KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL ASPHALT CONCRETE-BINDER COURSE DENGAN BAHAN PENGISI BATU KARANG TAENO

Abstract   The coral rocks on Mount Taeno, Waringin Cap Village, Ambon, have the potential to be used as a filler for asphalt mixtures. In this research, an analysis of the use of filler material, which comes from Mount Taeno coral rocks, was carried out on the Marshall characteristics of asphalt mixtures, with a type of Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course. Asphalt mixtures are made with different asphalt contents, namely 5.0%; 5.5%; and 6.0%, and the filler content given to each mixture is 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Evaluation was carried out on these mixtures using the 2018 General Specifications of the Bina Marga. This research shows that the asphalt content of the mixture influences the value of the optimum filler content added to the mixture. The higher the mixed asphalt content, the higher the optimum filler content that can be added. The optimum filler content for mixtures with asphalt content of 5.0%, 5.5%, and 6.0% is 1.30%, 1.58%, and 1.79%, respectively. The asphalt content in the Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course observed in this study was limited to only 5.0%, 5.5%, and 6.0%. Therefore, further studies are recommended to be carried out, on mixtures with asphalt content higher than 6.0%, with variations in filler content greater than 3.0%. Keywords: asphalt mixture; Marshall characteristics; filler; optimum filler content     Abstrak   Batu karang di Gunung Taeno, Dusun Waringin Cap, Ambon, berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan pengisi campuran beraspal. Pada penelitian dilakukan analisis penggunaan bahan pengisi, yang berasal dari batu karang Gunung Taeno, terhadap karakteristik Marshall campuran beraspal, jenis Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course. Campuran beraspal dibuat dengan kadar aspal yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 5,0%; 5,5%; dan 6,0%, dan kadar bahan pengisi yang diberikan kepada masing-masin campuran tersebut adalah 0%, 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap campuran-campuran tersebut dengan menggunakan Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar aspal campuran berpengaruh terhadap nilai kadar bahan pengisi optimum yang ditambahkan pada campuran. Semakin tinggi nilai kadar aspal campuran, semakin tinggi pula kadar bahan pengisi optimum yang dapat ditambahkan. Kadar bahan pengisi optimum untuk campuran dengan kadar aspal 5,0%, 5,5%, dan 6,0%, berturut-turut adalah 1,30%, 1,58%, dan 1,79%. Kadar aspal pada Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course yang diamati pada studi ini terbatas hanya 5,0%, 5,5%, dan 6,0%. Karena itu, kajian lebih lanjut disarankan untuk dilakukan, pada campuran dengan kadar aspal yang lebih tinggi daripada 6,0%, dengan variasi kadar bahan pengisi yang lebih besar daripada 3,0%.   Kata-kata kunci: campuran beraspal; karakteristik Marshall; bahan pengisi; kadar bahan pengisi optimu

A call to safeguard sexual and reproductive health information and services during Ebola outbreaks

The recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks in 2021 exemplify how sexual and reproductive health services are too often considered unessential during health emergencies. Bleeding for reasons other than EVD, such as pregnancy complications or rape, can be construed as EVD symptoms, reinforcing fear and stigmatisation, and delaying timely access to adequate care. In this commentary, we urgently call on all humanitarian actors to integrate the Minimum Initial Services Package for Sexual and Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations into current and future EVD preparedness and response efforts

KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL ASPHALT CONCRETE-BINDER COURSE DENGAN BAHAN PENGISI BATU KARANG TAENO

Abstract   The coral rocks on Mount Taeno, Waringin Cap Village, Ambon, have the potential to be used as a filler for asphalt mixtures. In this research, an analysis of the use of filler material, which comes from Mount Taeno coral rocks, was carried out on the Marshall characteristics of asphalt mixtures, with a type of Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course. Asphalt mixtures are made with different asphalt contents, namely 5.0%; 5.5%; and 6.0%, and the filler content given to each mixture is 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Evaluation was carried out on these mixtures using the 2018 General Specifications of the Bina Marga. This research shows that the asphalt content of the mixture influences the value of the optimum filler content added to the mixture. The higher the mixed asphalt content, the higher the optimum filler content that can be added. The optimum filler content for mixtures with asphalt content of 5.0%, 5.5%, and 6.0% is 1.30%, 1.58%, and 1.79%, respectively. The asphalt content in the Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course observed in this study was limited to only 5.0%, 5.5%, and 6.0%. Therefore, further studies are recommended to be carried out, on mixtures with asphalt content higher than 6.0%, with variations in filler content greater than 3.0%. Keywords: asphalt mixture; Marshall characteristics; filler; optimum filler content     Abstrak   Batu karang di Gunung Taeno, Dusun Waringin Cap, Ambon, berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan pengisi campuran beraspal. Pada penelitian dilakukan analisis penggunaan bahan pengisi, yang berasal dari batu karang Gunung Taeno, terhadap karakteristik Marshall campuran beraspal, jenis Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course. Campuran beraspal dibuat dengan kadar aspal yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 5,0%; 5,5%; dan 6,0%, dan kadar bahan pengisi yang diberikan kepada masing-masin campuran tersebut adalah 0%, 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap campuran-campuran tersebut dengan menggunakan Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar aspal campuran berpengaruh terhadap nilai kadar bahan pengisi optimum yang ditambahkan pada campuran. Semakin tinggi nilai kadar aspal campuran, semakin tinggi pula kadar bahan pengisi optimum yang dapat ditambahkan. Kadar bahan pengisi optimum untuk campuran dengan kadar aspal 5,0%, 5,5%, dan 6,0%, berturut-turut adalah 1,30%, 1,58%, dan 1,79%. Kadar aspal pada Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course yang diamati pada studi ini terbatas hanya 5,0%, 5,5%, dan 6,0%. Karena itu, kajian lebih lanjut disarankan untuk dilakukan, pada campuran dengan kadar aspal yang lebih tinggi daripada 6,0%, dengan variasi kadar bahan pengisi yang lebih besar daripada 3,0%.   Kata-kata kunci: campuran beraspal; karakteristik Marshall; bahan pengisi; kadar bahan pengisi optimu

Technological characterisation of probiotic lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures for dry fermented sausages

The objective of this study was to investigate probiotic microorganisms for use as starter cultures in dry fermented sausages production. A total of eight strains were studied evaluating technological and safety characteristics including the ability to grow, lactic acid production, gas formation, catalase activity, nitrate reductase activity, proteolytic activity, lipolytic activity, hydrogen peroxide production, salt tolerance, performance at low temperatures, decarboxylation of amino acids and antimicrobial activity against pathogens associated with the product. Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011, L. rhamnosus Lr-32, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Enterococcus faecium MXVK29 were good candidates for use as fermented sausages starters cultures because they showed the best technological and safety properties since they did not demonstrate amino acid decarboxylation but showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Dublin and Staphylococcus aureus. L. rhamnosus Lr-32 was the strain best tolerating the levels of salt, nitrate and low pH during the simulated stages of fermentation and ripening of sausage. The strain was thus the most promising of the tested probiotics as sausage starter culture. The findings warrant studies in a meat matrix, such as that of raw-cured sausage, to evaluate the effects of L. rhamnosus Lr-32 under actual conditions.Fil: Agüero, Nadia de Lourdes. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ouwehand, Arthur C.. No especifíca;Fil: Aleu, Gonzalo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, Marcelo Raul. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentin

Individual Rights, Economic Transactions, and Recognition: A Legal Approach to Social Economics

Modernity brought the idea of individual property rights as a com- plex phenomenon. However, economics adopted a simplistic view of property as a fundamental institution, understating the complex interaction of different rights and obligations that frame the legal environment of economic processes with an insufficiently elaborated tool. Here, a more elaborate view of legal elements will be propose

First Salmonella spp. prevalence study in pigs and pork products from the province of Córdoba, Argentine

The study of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in the pig and pork production chain is important to reduce the risk of spreading this pathogen into the human population. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pigs and pork products from Córdoba. Mesenteric lymph nodes samples from 580 finishing pigs from different pig farms , and 420 samples (83 batches) of fresh pork products (the so-called “chorizo fresco de cerdo”) from different retailers were analyzed. ISO 6579:2002 standard protocol was used for Salmonella isolation. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in finishing pigs in Córdoba was 41.5% (95%CI 37.6%- 45.6%). According to pig´s origin the province was split in North, Central and South region. The prevalence observed in each region was 49.5%, 43.0% and 36.0% respectively. The significantly higher prevalence observed in the North may be associated with the precarious conditions of the pig production sector in that area, compared to the better pig producing practices in the southern region. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fresh pork products was 17.4% (95%CI 15.8%-23.4%). Based on the Argentine Food Codex criteria, 34/83 (40.9%) of the analyzed batches should be rejected given the presence Salmonella spp. positive. In addition, total coliforms were also analyzed on these pork samples following national legislation and 42 (63.0%) of the batches should have been rejected according to coliform total count. Overall, only 13% of the batches fulfilled both criteria for acceptance. In conclusion, the high prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pig farms and of Salmonella spp. and coliforms in these type of pork products suggested important safety breakdowns along the pig production and pork elaboration processes. An important effort should be done to reach suitable hygienic and sanitary standards for pig and pork production in the province of Córdoba

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from extracellular volume mapping

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease characterized by myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. The phenotypic expression ranges from asymptomatic patients to heart failure and sudden death.1 Disease progression and relationship between hypertrophy and fibrosis are not well understood. Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) mapping on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can demonstrate pixel-by-pixel ECV elevation (focal or diffuse fibrosis) or reduction (cellular hypertrophy).2 Furthermore, it has been shown that physical training induces remodelling of both heart and vasculature.3,4 In particular, it has been shown that hypertrophied myocardium in athletes has lower ECV, suggesting that cardiac athletic adaptation is an adaptive one caused predominantly by cellular rather than interstitial expansion.4 Hypothesizing that ECV mapping can reveal both differential responses of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we explored the distribution of ECV in HCM

Texture Analysis of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Cine Images differentiates etiologies of left ventricular hypertrophy

BACKGROUND: Textural analysis (TA) shows promise as radiological biomarker. The use of native TA in the field of cardiology is unproven. We hypothesized that Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance pre-contrast bSSFP cine images could be analysed using TA software; TA features would differentiate different aetiologies of disease causing increased myocardial wall thickness (left ventricular hypertrophy {LVH}) and indicate the severity of myocardial tissue abnormality. METHOD: A mid short axis pre-contrast cine frame of 216 cases (50 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (predominantly LVOTO sub type) (HCM), 52 cardiac amyloid (predominantly AL sub-type) (CA), 68 aortic stenosis (AS), 15 hypertensive with LVH (HTN+LVH) and 31 healthy volunteers (HV)) underwent CMRTA using TexRAD (TexRAD Ltd, Cambridge, UK). Among HV, 16/ 31 were scanned twice to form a test-retest reproducibility cohort. CMRTA comprised a filtration-histogram technique to extract and quantify features using 6 parameters. RESULTS: Test-retest analysis in HV showed a medium filter (3mm) was the most reproducible (intra-class correlation of 0.9 for kurtosis and skewness and 0.8 for mean and SD). Disease cohorts were statistically different (p<0.001) to health for all parameters. Pair wise comparisons of CMRTA parameters showed kurtosis and skewness consistently significant in ranking degree of difference from HV (greatest to least); CA, HCM, LVH+HTN, AS (p<0.001). Similarly mean, SD, entropy and mean positive pixel (MPP) were consistent in ranking degree of difference from HV; HCM, CA, AS and HTN+LVH. CONCLUSION: Radiomic features of bSSFP CMR data sets, derived using TA, show promise in discriminating between aetiologies of LVH