46 research outputs found

    Avaliação semiológica da palidez: concordância entre observadores e comparação com níveis séricos de hemoglobina

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    INTRODUÇÃO: A palidez é caracterizada pelo descoramento da pele e mucosas, decorrente da pouca quantidade de hemoglobina circulante. OBJETIVO: O objetivo é comparar o grau de palidez, estratificada em cruzes, com os níveis séricos de hemoglobina, e avaliar o grau de concordância entre observadores. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2009, por meio de estudo transversal observacional, os indivíduos com idade superior a 18 anos internados em um hospital no sul do estado de Santa Catarina, para os quais haviam sido solicitadas dosagens de hemoglobina. Os pacientes foram avaliados por dois observadores (médicos e estudantes de medicina) quanto à presença e grau de palidez (de ausente a ++++/4) na conjuntiva ocular. O índice de concordância Kappa foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre observadores. Foram avaliados 96 pacientes, caucasianos, com idade média de 57,7 anos, sendo 45,8% do gênero masculino e 54,2% do gênero feminino. RESULTADOS: A comparação entre os níveis médios de hemoglobina com a palidez graduada em cruzes não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa para os profissionais medicos, sendo a diferença significativa para os estudantes de medicina. O índice de concordância Kappa entre os observadores foi baixo. CONCLUSÃO: Esta pesquisa demonstrou que não houve boa concordância entre os observadores na avaliação de palidez estratificada em cruzes, sendo a avaliação mais fidedigna com relação aos níveis séricos de hemoglobina entre os profissionais médicos.INTRODUCTION: Pallor is characterized by discoloring of the skin and mucous membranes due to a reduction in the amount of circulating hemoglobin. The objective of this study was to compare the degree of pallor, stratified using crosses, with hemoglobin levels and to evaluate the correlation between observers. METHOD: From February to April 2009, an observational cross-sectional study was carried out of over 18-year-old individuals admitted to a hospital in the south of the state of Santa Catarina, for whom the measurement of hemoglobin levels had been requested. The degree of Pallor (from absent to ++++/4) of the ocular mucosa of 96 patients was evaluated by two types of examiners (physicians and medical students). The Kappa agreement index was used to assess the agreement between observers. RESULTS: All patients (45.8% male and 54.2% female) were Caucasian with a mean age of 57.7 years. There were statistically significant differences on comparing the mean hemoglobin levels with pallor for the medical students but no significant differences were seen for the physicians. The Kappa agreement index between the observers was low. This research demonstrates that the agreement between the observers was not good for the evaluation of pallor. The most reliable evaluation regarding the hemoglobin levels was by the physicians

    APACHE II como indicador depneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAVM).

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    Background and objectives: strategies for risk stratification in severe pathologies are extremely important. The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy of the APACHE II score as an indicator of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in ICU patient sat Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC) Tubarão-SC. Methods: It was conducted a prospective cohort study with 120 patients admitted between March and August 2013, being held APACHE II in the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation (MV). Patients were followed until the following gout comes: discharge or death. It was also analyzed the cause of ICU admission, age, gender, days of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU and outcome. Results: The incidence of VAP was 31.8% (38/120). Two variables showed a relative riskin the development of VAP, APACHE II above average (RR = 1,62; IC 95% 1,03-2,55) and males (RR = 1,56; IC 95 % 1,18-2,08). The duration of mechanical ventilation (days) above average18.4± 14.9(p =0.001), ICU stay (days) above average 20.4± 15.3(p =0.003) presented the development of VAP. The accuracy of APACHE II in predicting VAP score >23, showed a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 33%. Inrelation to death, two variables showed relative risk, age above average (RR=2.08; 95% CI =1.34 to 3.23) and ICU stay above average (RR=2.05; CI 95 =1.28 to 3.28%). Conclusion: The APACHE II score above or equal 23 might to indicate the risk of VAP. Keywords: Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated, Intensive Care Units, APACHE. PrognosisJustificativa e objetivo: Estratégias para estratificação de risco em patologias graves são extremamente importantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a acurácia do APACHE II como indicador para a Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAVM) dos pacientes da UTI do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Tubarão, Santa Catarina. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectivo com 120 pacientes internados entre março e agosto de 2013, sendo realizado o APACHE II nas primeiras 24 horas de ventilação mecânica (VM). Os pacientes foram acompanhados até os seguintes desfechos: alta ou óbito. Também foi analisada a causa da admissão na UTI, a idade, o gênero, os dias de VM, os dias de UTI e o desfecho. Resultados: A incidência da PAVM foi de 31,8% (38/120). O risco para o desenvolvimento de PAVM foi maior entre aqueles pacientes com APACHE II acima da média (RR = 1,62; IC 95% 1,03-2,55) e do sexo masculino (RR = 1,56; IC 95 % 1,18-2,08). O tempo de VM (dias) acima da média 18,4 ± 14,9 (p=0,001), tempo de UTI (dias) acima da média 20,4 ± 15,3 (p=0,003) apresentaram relação no desenvolvimento da PAVM. A acurácia do APACHE II na predição da PAVM demonstrou área de 0,616 (IC 95% de 0,515 – 0,718) com p = 0,041. O escore de 23 pontos no APACHE II apontou uma sensibilidade de 84% e especificidade de 33%. Em relação ao óbito, duas variáveis apresentaram risco relativo, idade acima da média (RR = 2,08; IC 95% = 1,34-3,23) e tempo de UTI acima da média (RR = 2,05; IC 95 % = 1,28-3,28). Conclusão: O escore APACHE II maior ou igual a 23 pontos pode ser um indicador de risco para a PAVM. DESCRITORES: Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica. Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. APACHE. Prognóstico

    The Presence of COPD does not Influence Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia

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    Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a well-established risk factor for development of CAP. What is not as clear is the impact of COPD in the outcomes of patients with CAP. In this study, we compared the outcomes of CAP in COPD and non-COPD patients. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. We conducted a secondary analysis of the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) international cohort study database, which includes patients with CAP admitted to several hospitals throughout the world. Outcomes were time to clinical stability, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. Results This study included 7,325 patients. Of these, 1,869 (25.5%) had COPD. Patients with COPD had higher severity of illness (pneumonia severity index class V: 15% vs 9%; P Conclusion Our study results show that COPD should not be considered a risk factor for poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with CAP

    Brazilian version of the Clinical COPD Questionnaire, administered by interview:reliability and validity measurement properties

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    OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability, validity, and interpretability of the Brazilian version of the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) in patients with COPD. METHODS: Fifty patients with COPD completed the CCQ by interview on two occasions. At the first visit, the CCQ was administered twice, by two different raters, approximately 10 min apart; the patients also underwent spirometry and were administered the COPD Assessment Test, the modified Medical Research Council scale, and Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). At the second visit (1-2 weeks later), the CCQ was readministered. We tested the hypothesis that the CCQ total score would correlate positively with the total and domain SGRQ scores (r ≥ 0.5). RESULTS: Of the 50 patients, 30 (60%) were male. The mean age was 66 ± 8 years, and the mean FEV(1) was 44.7 ± 17.9% of the predicted value. For all CCQ items, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (95% CI) was 0.93 (0.91-0.96). To analyze the interrater reliability and test-retest reliability of the CCQ, we calculated the two-way mixed effects model/single measure type intraclass correlation coefficient (0.97 [95% CI: 0.95-0.98] and 0.92 [95% CI: 0.86-0.95], respectively); the agreement standard error of measurement (0.65 for both); the smallest detectable change at the individual level (1.81 and 1.80, respectively) and group level (0.26 and 0.25, respectively); and the limits of agreement (−0.58 to 0.82 and −1.14 to 1.33, respectively). The CCQ total score correlated positively with all SGRQ scores (r ≥ 0.70 for all). CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the CCQ showed an indeterminate measurement error, as well as satisfactory interrater/test-retest reliability and construct validity

    EL PROCESO DE VIVIR Y SER CUIDADO DE ANCIANOS Y LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS CUIDADORES

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    A descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, aiming to increase understanding of how the elderly perceive their care and of what this means in their lives: also to shed light on how professional and non-professional carers perceive the care offered. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires. The sample group was composed of ten elderly persons living in care, seven living at home, six carers and fourteen workers. As a result of the application of content analysis to the data, four central categories were created, and it was identified that the process of living and being cared for is understood in different ways and is related to the individual and family history of each person. Caring for the elderly requires preparation and cultural valuation relevant to the peculiarities of the aging process in humans.Estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa objetivou conhecer como o idoso percebe o cuidado em saúde e a significação deste em sua vida, e identificar a percepção dos cuidadores leigos e trabalhadores de saúde acerca do cuidado oferecido. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevista e questionário. A amostra foi constituída de dez idosos institucionalizados e sete domiciliados; seis cuidadores e quatorze trabalhadores. Os dados, analisados pelo referencial da análise de conteúdo, resultaram em quatro categorias centrais e identificou-se que o processo de viver e de ser cuidado é percebido de diferentes maneiras e tem relação com a história de vida, individual e familiar de cada ser. Cuidar do idoso requer preparo e valorização cultural em função das peculiaridades que envolvem o processo de envelhecimento humano.Estudio exploratorio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo cuyo objetivo fue conocer cómo el anciano percibe el cuidado en salud y la significación de este en su vida, así como identificar la percepción de los cuidadores legos y trabajadores de la salud acerca del cuidado ofrecido. Para recoger los datos, se utilizó la entrevista y cuestionário. La muestra fue constituida de diez ancianos institucionalizados y siete domiciliados; seis cuidadores y catorce trabajadores. Los datos, analizados por el referencial del análisis de contenido, resultaron en cuatro categorías centrales y se identificó que el proceso de vivir y de ser cuidado es percebido de diferentes modos, presentando relación con la historia de vida, individual y familiar de cada ser. Cuidar del anciano necesita preparo y valorización cultural a causa de las peculiaridades del proceso de envejecimiento humano

    Evolução temporal na prevalência de asma e rinoconjuntivite em adolescentes

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    RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência temporal da prevalência de asma e de rinoconjuntivite e seus sintomas em adolescentes. MÉTODOS Foram realizados dois estudos transversais utilizando a mesma metodologia e o mesmo questionário em adolescentes de 12 a 14 anos em Florianópolis, SC. Fundamentado no protocolo internacional do estudo International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), foram avaliados 4.114 adolescentes em 2001 e 3.150 em 2012. As escolas estudadas foram as mesmas de estudo anterior de 2001, selecionadas aleatoriamente após estratificação por rede (pública e privada) e por localização geográfica. A variação percentual anual média total foi estimada para a prevalência de asma e seus sintomas e para rinoconjuntivite. RESULTADOS A prevalência de relato de asma foi de 10,9% em 2001 e de 14,8% em 2012, com variação média no período de 2,8%. A maior variação média no período ocorreu entre os adolescentes do sexo feminino (4,1%). Houve aumento significativo no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma, de 7,3% em 2001 para 11,1% em 2012, com variação anual de 4,5%. Os maiores aumentos no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma ocorreram em alunos do sexo feminino (5,9%) e masculino (4,5%) da rede pública. Houve incremento expressivo no relato de rinoconjuntivite, com variação média no período de 5,2%. O relato de sintomas de asma grave permaneceu inalterado e houve decréscimo na variação anual no período no relato de sibilos atuais (-1,3%) e de sibilos aos exercícios (-1,2%). CONCLUSÕES Os resultados mostraram incremento significativo na variação anual média da prevalência de asma e de rinoconjuntivite no período de 2001 a 2012.ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the temporal trend of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalences as well as their symptoms in adolescents. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies were conducted using the same methodology and questionnaire as was used for adolescents aged 12 to 14 years in the Brazilian city of Florianopolis, SC, Southern Brazil. Based on the international protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) study, adolescents were evaluated in 2001 and 3,150 in 2012. The schools included in this study were the same as in the 2001 study. These schools were randomly selected after stratification by network (public and private) and geographic location. The total average percentage variation was estimated for the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis and their symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of reported asthma was 10.9% in 2001 and 14.8% in 2012, with an average variation of 2.8% in the period. The highest average variation in the period was observed among female adolescents (4.1%). In parallel a significant increase occurred in reported physician-diagnosed asthma, 7.3% in 2001 and 11,1% in 2012, with an annual variation of 4.5%. The largest increases in reported physician-diagnosed asthma were seen in female (5.9%) and male (4.5%) public school pupils. In addition, a significant increase in reported rhinoconjunctivitis occurred, with the average variation in the period being 5.2%. Reports of severe asthma symptoms remained unchanged during the period, while the annual variation for reported current wheezing (-1.3%) and wheezing during exercise (-1.2%) decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a significant increase in the annual average variation for asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence during the 2001 to 2012 period
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