New bryophyte records from Majorca (Balearic Islands), II

Se indican nuevas localidades para diversas especies de brió- fitos que eran consideradas raras en Mallorca o en todo el archipiélago balear. Archidium alternifolium, Cephaloziella stellulifera, Fossombronia caespiti- formis subsp. multispira y Riccia crustata son citadas por primera vez de Mallorca. El área de distribución en Baleares de Bryum pseudotriquetrum y Cryphaea heteromalla se ve incrementada.New localities for several unknown and poorly-recorded bryophyte species from Majorca are here reported. Archidium alternifolium, Cephaloziella stellulifera, Fossombronia caespitiformis subsp. multispira and Riccia crustata are new records for Majorca. The distribution area of Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Cryphaea heteromalla in the Balearic Islands is enlarged

Introducció a la brioflora dels avencs mallorquins

[spa] Se presentan los resultados de una campaña de prospecciones, llevada a cabo durante los últimos dos años, en la que se han inventariado las especies de briófitas (musgos y hepáticas) que pueblan las entrada de veintitrés simas mallorquines. En total se citan treina y seis especies que muestran una desigual afinidad con relación a las características ambientales de dicho medio cavernícola, si bien algunas de ellas (Thamnobryum alopecurum, Homalia lusitánica, Fissidens cristatus, Eucladium verticillatum y Mnium sp.) han sido encontradas en las simas con notable regularidad. Algunas de las especies que se enumeran en el catálogo florístico no habían sido halladas hasta el presente en las Baleares, sin embargo otras eran conocidas tan sólo en unas pocas localidades exteriores viéndose ahora ampliada considerablemente su distribución geográfica en la Isla de Mallorca. Se incluyen, por último, diversos daros ecológicos y comentarios adicionales sobre las asociaciones de briófitas y su zonación vertical en el interior de las simas estudiadas.[eng] The results of a speleo-botanical campaign, carried out during the past two years, are presented here; in this prospection the species of bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) that populate the entrances to twenty-three Majorcan potholes have been studied. So much as thirty-six species that exhibit an unequal affinity with relation to the ambiental features of this cave environment have been cited, although some of them (Thamnobryum alopecurum, Homala lusitanica, Fissidens cristatus, Eucladium verticillatum and Mnium sp.) have been found in the cavities with notable regularity. Some of the species listed in the botanical inventory had not previously found in the Balearic Islands, whereas other were known only in some few exterior locations; in this manner their geographic distribution on the Island of Mallorca has been found to be now considerable wider. Lastly are included various ecological data and additional remarks regarding the bryophyte associations and their vertical zoning in the interior of the potholes studied

A new combination in Mauranthemum (Asteraceae)

El análisis de la variación morfólógica de las poblaciones ibicencas de Mauranthemum paludosum subsp. ebusitanum (Vogt) Vogt and Oberpr. (? Leucanthemum paludosum subsp. ebusitanum Vogt) sugiere su recoconocimiento taxonómico a nivel específico. Se propone la nueva combinación nomenclatural, Mauranthemum ebusitanum (Vogt) N. Torres and Rosselló

Early evolutionary colocalization of the nuclear ribosomal 5S and 45S gene families in seed plants: evidence from the living fossil gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba

In seed plants, the colocalization of the 5S loci within the intergenic spacer (IGS) of the nuclear 45S tandem units is restricted to the phylogenetically derived Asteraceae family. However, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) colocalization of both multigene families has also been observed in other unrelated seed plant lineages. Previous work has identified colocalization of 45S and 5S loci in Ginkgo biloba using FISH, but these observations have not been confirmed recently by sequencing a 1.8 kb IGS. In this work, we report the presence of the 45S–5S linkage in G. biloba, suggesting that in seed plants the molecular events leading to the restructuring of the ribosomal loci are much older than estimated previously. We obtained a 6.0 kb IGS fragment showing structural features of functional sequences, and a single copy of the 5S gene was inserted in the same direction of transcription as the ribosomal RNA genes. We also obtained a 1.8 kb IGS that was a truncate variant of the 6.0 kb IGS lacking the 5S gene. Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that the 1.8 kb variants are pseudogenes that are present exclusively on the satellite chromosomes bearing the 45S–5S genes. The presence of ribosomal IGS pseudogenes best reconciles contradictory results concerning the presence or absence of the 45S–5S linkage in Ginkgo. Our finding that both ribosomal gene families have been unified to a single 45S–5S unit in Ginkgo indicates that an accurate reassessment of the organization of rDNA genes in basal seed plants is necessary

New and interesting Bryophyte records from Minorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)

Nuevas citas de Briófitos interesantes de Menorca (Islas Baleares). Se indican nuevas localidades para diversas especies de briófitos que eran desconocidas o consideradas raras en Menorca. Las siguientes especies Fossombronia caespitiformis subsp. multispira, Mannia androgyna, Oxymitra incrassata, Riccia crinita, R. nigrella, Acaulon mediterraneum, A. triquetrum, Brachytheciastrum velutinum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, B. rubens, Campylopus introflexus, Drepanocladus aduncus, Ephemerum recurvifolium, Grimmia tergestina, Gymnostomum calcareum var. lanceolatum, G. viridulum, Habrodon perpusillus, Microbryum curvicollum, Orthotrichum tenellum, Pleuridium acuminatum, Pterogonium gracile, and Tortula atrovirens constituyen novedad para la flora briológica de la isla.New records for several unknown and rare bryophyte species from Minorca are here reported. The following species Fossombronia caespitiformis subsp. multispira, Mannia androgyna, Oxymitra incrassata, Riccia crinita, R. nigrella, Acaulon mediterraneum, A. triquetrum, Brachytheciastrum velutinum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, B. rubens, Campylopus introflexus, Drepanocladus aduncus, Ephemerum recurvifolium, Grimmia tergestina, Gymnostomum calcareum var. lanceolatum, G. viridulum, Habrodon perpusillus, Microbryum curvicollum, Orthotrichum tenellum, Pleuridium acuminatum, Pterogonium gracile, and Tortula atrovirens are new records for the flora of Minorca. The distribution area of other taxa in the island is enlarged

Patterns of genetic variability and habitat occupancy in Crepis triasii (Asteraceae) at different spatial scales: insights on evolutionary processes leading to diversification in continental islands

Background and AimsArchipelagos are unique systems for studying evolutionary processes promoting diversification and speciation. The islands of the Mediterranean basin are major areas of plant richness, including a high proportion of narrow endemics. Many endemic plants are currently found in rocky habitats, showing varying patterns of habitat occupancy at different spatial scales throughout their range. The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of varying patterns of population distribution on genetic diversity and structure to shed light on demographic and evolutionary processes leading to population diversification in Crepis triasii, an endemic plant from the eastern Balearic Islands.MethodsUsing allozyme and chloroplast markers, we related patterns of genetic structure and diversity to those of habitat occupancy at a regional (between islands and among populations within islands) and landscape (population size and connectivity) scale.Key ResultsGenetic diversity was highly structured both at the regional and at the landscape level, and was positively correlated with population connectivity in the landscape. Populations located in small isolated mountains and coastal areas, with restricted patterns of regional occupancy, were genetically less diverse and much more differentiated. In addition, more isolated populations had stronger fine-scale genetic structure than well-connected ones. Changes in habitat availability and quality arising from marine transgressions during the Quaternary, as well as progressive fragmentation associated with the aridification of the climate since the last glaciation, are the most plausible factors leading to the observed patterns of genetic diversity and structure.ConclusionsOur results emphasize the importance of gene flow in preventing genetic erosion and maintaining the evolutionary potential of populations. They also agree with recent studies highlighting the importance of restricted gene flow and genetic drift as drivers of plant evolution in Mediterranean continental islands

Index Balearicum (II): An Annotated check-list of the vascular plants described from the balearic islands. Additions (2002-2007) and corrections

Se presentan adiciones y correcciones al listado de plantas vasculares cuyo tipo nomenclatural es originario de las islas Baleares. Se propone una nueva combinación nomenclatural: Sonchus willkommii (Burnat & Barbey) comb. nov.Additions and corrections to the check-list of vascular plants described from the Balearic Islands are presented. A nomenclatural change is proposed: Sonchus willkommii (Burnat & Barbey) comb. nov

A new combination in Balearic Sonchus (Asteraceae)

El análisis filogenético de representantes de la tribu Sonchinae (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) basado en secuencias de ADN de los genomas nuclear y cloroplástico ha revelado que el género Aetheorhiza Cass. se incluye dentro de Sonchus L. El endemismo balear Aetheorhiza montana Willk. es incluido en Sonchus como S. montanus (Willk.) Rosselló, comb. novPhylogenetic analysis of members of the subtribe Sonchinae (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences have revealed that the genus Aetheorhiza Cass. is included within Sonchus L. lineages. The Balearic endemic Aetheorhiza montana Willk. is transferred to Sonchus as S. montanus (Willk.) Rosselló, comb. no