Radiation Hardness tests with neutron flux on different Silicon photomultiplier devices

Radiation hardness is an important requirement for solid state readout devices operating in high radiation environments common in particle physics experiments. The MEGII experiment, at PSI, Switzerland, investigates the forbidden decay $\mu^+ \to \mathrm{e}^+ \gamma$. Exploiting the most intense muon beam of the world. A significant flux of non-thermal neutrons (kinetic energy $E_k\geq 0.5 ~MeV$) is present in the experimental hall produced along the beamline and in the hall itself. We present the effects of neutron fluxes comparable to the MEGII expected doses on several Silicon PhotoMulitpliers (SiPMs). The tested models are: AdvanSiD ASD-NUV3S-P50 (used in MEGII experiment), AdvanSiD ASD-NUV3S-P40, AdvanSiD ASD-RGB3S-P40, Hamamatsu and Excelitas C30742-33-050-X. The neutron source is the thermal Sub-critical Multiplication complex (SM1) moderated with water, located at the University of Pavia (Italy). We report the change of SiPMs most important electric parameters: dark current, dark pulse frequency, gain, direct bias resistance, as a function of the integrated neutron fluency.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Proceedings from Instrumentation for colliding Beam Physics (INSTR-17) 27-02-2017/03-03-2017 Novosibirsk (R

Involvement of sperm acetylated histones and the nuclear isoform of Glutathione peroxidase 4 in fertilization

We previously demonstrated that the nuclear form of Glutathione peroxidase 4 (nGPx4) has a peculiar distribution in sperm head, being localized to nuclear matrix and acrosome and that sperm lacking nGPx4 are more prone to decondensation in vitro. In this study we have hypothesized that sperm retained acetylated histones and nGPx4 are implicated in paternal chromatin decondensation and male pronucleus formation at fertilization. Indeed, significant higher amounts of acetylated histone H4 and acetylated histone H3 were observed by both immunofluorescence and western blotting in nGPx4-KO sperm vs WT ones. In vitro fertilization of zona pellucida- deprived oocytes by WT sperm in the presence of trichostatin (TSA) also demonstrated that paternal histone acetylation was inversely related to the timing of sperm nucleus decondensation at fertilization. In contrast, TSA had no effect on nGPx4-KO sperm, indicating they had a maximal level of histone acetylation. Moreover the paternally imprinted gene Igf2/H19 was hypomethylated in KO sperm compared to WT ones. The lack of nGPx4 negatively affected male fertility, causing a marked decrease in total pups and pregnancies with delivery, a significant reduction in pronuclei (PN) embryos in in vitro fertilization assays and an approximately 2 h delay in egg fertilization in vivo. Because the zona pellucida binding and fusion to oolemma of nGPx4-KO and WT sperm were similar, the subfertility of nGPx4 sperm reflected a decreased sperm progression through egg cumulus/zona pellucida, pinpointing a defective acrosome in line with acrosomal nGPx4 localization. We conclude that paternal acetylated histones and acrosomal nGPx4 are directly involved in fertilization

NFFA-Europe Pilot - D9.1 - Deployment of the VA service prototypes

This Deliverable presents the prototype of the first Virtual Access service: an instance of the MetaStore, named MetaRepo. The service has been installed as a virtual machine hosted at KIT, and has been connected to the Single-Sign-On. The service can be accessed using a Graphical User Interface. A monitoring service on the MetaRepo side makes a call to the API of the database test instance at each action performed in the MetaRepo by logged-in users, in order to keep track of the activities of the Virtual Access service

Pooled analysis of bleeding profile, efficacy and safety of oral oestradiol valerate/dienogest in women aged 25 and under

Purpose: To evaluate differences in key outcomes between younger and older women receiving the oral contraceptive oestradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG). Methods: We conducted a pooled post hoc analysis of primary data from 12 studies of E2V/DNG, stratified by age (≤25 [n = 1309] and >25 [n = 2132] years). Outcomes included safety, efficacy, bleeding profile and hormone-withdrawal-associated symptoms (HWAS). Bleeding and HWAS analyses are also presented for women aged ≤20 years (n = 362). Discontinuations were considered a proxy for patient satisfaction. Results: Results were generally similar for younger and older women. The percentage of women aged ≤25 and >25 years experiencing intracyclic bleeding did not differ between groups (13.4% and 12.8% at cycle 12, respectively), with similar results in women aged ≤20 years (12.7%, cycle 12). Rates of withdrawal bleeding were very similar in women aged ≤25 and >25 years (78.5% and 78.9%, respectively, cycle 12). We also found a similar adjusted Pearl index in the two age groups (0.45 vs 0.57, respectively), similar rates of AEs and HWAS and no difference in discontinuations. Conclusions: Women aged ≤25 and >25 years have a similar experience with an E2V/DNV oral contraceptive, supporting this as an appropriate contraceptive option in younger and older women

Effects of different vegetation types on burnt soil properties and microbial communities

The intensive wildfires recurring in the Mediterranean area modify soil physico-chemical properties, in turn inducing changes in soil microbial abundance and activity. Soils were sampled from burnt and adjacent unburnt sites within Vesuvius National Park 1 year after a large wildfire occurred in summer 2017. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of fires on soil characteristics and to investigate whether different plant types contribute to mitigating or enhancing these effects. The results showed lower organic matter and water content and a higher C/N ratio in burnt than in unburnt soils. In particular, this trend was the same for all the plant types investigated, with the exception of soils covered by black locust tree and holm oak, which showed a higher C/N ratio in unburnt than in burnt soils. In soils covered by holm oaks, a shift in the bacterial and fungal fractions occurred between burnt and unburnt soils, whereas the amount of ammonia oxidisers was notably higher in burnt than in unburnt soils covered by black locusts; the highest N concentration was also measured in burnt soils covered by black locusts. The burnt soils showed a lower metabolic quotient and a higher rate of organic carbon mineralisation compared with unburnt soils, and this trend was particularly evident in soils under herbaceous plants. The findings suggest that soils covered by herbaceous species are more sensitive to fire effects and less able to restore their functionality compared with soils covered by trees

Field and Temperature Shaping for Microwave Hyperthermia: Recent Treatment Planning Tools to Enhance SAR-Based Procedures

The aim of the article is to provide a summary of the work carried out in the framework of a research project funded by the Italian Ministry of Research. The main goal of the activity was to introduce multiple tools for reliable, affordable, and high-performance microwave hyperthermia for cancer therapy. The proposed methodologies and approaches target microwave diagnostics, accurate in vivo electromagnetic parameters estimation, and improvement in treatment planning using a single device. This article provides an overview of the proposed and tested techniques and shows their complementarity and interconnection. To highlight the approach, we also present a novel combination of specific absorption rate optimization via convex programming with a temperature-based refinement method implemented to mitigate the effect of thermal boundary conditions on the final temperature map. To this purpose, numerical tests were carried out for both simple and anatomically detailed 3D scenarios for the head and neck region. These preliminary results show the potential of the combined technique and improvements in the temperature coverage of the tumor target with respect to the case wherein no refinement is adopted

Lung regions differently modulate bronchial branching development and extracellular matrix plays a role in regulating the development of chick embryo whole lung.

Normal branching development is dependent on the correlation between cells and extracellular matrix. In this interaction glycosaminoglycans, cytokines and growth factors play a fundamental role. In order to verify the distribution and influence of extracellular matrix and related enzymes on chick embryo lung development, 6 day-old whole lungs were maintained in vitro with testicular hyaluronidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase and chondrotinase ABC or in linkage with apical, medial and caudal lung regions of 6-day development before and after enzyme treatment. In a separate lung region beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase and hyaluronidase were determined. Our data show that the whole lung cultures increase bronchial branching development when the medial region is admixed separately, while the separate apical or caudal regions or apical combined with caudal region do not affect bronchial branching development. The enzyme treatment of medial region prevents the branching development in associated whole lung. The bronchial branching development of whole lung cultured in medium containing the enzymes related to glycosaminoglycans turnover is significantly altered. In conclusion, these data show that the different influence of separate apical, medial, caudal lung regions on bronchial branching development is related to the extracellular matrix composition

Intrusion-extrusion experiments of MgCl2 aqueous solution in pure silica ferrierite: Evidence of the nature of intruded liquid by in situ high pressure synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction

Experimental intrusion-extrusion isotherms of MgCl221H2O solution were recorded at room temperature on pure silica FER-type zeolite (Si-FER). The intrusion occurs at 195 MPa and the phenomenon is completely reversible with a slight hysteresis. The \u201cSi-FER - MgCl2 aqueous solution\u201d system behaves like a spring. The material was deeply characterized before and after intrusion-extrusion experiments and no significant changes were observed. The unit cell parameters were refined e on the basis of the in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data - up to 1.47 GPa and then at Pamb upon pressure release. The Rietveld refinement of the data collected at 0.28 GPa (280 MPa), a pressure close to the intrusion value, shows that both ions and water molecules present in the MgCl2 aqueous solution were intruded in the porosities. However, the solvation degree of the intruded ions differs from the initial solution, revealing a partial desolvation of both magnesium and chloride ions. As a whole, the nature and amount of the intruded species correspond to a MgCl210H2O composition. Moreover, at a higher pressure (0.68 GPa), a phase transition from the orthorhombic Pmnn to the monoclinic P21/n s.g. is observed in Si-FER. At 1.47 GPa, the zeolite maintains this monoclinic symmetry, while another phase transition, to the monoclinic P21 s g., is argued from the analysis of the pattern of the sample compressed to 2.6 GPa and then collected upon pressure release to ambient conditions