YodaNN: An Architecture for Ultra-Low Power Binary-Weight CNN Acceleration

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized the world of computer vision over the last few years, pushing image classification beyond human accuracy. The computational effort of today's CNNs requires power-hungry parallel processors or GP-GPUs. Recent developments in CNN accelerators for system-on-chip integration have reduced energy consumption significantly. Unfortunately, even these highly optimized devices are above the power envelope imposed by mobile and deeply embedded applications and face hard limitations caused by CNN weight I/O and storage. This prevents the adoption of CNNs in future ultra-low power Internet of Things end-nodes for near-sensor analytics. Recent algorithmic and theoretical advancements enable competitive classification accuracy even when limiting CNNs to binary (+1/-1) weights during training. These new findings bring major optimization opportunities in the arithmetic core by removing the need for expensive multiplications, as well as reducing I/O bandwidth and storage. In this work, we present an accelerator optimized for binary-weight CNNs that achieves 1510 GOp/s at 1.2 V on a core area of only 1.33 MGE (Million Gate Equivalent) or 0.19 mm$^2$ and with a power dissipation of 895 {\mu}W in UMC 65 nm technology at 0.6 V. Our accelerator significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of energy and area efficiency achieving 61.2 TOp/s/[email protected] V and 1135 GOp/s/[email protected] V, respectively

Hyperdrive: A Multi-Chip Systolically Scalable Binary-Weight CNN Inference Engine

Deep neural networks have achieved impressive results in computer vision and machine learning. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art networks are extremely compute and memory intensive which makes them unsuitable for mW-devices such as IoT end-nodes. Aggressive quantization of these networks dramatically reduces the computation and memory footprint. Binary-weight neural networks (BWNs) follow this trend, pushing weight quantization to the limit. Hardware accelerators for BWNs presented up to now have focused on core efficiency, disregarding I/O bandwidth and system-level efficiency that are crucial for deployment of accelerators in ultra-low power devices. We present Hyperdrive: a BWN accelerator dramatically reducing the I/O bandwidth exploiting a novel binary-weight streaming approach, which can be used for arbitrarily sized convolutional neural network architecture and input resolution by exploiting the natural scalability of the compute units both at chip-level and system-level by arranging Hyperdrive chips systolically in a 2D mesh while processing the entire feature map together in parallel. Hyperdrive achieves 4.3 TOp/s/W system-level efficiency (i.e., including I/Os)---3.1x higher than state-of-the-art BWN accelerators, even if its core uses resource-intensive FP16 arithmetic for increased robustness

Developments and new applications of numerical stochastic perturbation theory

A review of new developments in numerical stochastic perturbation theory (NSPT) is presented. In particular, the status of the extension of the method to gauge fixed lattice QCD is reviewed and a first application to compact (scalar) QED is presented. Lacking still a general proof of the convergence of the underlying stochastic processes, a self-consistent method for testing the results is discussed.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure. Poster presented at the Lattice97 conference, Edinburgh, U

New issues for Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory

First attempts in the application of Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory (NSPT) to the problem of pushing one loop further the computation of SU(3) (SU(2)) pertubative beta function (in different schemes) are reviewed and the relevance of such a computation is discussed. Other issues include the proposal of a different strategy for gauge-fixed NSPT computations in lattice QCD.Comment: 3 pages, Latex, LATTICE98(algorithms

Implementación de servidores virtuales con hyper-v para optimizar los servicios de tecnología de la información de la empresa Corporación Clave 1 SAC, Lima 2022.

La empresa Corporación Clave 1 SAC., en el 2016, solo tenía 1 servidor, que solo era un equipo compatible, con el S.O. Windows Server 2008R2, con dominio (que casi no se utilizaba), la base de datos en Microsoft SQL Server 2008R2 y también el servicio web en IIS. Ante un problema de disco, el acceso al servidor se perdió, se tuvo que recurrir a diferentes herramientas para la recuperación, en el cual se pudo rescatar después de unos días la información, principalmente la base de datos. Con la cual se tomó la decisión de mejorar los servicios del área de sistemas, adquiriendo un nuevo servidor compatible, con las características más completas (disco y ram). En ese momento se empezó a implementar la virtualización, con el uso del Hyper-V. Además, se habilito 2 servidores en pausa (falta de repuestos) los cuales apoyaron a mejorar el área de sistemas. Con el crecimiento de la empresa en ampliar los servicios, se adquirió un 2do. Servidor, que igualmente se implementó con la mayor capacidad en sus recursos en almacenaje y memoria. En esta época de restricciones, por el COVID-19, la empresa Corporación Clave1, ha superado las incertidumbres del asilamiento, gracias a la diversidad de soluciones que el área de sistemas ha dado, como son: la conexión remota VPN, servidores reportadores de DB y de telefonía, unidades de red remotas, etc. Actualmente hay más de 60 servidores virtuales, los cuales 19 están activos, en las cuales se encuentran servidores en producción y laboratorios de prueba, los demás (inactivos) son backups, base de servidor, pendientes, etc. Con estas implementaciones, ha mejorado los servicios que se tienen maximizando el uso de los recursos y minimizando los gastos en adquisición de nuevos equipos.The company Corporación Clave 1 SAC., in 2016, only had 1 server, which was only compatible equipment, with the S.O. Windows Server 2008R2, with domain (which was hardly used), the database in Microsoft SQL Server 2008R2 and also the web service in IIS. Faced with a disk problem, access to the server was lost, it was necessary to resort to different recovery tools, in which the information, mainly the database, could be recovered after a few days. With which the decision was made to improve the services of the systems area, acquiring a new compatible server, with the most complete characteristics (disk and ram). At that time virtualization began to be implemented, with the use of Hyper-V. In addition, 2 paused servers were enabled (lack of spare parts) which helped improve the systems area. With the growth of the company in expanding services, a 2nd. Server, which was also implemented with the greatest capacity in its storage and memory resources. In this time of restrictions, due to COVID-19, the company Corporación Clave1 has overcome the uncertainties of isolation, thanks to the diversity of solutions that the systems area has provided, such as: remote VPN connection, DB reporting servers and telephony, remote network units, etc. Currently there are more than 60 virtual servers, of which 19 are active, in which there are servers in production and test laboratories, the rest (inactive) are backups, server bases, pending, etc. With these implementations, it has improved the services that are available, maximizing the use of resources and minimizing the cost of acquiring new equipment

Transition Metal-Free Direct C-H (Hetero)arylation of Heteroarenes: A Sustainable Methodology to Access (Hetero)aryl-Substituted Heteroarenes

In recent years, environmental and economic reasons have motivated the development of transition metal-free carbon-carbon bond forming reactions and some excellent reviews have covered this research area of particular interest for the pharmaceutical industry. However, none of these reviews has been specifically dedicated to summarize and discuss the results achieved in the rapidly growing field of the transition metal-free direct (hetero)arylation reactions of heteroarenes. This review, which covers the literature from 2008 to 2014, aims to provide a thorough insight into the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of these atom economic and environmentally benign reactions also highlighting their advantages and possible disadvantages compared to conventional methods for the synthesis of arylheteroarenes and biheteroaryls via transition metal-catalyzed reactions

Synthesis and Biological Properties of 2(5H)-Furanones Featuring Bromine Atoms on the Heterocyclic Ring and/or Brominated Substituents

This review deals with the synthesis of unnatural and natural 2(5H)-furanone derivatives featuring bromine atoms on the heterocyclic ring and/or brominated substituents, which have been described in the literature since 1951 up to February 2016. The review has been organized on the basis of six classes of brominated furanone derivatives that were synthesized: i) 2(5H)-furanone derivatives with one bromine atom on the heterocyclic ring; ii) 2(5H)-furanone derivatives with two bromine atoms on the heterocyclic ring; iii) 2(5H)-furanone derivatives featuring one bromine atom on the heterocyclic ring and monobrominated substituents; iv) 2(5H)- furanone derivatives featuring one bromine atom on the heterocyclic ring and dibrominated substituents; v) 2(5H)-furanone derivatives with monobrominated substituents; and vi) 2(5H)-furanones featuring dibrominated substituents. Where possible, experimental details of the syntheses have been reported. Furthermore, the biological properties of the target compounds, including their mutagenic, cytotoxic, enzymatic, anti-inflammatory and photosynthetic inhibitory activities have been summarized, paying particular attention on the compounds that have demonstrated antimicrobial properties via inhibition of quorum sensing and biofilm formation

The Susceptibility of Candida albicans to Gamma-Radiations and Ketoco-nazole Depends on Transitional Filamentation

The virulence of C. albicans is associated with the transitional evolution from yeast to filamentous forms. We were interested in the effects amphotericin B (AMB), ketoconazole (KTC) and γ-radiations might have on these broadly defined phenotypes as determined by the CFU procedure. By using collagen gel as the 3-dimensional support of cell culture, diverse experimental conditions were contemplated in order to modulate the differentiation of Candida during sessile and planktonic growth. These conditions included the co-culture with human epithelial and endothelial cells and treatment with farnesol, tyrosol and conditioned medium from P. aeruginosa. The overall results were as follows: 1) The survival of Candida was inhibited by the exposure to γ-radiations, but only after the organism was induced to progress into excess filamentation, while in normal growth conditions it proved to be radioresistant; 2) AMB inhibited the growth of yeast forms, while KTC was specifically toxic to filamentous forms and 3) the combined treatment of filamentous Candida with KTC and γ-radiations resulted in the synergistic inhibition of the organism. These findings indicate that both the radiosensitivity of C. albicans and its response to the synergistic effects of γ-radiations and KTC are filamentation-dependent pharmacological processes

Vascular Disrupting Activity of Tubulin-Binding 1,5-Diaryl-1H-imidazoles

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RENORMALONS FROM EIGHT LOOP EXPANSION OF THE GLUON CONDENSATE IN LATTICE GAUGE THEORY,

We use a numerical method to obtain the weak coupling perturbative coefficients of local operators with lattice regularization. Such a method allows us to extend the perturbative expansions obtained so far by analytical Feynman diagrams calculations. In SU(3) lattice gauge theory in four dimensions we compute the first eight coefficients of the expectation value of the Wilson loop on the elementary plaquette which is related to the gluon condensate. The computed eight coefficients grow with the order much faster than predicted by the presence of the infrared renormalon associated to the dimension of the gluon condensate. However the renormalon behaviour for large order is quite well reproduced if one considers the expansion coefficients in a new coupling related to the lattice coupling by large perturbative corrections. This is expected since the lattice and continuum Lambda scales differ by almost two orders of magnitude.Comment: 11 pages, LaTe