Análisis histológico del crecimiento tisular en la fibra de carbono y en la prótesis de polietilenotereftalato cuando se utilizan como sustitutos del ligamento cruzado anterior

Se realiza un análisis histológico del crecimiento tisular en la fibra de carbono y en la prótesis de polietilenotereftalato cuando se utilizan para reemplazar al ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). La fibra de carbono induce la formación de un tejido conectivo organizado que se extiende siguiendo la dirección de las fibras, dando lugar a un tejido similar histológicamente al ligamento en las zonas donde se ha conservado la disposición longitudinal de los filamentos de carbono. En las zonas en las que los filamentos se han roto, la inducción fibroblástica es importante pero desordenada, dando lugar a un tejido conectivo irregular. La prótesis de polietilenotereftalato actúa como inductor de una fuerte reacción inflamatoria de tipo granulomatoso, dando lugar posteriormente a cicatrices fibrosas, con un tejido conectivo irregular. Tan solo a nivel de la vaina periprotésica se aprecia una disposición en paralelo que recuerda al ligamento. Los autores dudan del efecto funcional del crecimiento tisular en los ligamentos sintéticos cuando se utilizan como sustitutos del LCAWe have carried out and histologic analysis of tissue ingrowth in carbon fiber and polyethylene terephthalate ligament prostheses when used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Carbon fiber induces the formation of a connective tissue so that it extends in the direction of the fibers, producing a tissue histologically similar to the ligament in the zones where the longitudinal disposition of the carbon filaments are conserved. In the zones where the filaments are broken, fibroblastic induction is important but disordered, producing an irregular connective tissue. Polyethylene terephthalat e ligament prostheses acts as an inductor of strong inflammatory reaction (granulomatous type), in turn producing fibrous scars, with an irregular connective tissue. Only at the periprosthetic level, a parallel disposition is observed, resembling the ligament. We doubt about the functional effect of the tissue ingrowth in synthetic ligaments when used as substitutes for ACL

Ubiquitin-proteasome system and oxidative stress in liver transplantation

A major issue in organ transplantation is the development of a protocol that can preserve organs under optimal conditions. Damage to organs is commonly a consequence of flow deprivation and oxygen starvation following the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation. This is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI): a complex multifactorial process that causes cell damage. While the oxygen deprivation due to ischemia depletes cell energy, subsequent tissue oxygenation due to reperfusion induces many cascades, from reactive oxygen species production to apoptosis initiation. Autophagy has also been identified in the pathogenesis of IRI, although such alterations and their subsequent functional significance are controversial. Moreover, proteasome activation may be a relevant pathophysiological mechanism. Different strategies have been adopted to limit IRI damage, including the supplementation of commercial preservation media with pharmacological agents or additives. In this review, we focus on novel strategies related to the ubiquitin proteasome system and oxidative stress inhibition, which have been used to minimize damage in liver transplantation

Accuracy of the fetal cerebroplacental ratio for the detection of intrapartum compromise in nonsmall fetuses.

OBJECTIVE: To study the accuracy of the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) for the detection of intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC) in fetuses growing over the 10th centile. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 569 nonsmall fetuses attending the day hospital unit of a tertiary hospital that underwent an ultrasound examination at 36-40 weeks, and were delivered within 4 weeks of examination. IFC was defined as a composite of: abnormal intrapartum fetal heart rate or intrapartum fetal scalp pH < 7.20 requiring cesarean section, neonatal umbilical cord pH < 7.20, 5' Apgar score < 7 and postpartum admission to neonatal or pediatric intensive care units. The accuracy of CPR for the prediction of IFC was calculated alone and in combination with other perinatal parameters using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, which alternatively included the onset of labor to evaluate the influence of induction of labor (IOL) on IFC and a brief composite adverse outcome of two parameters to prove the strength of the approach. RESULTS: The incidence of IFC was 17.9%. CPR sensitivity was 30.4% for a false positive rate (FFR) of 10 and 14.7% for a FPP of 5% (AUC = 0.62, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that only fetal gender and parity increased the predictive accuracy of CPR alone, although the improvement was poor (AUC = 0.67, p < 0.001). No differences were observed using any of the alternative models. Finally, IOL had no influence of IFC. CONCLUSION: Despite their apparent normality, a proportion of fetuses growing over the 10th centile suffer IFC. Some of them are suitable for detection by means of CPR

Whispering Gallery Modes for Accurate Characterization of Optical Fibers’ Parameters

Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are surface modes that propagate azimuthally around resonators with rotational symmetry (toroidal, spherical, or, as in our case, cylindrical shaped, since the optical fiber itself plays the role of the microresonator). These modes are resonant in optical wavelength, and the spectral position of the resonances depends on the radius and the refractive index of the microresonator material. Due to the high-quality factor of the resonances (as high as 107 in cylindrical microresonators), they allow measuring different parameters with high sensitivities and very low detection limits. Here, we report the use of WGMs to characterize the properties of the material that forms the microresonator. In particular, we highlight the use of this technique to measure temperature profiles along conventional and special fibers (such as photosensitive or doped fibers), elasto-optic coefficients, and UV-induced absorption loss coefficients of different photosensitive fibers. These parameters of the fibers set the optical response of fiber-based components and may change when the device is in use in an optical system; thus, this technique allows an accurate characterization of the devices and leads to proper designs of components with specific optical responses

The relevance of the UPS in the fatty liver graft preservation: a new approach for IGL-1 and HTK solutions

The 26S proteasome is the central proteolytic machinery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), which is involved in the degradation of ubiquitinated protein substrates. Recently, UPS inhibition has been shown to be a key factor in fatty liver graft preservation during organ cold storage using University of Wisconsin solution (UW) and Institute Georges Lopez (IGL-1) solutions. However, the merits of IGL-1 and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solutions for fatty liver preservation have not been compared. Fatty liver grafts from obese Zücker rats were preserved for 24 h at 4 °C. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), ATP, adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK), e-NOS, proteasome activity and liver polyubiquitinated proteins were determined. IGL-1 solution prevented ATP breakdown during cold-storage preservation of steatotic livers to a greater extent than HTK solution. There were concomitant increases in AMPK activation, e-NOS (endothelial NOS (NO synthase)) expression and UPS inhibition. UPS activity is closely related to the composition of the solution used to preserve the organ. IGL-1 solution provided significantly better protection against ischemia-reperfusion for cold-stored fatty liver grafts than HTK solution. The effect is exerted through the activation of the protective AMPK signaling pathway, an increase in e-NOS expression and a dysregulation of the UPS

Progression of Doppler changes in early-onset small for gestational age fetuses. How frequent are the different progression sequences?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the progression of Doppler abnormalities in early-onset fetal smallness (SGA). METHODS: A total of 948 Doppler examinations of the umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and ductus venosus (DV), belonging to 405 early-onset SGA fetuses, were studied, evaluating the sequences of Doppler progression, the interval examination-labor at which Doppler became abnormal and the cumulative sum of Doppler anomalies in relation with labor proximity. RESULTS: The most frequent sequences were that in which only the UA pulsatility index (PI) became abnormal (42.1%) and that in which an abnormal UA PI appeared first, followed by an abnormal MCA PI (24.2%). In general, 71.3% of the fetuses followed the classical progression sequence UA→MCA→DV, mostly in the early stages of growth restriction (84.1%). In addition, the UA PI was the first parameter to be affected (9 weeks before delivery), followed by the MCA PI and the DV PIV (1 and 0 weeks). Finally, the UA PI began to sum anomalies 5 weeks before delivery, while the MCA and DV did it at 3 and 1 weeks before the pregnancy ended. CONCLUSIONS: In early-onset SGA fetuses, Doppler progression tends to follow a predictable order, with sequential changes in the umbilical, cerebral and DV impedances

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in Rat Fatty Liver Cold Ischemia Injury

Institut George Lopez-1 (IGL-1) and Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solutions are proposed as alternatives to UW (gold standard) in liver preservation. Their composition differs in terms of the presence/absence of oncotic agents such as HES or PEG, and is decisive for graft conservation before transplantation. This is especially so when fatty (steatotic) livers are used since these grafts are more vulnerable to ischemia insult during conservation. Their composition determines the extent of the subsequent reperfusion injury after transplantation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), a mitochondrial enzyme, has been reported to play a protective role in warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but its potential in fatty liver cold ischemic injury has not yet been investigated. We evaluated the relevance of ALDH2 activity in cold ischemia injury when fatty liver grafts from Zucker Obese rats were preserved in UW, HTK, and IGL-1 solutions, in order to study the mechanisms involved. ALDH2 upregulation was highest in livers preserved in IGL-1. It was accompanied by a decrease in transaminases, apoptosis (Caspase 3 and TUNEL assay), and lipoperoxidation, which was concomitant with the effective clearance of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-nonenal. Variations in ATP levels were also determined. The results were consistent with levels of NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an antioxidant factor. Here we report for the first time the relevance of mitochondrial ALDH2 in fatty liver cold preservation and suggest that ALDH2 could be considered a potential therapeutic target or regulator in clinical transplantation

Microbubble PhoXonic resonators: Chaos transition and transfer

We report the activation of optomechanical chaotic oscillations in microbubble resonators (MBRs) through a blue-side excitation of its optical resonances. We confirm the sequence of quasi-periodical oscillation, spectral continuum and aperiodic motion; as well as the transition to chaos without external feedback or modulation of the laser source. In particular, quasi periodic transitions and a spectral continuum are reported for MBRs with diameters up to 600 μm, whereas only an abrupt transition into a spectral con- tinuum is observed for larger microbubbles

Triangulation network of 1929-1944 of the first 1:500 urban map of València

[EN] Triangulation is a surveying method on which earlier maps made were based. Although the origins of the method can be traced back to the 16th century, it is still used today, with minor changes, to adjust networks observed with modern geodetic techniques. In this paper we present the geodetic survey work that was carried out for the primary triangulation network of the first 1:500 urban map of the city of València (Spain). It spanned from 1929 to 1944 and resulted in 421 maps covering about 174 square kilometres. We focus on four key elements to define the geometric framework of a map: (1) the geodetic network, (2) the cartographic projection, (3) the baseline measurements, and (4) the primary triangulation. The paper is based on the interpretation of original documents and field books recovered from the archives of the València City Council. In order to check the accuracy and consistency of the survey work, we recomputed all calculations directly from the field data, following the mathematical procedures of the time. We obtained a set of transformation parameters to convert the coordinates of 1929 to current coordinates based on the European Terrestrial Reference System of 1989 (ETRS89). Results showed that the 1929 primary triangulation angles and coordinates are accurate to 8 s of arc and 35 cm respectively, and that the coordinates transform well into the current reference system with average residuals of 26 cm across nine control points, demonstrating the high quality of the 1929 work.Villar-Cano, M.; Marqués-Mateu, Á.; Jiménez-Martínez, MJ. (2020). Triangulation network of 1929-1944 of the first 1:500 urban map of València. Survey Review (Online). 52(373):317-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2018.1564599S31732952373Bitelli, G., Cremonini, S., & Gatta, G. (2014). Cartographic heritage: Toward unconventional methods for quantitative analysis of pre-geodetic maps. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(2), 183-195. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2013.04.003Blachut, T. J., Chrzanowski, A., & Saastamoinen, J. H. (1979). Urban Surveying and Mapping. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6145-2Brinker, R. C., & Minnick, R. (Eds.). (1987). The Surveying Handbook. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1188-2Gatta, G. 2010. Valorizzazione di cartografia storica attraverso moderne tecniche geomatiche: recupero metrico, elaborazione e consultazione in ambiente digitale [Valuation of historic cartography using modern geomatics techniques: metric recovering, making and use in digital environment]. Doctoral thesis. Bologna: Universitá di Bologna. 295 pages. (In Italian).Gorse, C., Johnston, D., & Pritchard, M. (2012). A Dictionary of Construction, Surveying and Civil Engineering. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199534463.001.0001Hotine, M. (1939). THE RE-TRIANGULATION OF GREAT BRITAIN IV—BASE MEASUREMENT. Empire Survey Review, 5(34), 211-225. doi:10.1179/sre.1939.5.34.211Kahmen, H., & Faig, W. (1988). Surveying. doi:10.1515/9783110845716Leick, A., Rapoport, L., & Tatarnikov, D. (2015). GPS Satellite Surveying. doi:10.1002/9781119018612Murdin, P. (2009). Full Meridian of Glory. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75534-2Schofield, W., & Breach, M. (2007). Engineering Surveying. doi:10.1201/b12847Seeber, G. (2003). Satellite Geodesy. doi:10.1515/9783110200089Snyder, J. P. (1987). Map projections: A working manual. Professional Paper. doi:10.3133/pp139