Can the WTO Help Fight IUU Fishing through Clarity-Enhancing Market Measures?

Clarity enables insight and the ability to make and implement a plan. Nowhere is this more important than when addressing chronic problems that proliferate despite significant efforts to curb them—like illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. United Nations (UN) narratives make clear that preventing, deterring, and eliminating IUU fishing is an objective of global importance, yet the problem persists. But could a factor in this be a lack of clarity in understanding what IUU fishing is when it comes to specific actions and infractions? And could the World Trade Organization (WTO) help bring about a more accessible way of understanding the problem? This brief argues for this approach and explains how it might be achieved

FT-MIR determination of taste-related compounds in tomato: a high throughput phenotyping analysis for selection programs

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ibáñez, Ginés, Mercedes Valcárcel, Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo, and Salvador Roselló. 2019. FT-MIR Determination of Taste-related Compounds in Tomato: A High Throughput Phenotyping Analysis for Selection Programs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99 (11). Wiley: 5140 48. doi:10.1002/jsfa.9760, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9760. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] BACKGROUND: Tomato taste is defined by the accumulation of sugars and organic acids. Individual analyses of these compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are expensive, time-consuming and are not feasible for large number of samples, justifying the interest of spectroscopic methods such as Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR). This work analyzed the performance of FT-MIR models to determine the accumulation of sugars and acids, considering the efficiency of models obtained with different ranges of variation. RESULTS: FT-MIR spectra (five-bounce attenuated total reflectance, ATR) were used to obtain partial least squares (PLS) models to predict sugar and acid contents in specific sample sets representing different varietal types. A general model was also developed, obtaining R-2 values for prediction higher than 0.84 for main components (soluble solids content, fructose, glucose, and citric acid). Root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) for these components were lower than 15% of the mean contents and lower than 6% of the highest contents. Even more, the model sensitivity and specificity for those variables with a 10% selection pressure was 100%. That means that all samples with the 10% highest content were correctly identified. The model was applied to an external assay and it exhibited, for main components, high sensitivities (> 70%) and specificities (> 96%). RMSEP values for main compounds were lower than 21% and 13% of the mean and maximum content respectively. CONCLUSION: The models obtained confirm the effectiveness of FT-MIR models to select samples with high contents of taste-related compounds, even when the calibration has not been performed within the same assay. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical IndustryThis research was performed despite the lack of direct public funding for its development and thanks to the enthusiasm of the authors. The authors thank Dr Lahoz and Dr Campillo for providing samples of processing tomato. G. Ibanez thanks Universitat Jaume I for funding his pre-doctoral grant (PREDOC/2015/45).Ibañez, G.; Valcárcel-Germes, M.; Cebolla Cornejo, J.; Rosello Ripolles, S. (2019). FT-MIR determination of taste-related compounds in tomato: a high throughput phenotyping analysis for selection programs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 99(11):5140-5148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9760514051489911Davies, J. N., Hobson, G. E., & McGlasson, W. B. (1981). The constituents of tomato fruit — the influence of environment, nutrition, and genotype. C R C Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 15(3), 205-280. doi:10.1080/10408398109527317Díaz de León-Sánchez, F., Pelayo-Zaldívar, C., Rivera-Cabrera, F., Ponce-Valadez, M., Ávila-Alejandre, X., Fernández, F. J., … Pérez-Flores, L. J. (2009). Effect of refrigerated storage on aroma and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in tomato fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 54(2), 93-100. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.07.003Cebolla-Cornejo, J., Valcárcel, M., Herrero-Martínez, J. M., Roselló, S., & Nuez, F. (2012). High efficiency joint CZE determination of sugars and acids in vegetables and fruits. ELECTROPHORESIS, 33(15), 2416-2423. doi:10.1002/elps.201100640Nicolaï, B. M., Beullens, K., Bobelyn, E., Peirs, A., Saeys, W., Theron, K. I., & Lammertyn, J. (2007). Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality by means of NIR spectroscopy: A review. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 46(2), 99-118. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.06.024Lahoz, I., Leiva-Brondo, M., Martí, R., Macua, J. I., Campillo, C., Roselló, S., & Cebolla-Cornejo, J. (2016). Influence of high lycopene varieties and organic farming on the production and quality of processing tomato. Scientia Horticulturae, 204, 128-137. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.042Martí, R., Valcárcel, M., Leiva-Brondo, M., Lahoz, I., Campillo, C., Roselló, S., & Cebolla-Cornejo, J. (2018). Influence of controlled deficit irrigation on tomato functional value. Food Chemistry, 252, 250-257. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.098Fearn, T. (2002). Assessing Calibrations: SEP, RPD, RER and R2. NIR news, 13(6), 12-13. doi:10.1255/nirn.689Vermeir, S., Beullens, K., Mészáros, P., Polshin, E., Nicolaï, B. M., & Lammertyn, J. (2009). Sequential injection ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for taste analysis in tomato. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 137(2), 715-721. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2009.01.056Lin, T., Zhu, G., Zhang, J., Xu, X., Yu, Q., Zheng, Z., … Huang, S. (2014). Genomic analyses provide insights into the history of tomato breeding. Nature Genetics, 46(11), 1220-1226. doi:10.1038/ng.3117Ursem, R., Tikunov, Y., Bovy, A., van Berloo, R., & van Eeuwijk, F. (2008). A correlation network approach to metabolic data analysis for tomato fruits. Euphytica, 161(1-2), 181-193. doi:10.1007/s10681-008-9672-yBeullens, K., Kirsanov, D., Irudayaraj, J., Rudnitskaya, A., Legin, A., Nicolaï, B. M., & Lammertyn, J. (2006). The electronic tongue and ATR–FTIR for rapid detection of sugars and acids in tomatoes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 116(1-2), 107-115. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2005.11.084Rudnitskaya, A., Kirsanov, D., Legin, A., Beullens, K., Lammertyn, J., Nicolaï, B. M., & Irudayaraj, J. (2006). Analysis of apples varieties – comparison of electronic tongue with different analytical techniques. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 116(1-2), 23-28. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2005.11.069GALIANA-BALAGUER, L., IBÁÑEZ, G., CEBOLLA-CORNEJO, J., & ROSELLÓ, S. (2018). Evaluation of germplasm in Solanum section Lycopersicon for tomato taste improvement. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, 42(5), 309-321. doi:10.3906/tar-1712-6

High throughput FT-MIR indirect analysis of sugars and acids in watermelon

[EN] Indirect measurements of taste-related compounds are required when a high number of samples has to be analyzed in a short period of time, with a minimum cost. For this purpose, FT-MIR partial least square (PLS) regression models for the prediction of total soluble solids, sugars and organic acids have been developed using three sample sets including breeding lines and commercial varieties of watermelon. Specific models with excellent performance were obtained only for sugars. Nevertheless, a general model supposed a compromise between the best and worse models and offered %RMSEP values of 11.3%, 11.1% and 11.7% for fructose, glucose and sucrose respectively. The model was applied to the selection of high content samples (selection pressure 20% and 30%) obtaining good sensitivity levels and mean percentile of selected samples close to the expected values (100% sensitivity). The robustness of FT-MIR models was assessed with predictions of external assays, obtaining reasonable performances.Martí-Renau, R.; Sánchez, G.; Rosello Ripolles, S.; Valcárcel-Germes, M.; Cebolla Cornejo, J. (2019). High throughput FT-MIR indirect analysis of sugars and acids in watermelon. Food Chemistry. 300:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125227S1930

Simultaneous determination of main phenolic acids and flavonoids in tomato by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis

[EN] A methodology for the determination of tomato phenolic acids and flavonoids has been developed combining MEKC and DAD detection. The influence on polyphenol separation of pH and background electrolyte, BGE (borax, acetonitrile, methanol and SDS concentrations), was studied and optimized using response surface methodology and weighted desirability function. Separation of polyphenols was achieved within 20 min at 15 degrees C using 11.3 mM borax and 11.2 mM SDS adjusted to pH 8.5 as BGE. Validation was performed using standards and tomato extracts. Recoveries ranged from 77 to 106%. Acceptable repeatabilities were obtained for peak area (% RSD <3.1% and <3.7%) and migration times (% RSD <0.2% and <1.4%) for intra-and inter-day respectively. Detection limits ranged between 0.8 and 3.8 mg kg (1). Five and seven of these polyphenols were determined in samples of tomato and related species. This methodology will be valuable tool in breeding programs, analyzing a large number of samples. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This study was partially supported by Project RTA2011-00062C04 funded by Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria. J.M. H-M expreses his thanks to the project CTQ2014-52765-R (MINECO of Spain and FEDER).Martí-Renau, R.; Valcárcel Germes, M.; Herrero-Martínez, JM.; Cebolla Cornejo, J.; Rosello Ripolles, S. (2017). Simultaneous determination of main phenolic acids and flavonoids in tomato by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis. Food Chemistry. 221:439-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.105S43944622

Influence of controlled deficit irrigation on tomato functional value

[EN] The effect of controlled deficit irrigation (CDI) on the accumulation of carotenoids, polyphenols and l-ascorbic acid was studied in conventional and high lycopene tomato cultivars. Plants were initially irrigated to cover 100%ETc and after the fruit set phase, the dose was reduced to 75% or 50% of ETc. CDI had no significant effect on the accumulation of carotenoids, while it increased the levels of the hydroxycinnamic acids chlorogenic and ferulic acids, the flavonoid rutin and l-ascorbic acid. Nevertheless, there were important interactions and this effect was highly dependent on the year and site of cultivation. Certain growing areas would be more favorable to supply high quality markets, and, fortunately, CDI would maximize polyphenol (100¿75%ETc) and l-ascorbic acid (100¿50%ETc) in these areas. A combination of the best genotype and growing area with CDI would offer high quality products, preserving a scarce resource: water.This research was partially funded by the Spanish national government (INIA, RTA2011-00062), an Spanish regional government (Gobierno de Extremadura, GRU-10130) and the European Union (FEDER funds)Martí-Renau, R.; Valcárcel-Germes, M.; Leiva-Brondo, M.; Lahoz, I.; Campillo, C.; Rosello Ripolles, S.; Cebolla Cornejo, J. (2018). Influence of controlled deficit irrigation on tomato functional value. Food Chemistry. 252:250-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.098S25025725

La empresa MAXCOLCHON apuesta por la Innovación Orientada por las Personas

[ES] Conocer los aspectos más importantes que genera una experiencia de uso satisfactoria en los potenciales usuarios de un producto y el proceso de toma de decisión de la compra es clave para garantizar el éxito. Para conocer los aspectos y saber cómo los perciben los perfiles poblacionales concretos a los que va orientado el producto es imprescindible escuchar la voz de los usuarios. La Innovación Orientada por las Personas facilita una metodología validada para incluir a las personas en todas las fases del proceso de desarrollo, convirtiendo al usuario objetivo del producto en un recurso activo de generación de valor para las empresas. En esta línea, la empresa MAXCOLCHON ha desarrollado junto con el Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV) un proyecto que tiene como objetivo identificar los aspectos clave que tienen en cuenta los usuarios a la hora de valorar el colchón ONE y tomar la decisión de compra. A partir de dicha información es posible, desde trabajar en el desarrollo o mejora de un producto, hasta identificar la mejor forma de orientar una campaña de marketingSoriano Garcia, C.; Marzo Rosello, R.; Martínez Gómez, L.; Sanchís Almenara, M.; Mercader Ricos, A. (2020). La empresa MAXCOLCHON apuesta por la Innovación Orientada por las Personas. Revista de Biomecánica (Online). (67):1-5. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/176089S156

A Synoptic Overview of Expert Opinion on Fisheries in a Post-Brexit World

Publisher PD

La importancia de la verificación y selección ergonómica de herramientas manuales

[ES] El Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV), como experto en el campo de la ergonomía laboral, ha trabajado ampliamente en la identificación de criterios de verificación y selección de herramientas que puedan ser utilizados por empresas fabricantes, en el diseño de las mismas, y por usuarios en la decisión de compra. El último trabajo realizado en esta línea, desarrollado en colaboración con la Fundación (Fundación Laboral del Cemento y el Medio Ambiente), ha consistido en la elaboración de una guía para facilitar tanto la valoración ergonómica de las herramientas manuales más utilizadas en el sector (martillos neumáticos, lanzas de agua, mazos y barras) como la mejora de los puestos de trabajo asociados a las mismas.El desarrollo de esta guía ha sido posible gracias a la financiación por la Fundación Estatal para la Prevención de Riesgos Laborales (AS-2018-0061). Esta acción fue solicitada por la Fundación CEMACastelló Mercé, P.; Piedrabuena Cuesta, A.; Marzo Rosello, R.; Sanchís Almenara, M.; Ruiz Folgado, R.; Vallina García, D.; Cuadrado Iglesias, S. (2020). La importancia de la verificación y selección ergonómica de herramientas manuales. Revista de Biomecánica (Online). (67):1-7. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/176139S176

Los aceites esenciales de las plantas en la sostenibilidad medioambiental. Propuestas para la innovación educativa

[ES] Dentro de la investigación en el ámbito agroalimentario, existe un creciente interés por la aplicación de productos naturales cuya actividad biológica: antibacteriana, antifúngica, herbicida, etc. como alternativa más adecuada desde una perspectiva medioambiental a los productos de síntesis química utilizados habitualmente. Ello ha de proyectarse desde el punto de vista docente en la introducción de actividades educativas que contribuyan a fomentar una mayor sensibilidad en torno a todos los valores relacionados con la sostenibilidad y el respeto al medio ambiente.Entre los citados productos naturales ocupan un lugar destacado los aceites esenciales obtenidos de plantas aromáticas, tan características de nuestro entorno mediterráneo. Por otra parte, muchos aspectos de su obtención y de la experimentación de su actividad biológica son susceptibles de un tratamiento didáctico relativamente asequible, pudiendo constituir el eje de tareas educativas innovadoras.En este trabajo se presentan algunas propuestas concretas relacionadas con la introducción al conocimiento de las plantas aromáticas y medicinales, la obtención y caracterización química de los aceites esenciales, así como dos ejemplos de su actividad biológica: antifúngica e inhibidora de la germinación.Llorens Molina, JA.; Santamarina Siurana, MP.; Verdeguer Sancho, MM.; Rosello Caselles, J.; Vacas González, S.; Castell Zeising, V. (2019). Los aceites esenciales de las plantas en la sostenibilidad medioambiental. Propuestas para la innovación educativa. En INNODOCT/18. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 671-681. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2018.2018.8828OCS67168

Diseño de una rúbrica para la obtención de criterios de evaluación de los Trabajos Final de Grado de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural

[EN] The present paper includes some results obtained in the context of the teaching innovation project "Tools for the planning, realization and assesment of the Bachelor’s Degree Thesis (BDT)". The project aims to solve the problems that students, advisors and members of the evaluation board have to face in terms of the assesment of the BDT, providing evaluation tools (rubrics). At present, there are no clear and objective criteria for assessing the BDTs, and their evaluation sometimes is submitted to the subjective assessment of the members of the board. What is more, at the moment the formulary that is used to evaluate the transversal UPV outcomes is more complete and detailed than the one used for the evaluation of the BDT. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a document named as " Bachelor’s Degree Thesis Guide" , which will provide tools for an adequate and optimal planning and evaluation of BDTs. One of the key points of the project has been the elaboration of a rubric with measurable indicators that facilitate and clarify the evaluation of the BDTs. This rubric will be distributed among the different interested groups (professors, students and academic boards) to improve and validate it.[ES] El presente trabajo recoge parte de los resultados obtenidos en el marco del proyecto de innovación docente “Herramientas para la planificación, realización y valoración de los Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFGs)”. Se pretende resolver la problemática a la que se enfrenta el alumnado, los tutores y los tribunales en cuanto a los criterios de valoración de los TFGs, aportando herramientas para su evaluación (rúbricas). Actualmente, no existen unos criterios claros y objetivos para la evaluación de los TFGs, quedando en ocasiones su calificación sometida a valoraciones subjetivas, por parte del tribunal evaluador. Así, es más detallado el documento para la evaluación de las competencias trasversales que el utilizado para la evaluación del TFG. Por tanto, es necesario desarrollar un documento “Guía del Trabajo Fin de Grado”, que proporcione instrumentos para una adecuada y óptima planificación y evaluación de los TFGs. Uno de los puntos clave del proyecto, ha sido la elaboración de una rúbrica con indicadores medibles que faciliten y clarifiquen la evaluaciónn de los TFGs. Dicha rúbrica, se pasará a los diferentes grupos de interés (profesorado, alumnado y comisiones académicas) para mejorarla y validarla.Verdeguer Sancho, MM.; Llorens Molina, JA.; García Breijo, FJ.; Rosello Caselles, J.; García Prats, A.; Rubio Michavila, C.; Vargas Colás, MD.... (2017). Diseño de una rúbrica para la obtención de criterios de evaluación de los Trabajos Final de Grado de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural. En In-Red 2017. III Congreso Nacional de innovación educativa y de docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1164-1171. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2017.2017.6782OCS1164117