832 research outputs found

    Extra-virgin olive oil phenols block cell cycle progression and modulate chemotherapeutic toxicity in bladder cancer cells

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    Epidemiological data indicate that the daily consumption of extra‑virgin olive oil (EVOO), a common dietary habit of the Mediterranean area, lowers the incidence of certain types of cancer, in particular bladder neoplasm. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of polyphenols extracted from EVOO on bladder cancer (BCa), and to clarify the biological mechanisms that trigger cell death. Furthermore, we also evaluated the ability of low doses of extra‑virgin olive oil extract (EVOOE) to modulate the in vitro activity of paclitaxel or mitomycin, two antineoplastic drugs used in the management of different types of cancer. Our results showed that EVOOE significantly inhibited the proliferation and clonogenic ability of T24 and 5637 BCa cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis after EVOOE treatment showed a marked growth arrest prior to mitosis in the G2/M phase for both cell lines, with the subsequent induction of apoptosis only in the T24 cells. Notably, simultaneous treatment of mitomycin C and EVOOE reduced the drug cytotoxicity due to inhibition of ROS production. Conversely, the co‑treatment of T24 cells with paclitaxel and the polyphenol extract strongly increased the apoptotic cell death at each tested concentration compared to paclitaxel alone. Our results support the epidemiological evidence indicating that olive oil consumption exerts health benefits and may represent a starting point for the development of new anticancer strategies

    Genetic structure of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, in the Central Mediterranean Sea

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    Abstract The gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, represents an important economic resource for Mediterranean aquaculture. In spite of its wide geographic distribution and economic importance, only recently studies have been carried out on the genetic composition of natural populations, which have revealed a picture of a heterogeneous degree of genetic differentiation among S. aurata populations. In this study an allozyme analysis of samples from six different collecting sites along the Italian and Croatian coasts was carried out, covering an area in the Central Mediterranean sea that has yet to be investigated through gene-enzyme systems. Data on 26 gene loci, 10 of which are polymorphic, indicate a slight but significant genetic structure (FST = 0.0167) of the species. A hierarchical analysis of population subdivision made it possible to identify three different assemblages found in the Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea and Sardinian Channel, though an isolation by distance model can be rejected. The results are discussed in the light of previous literature and taking conservation into consideration

    Avaliação da composição corporal de atletas do sexo feminino do projeto São Paulo Olímpico da Federação Paulista de Karatê

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    Olympic combat sports (ECO) include Boxing, Judo, Taekwondo, Wrestling and currently Karate, included in the 2020 Olympics in Japan. The purpose of this field investigation is to record the body composition of high level competitive female athletes of karate, to fill a gap in the knowledge of this Olympic sport. Twenty-four high level athletes of the Federação Paulista de Karatê (FPK) of the Projeto São Paulo Olímpico were evaluated through a double indirect methodology to asses body composition. The athletes have body composition consistent with the competitive level evidenced by other studies with similar samples, however the number of studies in this subject is quite restricted. This research presents fundamental results for the recording and follow-up of a sample of female athletes of karate who can contribute to the design of performance strategies.Os esportes de combate olímpicos (ECO) incluem o Boxe, Judô, Taekwondo, Wrestling e atualmente o Karatê, incluso nas olimpíadas de 2020, no Japão. O objetivo desta investigação de campo é registrar a composição corporal de atletas do sexo feminino de alto nível competitivo de karatê, para preencher uma lacuna no conhecimento desta modalidade esportiva olímpica. Foram avaliadas 24 atletas de alto nível da Federação Paulista de Karatê (FPK) do Projeto São Paulo Olímpico através de metodologia duplamente indireta para avaliação da composição corporal. As atletas possuem composição corporal condizente com o nível competitivo evidenciado por outros estudos com amostras semelhantes, porém o número de estudos nesta temática é bastante restrito. Esta investigação apresenta resultados fundamentais para registro e acompanhamento de amostra de atletas do sexo feminino de karatê que poderão contribuir para o delineamento de estratégias de rendimento

    Prenúncios da emancipação feminina: o despontar da nova mulher em De amor y de sombra e Uma varanda sobre o silêncio

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    IX Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas realizado nos dias 22 a 25 agosto 2016A preocupação relativa à temática feminina e às construções sociais dos papéis inerentes ao gênero feminino tem encontrado, nos tempos atuais, um merecido espaço de acolhida por parte dos estudiosos e dos pesquisadores da área, no intento de desconstruir o mito patriarcal, segundo o qual “o mundo sempre pertenceu aos machos” (BEAUVOIR, 2009). No presente estudo, analisaremos o comportamento feminino concernente aos avanços sociais e individuais em relação ao direito da mulher de encontrar um devido espaço de realização pessoal. Para tanto, tomaremos como base as personagens centrais dos romances De amor y de sombra e Uma varanda sobre o silêncio, escritos por Isabel Allende (1942) e Josué Montello (19172006), ambas no ano de 1984. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em revelar aos estudiosos da temática feminina que, dentre as principais realizações da mulher, nos tempos atuais, encontramos sentido também em realizála como pessoa e profissionalmente, e não apenas na maternidade e na procriação (SWAIN, 2007), os principais pilares da significação femininaUNILA­-UNIOEST

    Validação de conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem Náusea

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    Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la validez de contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería de las náuseas en el postoperatorio inmediato, teniendo en cuenta el modelo de Fehring. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con 52 expertos que respondieron un instrumento que contenía los datos de identificación y validación del diagnóstico de náuseas. La mayoría de los expertos consideran el dominio 12 (Confort), Clase 1 (Confort físico) y el estado (Náusea) adecuados para el diagnóstico. Fueron sugeridas modificaciones en la definición actual del diagnóstico de enfermería en estudio. Se consideraron cuatro características definitorias como principales (verbalización de náuseas, aumento de la salivación, aversión a la comida y sensación de vómito) y ocho secundarias (aumento de la deglución, sabor amargo en la boca, palidez, taquicardia, sudoración, sensación de calor y frío, cambios en la presión arterial y dilatación de la pupila). La puntuación total del diagnóstico de náusea fue de 0,79. El reporte de náuseas, sensación de vómito, aumento de la salivación y la aversión a los alimentos sólidos son fuertes indicadores del diagnóstico de enfermería de náusea.This study aimed to evaluate the content validity of the nursing diagnosis of nausea in the immediate post-operative period, considering Fehring’s model. Descriptive study with 52 nurses experts who responded an instrument containing identification and validation of nausea diagnosis data. Most experts considered the domain 12 (Comfort), Class 1 (Physical Comfort) and the statement (Nausea) adequate to the diagnosis. Modifications were suggested in the current definition of this nursing diagnosis. Four defining characteristics were considered primary (reported nausea, increased salivation, aversion to food and vomiting sensation) and eight secondary (increased swallowing, sour taste in the mouth, pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis, sensation of hot and cold, changes in blood pressure and pupil dilation). The total score for the diagnosis of nausea was 0.79. Reports of nausea, vomiting sensation, increased salivation and aversion to food are strong predictors of nursing diagnosis of nausea.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a validade de conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem Náusea no período pós-operatório imediato, considerando-se o modelo de Fehring. Estudo descritivo com 52 expertos que responderam um instrumento que continha dados de identificação e de validação do diagnóstico Náusea. A maioria dos expertos considerou o domínio 12 (Conforto), a classe 1 (Conforto físico) e o enunciado (Náusea) adequados ao diagnóstico. Foram sugeridas modificações na definição atual do diagnóstico de enfermagem em estudo. Quatro características definidoras foram consideradas principais (relato de náusea, salivação aumentada, aversão à comida e sensação de vômito) e oito secundárias (deglutição aumentada, gosto amargo na boca, palidez, taquicardia, diaforese, sensação de calor e frio, alterações da pressão arterial e dilatação pupilar). O escore total do diagnóstico Náusea foi de 0,79. O relato de náusea, sensação de vômito, salivação aumentada e aversão à comida são fortes indicativos do diagnóstico de enfermagem Náusea

    Micro and Nanoplastics Identification: Classic Methods and Innovative Detection Techniques

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    Micro and nanoplastics are fragments with dimensions less than a millimeter invading all terrestrial and marine environments. They have become a major global environmental issue in recent decades and, indeed, recent scientific studies have highlighted the presence of these fragments all over the world even in environments that were thought to be unspoiled. Analysis of micro/nanoplastics in isolated samples from abiotic and biotic environmental matrices has become increasingly common. Hence, the need to find valid techniques to identify these micro and nano-sized particles. In this review, we discuss the current and potential identification methods used in microplastic analyses along with their advantages and limitations. We discuss the most suitable techniques currently available, from physical to chemical ones, as well as the challenges to enhance the existing methods and develop new ones. Microscopical techniques (i.e., dissect, polarized, fluorescence, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy) are one of the most used identification methods for micro/nanoplastics, but they have the limitation to produce incomplete results in analyses of small particles. At present, the combination with chemical analysis (i.e., spectroscopy) overcome this limit together with recently introduced alternative approaches. For example, holographic imaging in microscope configuration images microplastics directly in unfiltered water, thus discriminating microplastics from diatoms and differentiates different sizes, shapes, and plastic types. The development of new analytical instruments coupled with each other or with conventional and innovative microscopy could solve the current problems in the identification of micro/nanoplastics

    Currents concepts about physical exercise, fatigue and nutrition

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    A fadiga, ou incapacidade de manter o rendimento durante exercício físico moderado e prolongado, tem sido tradicionalmente atribuída à inibições nos mecanismos de contração do músculo esquelético: a denominada fadiga periférica. Diversos trabalhos, recentemente, têm apontado que a fadiga durante o exercício de resistência pode ser atribuída à atividades serotonérgicas cerebrais (fadiga central), bem como ao o papel de certos aminoácidos, principalmente os de cadeia ramificada e os aromáticos, cujos substratos para o metabolismo intermediário são precursores de neurotransmissores do cérebro. Há agora convincentes evidências de que a indução pelo exercício nas alterações da razão triptofano livre (Trpü/aminoácidos neutros (AAN) está associada com aumento da concentração de serotonina cerebral e desenvolvimento de fadiga. A influência da manipulação nutricional na proporção TrpL/AAN no desempenho é ainda menos conhecida. O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar os prováveis mecanismos da fadiga central e periférica e as prováveis relações entre elasThe fatigue, or inability to maintain power output during prolonged moderated physical exercise has traditionally been attributed to inhibition of the skeletal muscle contractile mechanisms, named peripheral fatigue. Several papers over the past few years have hypothesized that fatigue during endurance exercise may be influenced by the activity of the brain serotonergic system (Central Fatigue Hypothesis), and the role of certains amino acids as substrate for intermediaiy metabolism and precursors of brain neurotransmitters, ie, there is now convincing evidence that exercise induced changes in the plasma free tryptophan (TrpF)/neutral amino acids (AAN) ratio are associated with the increasing of the brain serotonin and the onset of fatigue. The influence of nutritional manipulation of Trpp/AAN on performance is less well established. The focus of the present review is to discuss possible mechanisms involved in the central and peripheral fatigue and plausible relations between the
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