors including suboptimal exercise dose and apparent low risk of falls in participants. These issues need addressing for a future trial

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment