"Dynamic Canthopexy" Drill Hole Canthal Repositioning

Background: Canthopexies can be performed to modify the eye slant, both when the lateral canthus is lower than the medial one (congenital defect) or in case the patient asks for an almond-shaped eye (cosmetic indication).Objectives: This peculiar type of canthopexy can be defined as "dynamic canthopexy," meaning that the lateral canthus is released from its original insertion and raised to a higher position. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the differences and the efficacy of the dynamic cantoplasty.Methods: The authors reviewed 30 patients treated with a "dynamic canthopexy" between January 2005 and March 2015. Eighteen patients were affected by true downslanting palpebral fissure, and 12 patients had a normal eye shape but were wishing for a more "Asian" look. Dynamic canthopexy involves a total modification of the canthal suspension system and its careful reconstruction at a higher level inside the orbital rim. To obtain a permanent result, canthal ligament and tendon had to be anchored to drill holes in the orbital rim bone with nonabsorbable sutures. Symmetry was very carefully assessed. The average surgical time was 1 hour.Results: This surgery proved extremely effective in all cases. Patients must be warned, though, that an initial hypercorrection is necessary to achieve the desired canthal position. About 6 months after surgery the result of this operation can be considered permanent. Severe complications are rare.Conclusions: Dynamic canthopexy can provide stable correction of anti-Mongolian slant. It can also be effectively employed to obtain permanent slant eyes when required by purely cosmetic patients. If precisely carried out, this technique can yield very rewarding outcomes

Use of integra artificial dermis to reduce donor site morbidity after pedicle flaps in hand surgery

Purpose To assess the results obtained with Integra artificial dermis to cover donor site following the harvesting of pedicle flaps for hand reconstruction.Methods Between April 2010 and August 2013, 11 patients (8 men and 3 women; mean age, 37 y) were treated with Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (Integra LifeSciences, Inc., Plainsboro, NY) to cover donor defects after raising pedicle flaps for hand and finger reconstruction: radial forearm flap (4 cases), ulnar artery perforator flap (2 cases), and heterodigital island flap (5 cases). After neodermis formation the silicone layer of the artificial dermis was removed (on average after 22 days) and a split- or full-thickness epidermal autograft placed.Results No infections, hematoma, or bleeding were recorded during the entire phase in which the artificial skin was applied. Two patients experienced a partial skin graft loss. Median follow-up was 20 months, and results included an average Vancouver Scar Scale rating of 2.7 and an average DASH score of 39. There were no cases of graft adherence to the underlying tendons or muscles.Conclusions Favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes were obtained using a dermal regeneration template for the treatment of donor site defects. Despite the drawback of an additional surgical procedure (secondary skin graft), the use of this artificial skin produced soft-tissue augmentation and graft-skin quality, reducing donor site morbidity. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV

The use of banked skin in the Burns Centre of Verona

Background. The use of glycerol and subsequent research enabling the conservation of tissues over time have led to the establishment and development of tissue banks, first in the USA and then in Europe. The Verona Tissue Bank was instituted in 2003 as the Regional Centre for the storage of skin and bone, adding to the already existing Italian banks at Turin, Milan, Cesena and Siena. This retrospective study analyses the use of banked skin (autologous and allogeneic grafts) from April 2003 (date of starting activity) to December 2007, in 171 patients with burns and four with necrotising fasciitis at the Burns Centre of Verona. Materials and methods. Homologous skin was used for superficial and deep skin burns to protect the residual structures, thus facilitating healing by spontaneous re-epithelialisation, and for deep burns after eschar removal to clean and prepare the base of the lesion for the definitive autologous graft. The placement of a homologous graft alone led to spontaneous healing of lesions in 65 patients (36 aged >15 years and 29 aged <15 years) with superficial skin burns, while the remaining 106 patients (84 aged >15 years and 22 aged <15 years) with deeper burns underwent surgery. Conclusions. The results obtained confirm the essential role of banked skin in covering superficial burns in order to protect important underlying structures and in deep burns by guaranteeing a good preparation of the base of the lesion for the subsequent definitive autologous graft. \ua9 SIMTI Servizi Srl

Entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of Gryllus sp. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) under laboratory and field conditions

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic nematodes are effective in controlling soil insects and they are used in agricultural systems. The virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes on crickets (Gryllus L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) was evaluated under different conditions in order to select populations for application in the field. Virulence tests with Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC05, H. amazonensis MC01, Steinernema carpocapsae All (Weiser) and H. amazonensis GL were performed. Evaluations were then made of the concentrations of infective juveniles (100, 200, 400 and 600 infective juveniles per insect); feeding preference with or without choice; and field tests using traps to evaluate insect sampling. All isolates were found to cause mortality in Gryllus sp., and H. amazonensis MC01 and S. carpocapsae All were selected; an increase in concentration resulted in increased insect mortality. Regarding the feeding preference tests, after 16 h there was no feeding in any of the treatments. In treatments with a chance of choice, it was verified that the crickets fed, independently of the presence of the nematodes. In the field tests, 19 live crickets were found in the traps, and, after application of entomopathogenic nematodes in aqueous suspension, 2 live crickets were found. Results suggested that H. amazonensis MC01 was promising in the control of Gryllus sp. under the tested conditions