A teaching-learning proposal using gamification: MATCH BASED LEARNING / Uma proposta de ensino-aprendizagem utilizando gamificação: MATCH BASED LEARNING

Match Based Learning is a new proposal for active learning strategies, based on gamification, which is justified by the need for innovation compared to what is currently used in the classroom. The methodology is based on a game of dispute between teams, which elaborates questions related to the class subject, and, in the sequence, the teacher analyzes and selects the questions that will be used in the duel between the teams. The proposal follows the stages: the teaching of the topic by the professor, division of teams, question elaboration, discussion of questions and answers, appointment of teams and selection of game leaders, and the game itself, where there are duels between members of each team, using the questions previously selected by the teacher. For each duel, it is possible to assign a value. The subject teaching in the new methodology can be associated with other types of teaching methods such as station rotation, inverted classroom, traditional class, dialog class, practical class, and others that can be used according to the professor's need. It is regarded that this methodology favors the participation and interaction of the students, as well as the interest in the proposed subject. Also, it places the student as the center of learning, using the game as a facilitator of their academic development, providing knowledge. It is believed that Match Based Learning contributes positively, so that classroom objectives are achieved, providing the student with building knowledge and developing skills and attitudes.O Match Based Learning é uma nova proposta de metodologia ativa de ensino, baseada em gamificação, que se justifica pela necessidade de inovação frente ao que é atualmente utilizado em sala de aula. A metodologia é baseada em um jogo de disputa entre equipes, as quais elaboram questões relacionadas à temática da aula e, na sequência, o professor analisa e seleciona as questões que serão utilizadas no duelo entre as equipes. A proposta segue as seguintes etapas: exposição do tema pelo professor, divisão das equipes, elaboração das questões, discussão das perguntas e respostas, nomeação das equipes e seleção dos líderes do jogo, e, o jogo em si, em que há duelos entre os integrantes de cada equipe, utilizando como perguntas as questões previamente selecionadas pelo docente. Para cada duelo, pode-se atribuir um valor. A nova metodologia pode ser associada a outros tipos de métodos de ensino como rotação por estações, sala de aula invertida, aula expositiva, aula dialogada, aula prática e outras que poderão ser inseridas conforme a necessidade do professor na apresentação do tema. Considera-se que esta metodologia favorece a participação e interação dos alunos, bem como o interesse pelo tema proposto. Além disso, coloca o aluno como centro do aprendizado, utilizando o jogo como facilitador do seu desenvolvimento acadêmico, propiciando a geração de conhecimento. Acredita-se que o Match Based Learning contribui de forma positiva para que os objetivos traçados em sala de aula sejam alcançados, proporcionando ao aluno a construção de conhecimento e desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes

Compressive fatigue in titanium dental implants submitted to fluoride ions action

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a fluoridated medium on the mechanical properties of an internal hexagon implant-abutment set, by means of compression, mechanical cycling and metallographic characterization by scanning electronic microscopy. Five years of regular use of oral hygiene with a sodium fluoride solution content of 1500 ppm were simulated, immersing the samples in this medium for 184 hours, with the solutions being changed every 12 hours. Data were analyzed at a 95% confidence level with Fisher's exact test. After the action of fluoride ions, a negative influence occurred in the mechanical cycling test performed in a servohydraulic machine (Material Test System-810) set to a frequency of 15 Hz with 100,000 cycles and programmed to 60% of the maximum resistance of static compression test. The sets tended to fracture by compression on the screw, characterized by mixed ruptures with predominance of fragile fracture, as observed by microscopy. An evidence of corrosion by pitting on sample surfaces was found after the fluoride ions action. It may be concluded that prolonged contact with fluoride ions is harmful to the mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium structures

Caracterização mecânica, física e química das ligas Ti-35Nb-5Zr e Ti-35Nb-10Zr

Nas áreas médica e odontológica, a utilização do titânio para a substituição de estruturas biológicas se confirmou a partir do reconhecimento de suas excelentes propriedades. Com o objetivo de atingir melhores propriedades mecânicas, não alterando, porém, sua biocompatibilidade, foi proposto adicionar nióbio e zircônio ao titânio, formulando-se duas ligas metálicas Ti-35%Nb-5%Zr (liga 1) e Ti-35%Nb- 10%Zr (liga 2) (%m/m). As ligas foram caracterizadas por propriedades mecânicas, físicas e químicas. Para a obtenção das ligas foi utilizado um forno de fusão a arco-voltáico com atmosfera inerte, controlada por bomba de vácuo e fluxo de argônio. A análise química das amostras foi realizada por fluorescência de raios X, e a avaliação microestrutural, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e difratometria de raios X. Os testes mecânicos realizados foram: dureza Vickers, resistência à tração, ciclagem mecânica por tração e análise de fratura. Os resultados permitiram caracterizar a liga 1 como do tipo α+β e a liga 2 como do tipo β. Conclui-se que a liga 1 apresentou maior dureza e menor resistência à tração do que a liga 2. As fraturas, após o teste de tração, foram do tipo dúctil e, após a ciclagem mecânica, foram do tipo mista para ambas as ligas. As características estudadas mostram que as ligas 1 e 2 são promissoras para a fabricação de implantes dentários.In medical and dentistry areas, the use of titanium for the substitution of biological structures has been confirmed since recognition of its excellent properties. With the objective of exploiting better mechanical properties, not altering, however, its biocompatibility, it was intended to add niobium and zirconium to the titanium, being formulated two metallic alloys Ti- 35%Nb-5%Zr (alloy 1) and Ti-35%Nb-10%Zr (alloy 2) (%m/m). The alloys were characterized through mechanical, physics and chemistries properties. For obtaining the alloys an arc-melting furnace was used under inert atmosphere, controlled by vacuum bomb and argon flow. The chemical analysis of the samples was accomplished by X –ray fluorescence, and the microestrutural evaluation by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The performed skilled mechanical tests were: Vickers hardness, tensile strength, mechanical cycling, and fracture analysis. The results allowed characterizing the alloy 1 as α+β type and the alloy 2 as β type. It is found that the alloy 1 presented larger hardness and smaller tensile strength than the alloy 2. The fractures, after the tensile test, were of the ductile type and, after the mechanical cycling, they were of the mixed type for both alloys. The studied characteristics have shown that the alloys 1 and 2 may be promises compounds for manufacture of dental implant.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Corrosão e tribocorrosão de novas ligas Ti35Nb5Zr e Ti35Nb10Zr em saliva artificial

The long-life success of dental implants relies on the interaction between the biomaterial and oral environment, always involving electrochemical reactions, mechanical stresses and mechanical wear. In order to improve the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of titanium (Ti), alloying elements are added to it, the most common alloy being Ti6Al4V. However, vanadium and aluminum are known to be toxic. Therefore, in last years, efforts are being made towards the development of new high resistant and biocompatible titanium alloys, namely from the TiNbZr system. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess the corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of new Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti35Nb10Zr in artificial saliva at 37°C, in comparison with the commercial Ti6Al4V alloy. Open circuit potential (Ecorr) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were carried in function of time (0-216h). Tribocorrosion tests were performed at different applied loads (50mN to 1N) both at Ecorr and anodic applied potential. In general, all alloys exhibited an increase of Ecorr with the immersion time, indicating the growth and stabilization of the passive film. The EIS results indicated that Ti35Nb10Zr alloy exhibited slightly better corrosion resistance than Ti6Al4V. Just as better tribocorrosion behavior at low applied loads. Therefore, the passive film formed on Ti35Nb10Zr alloy had better mechanical strength and corrosion resistance due to Nb2O5 e ZrO2. However, the bulk metal of Ti6Al4V suffered less mechanical wear. Concluding, Ti35Nb10Zr alloy appear as promising candidate for dental implant-abutment sets manufacturing.O sucesso dos implantes dentários em longo período depende da interação do biomaterial com o ambiente bucal, a qual envolve reações eletroquímicas, resistência mecânica e desgaste mecânico. Com o intuito de melhorar a resistência mecânica e à corrosão do titânio (Ti), elementos de liga são adicionados, sendo a liga Ti6Al4V a mais comum. Porém, o vanádio e o alumínio são considerados potencialmente tóxicos. Portanto, nos últimos anos, esforços vêm sendo feitos para o desenvolvimento de novas ligas de Ti ultra resistentes e biocompatíveis, a partir do sistema TiNbZr. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a corrosão e tribocorrosão das novas ligas Ti35Nb5Zr e Ti35Nb10Zr em saliva artificial a 37°C comparadas à liga comercial Ti6Al4V. Testes de potencial de circuito aberto com o tempo (Ecorr) e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) foram realizados em função do tempo (0-216h). Testes de tribocorrosão em função de cargas aplicadas (50mN-1N) foram realizados tanto em Ecorr como em potencial anódico aplicado. Como resultados, todas as ligas exibiram aumento de Ecorr com o tempo, indicando crescimento e estabilização do filme passivo. Os experimentos de EIS indicaram que a liga Ti35Nb10Zr possui resistência à corrosão ligeiramente maior que a liga Ti6Al4V, assim como melhor comportamento tribocorrosivo quando realizado com baixa carga. Portanto, o filme passivo formado na liga Ti35Nb10Zr possui melhor resistência à corrosão e ao desgaste devido à presença de Nb2O5 e ZrO2. Porém, o metal base da liga Ti6Al4V apresentou menor desgaste mecânico. Concluindo, a liga de Ti35Nb10Zr é candidata promissora a ser utilizada na fabricação de conjuntos implantes-componentes protéticos.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Compressive fatigue in titanium dental implants submitted to fluoride ions action

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a fluoridated medium on the mechanical properties of an internal hexagon implant-abutment set, by means of compression, mechanical cycling and metallographic characterization by scanning electronic microscopy. Five years of regular use of oral hygiene with a sodium fluoride solution content of 1500 ppm were simulated, immersing the samples in this medium for 184 hours, with the solutions being changed every 12 hours. Data were analyzed at a 95% confidence level with Fisher's exact test. After the action of fluoride ions, a negative influence occurred in the mechanical cycling test performed in a servohydraulic machine (Material Test System-810) set to a frequency of 15 Hz with 100,000 cycles and programmed to 60% of the maximum resistance of static compression test. The sets tended to fracture by compression on the screw, characterized by mixed ruptures with predominance of fragile fracture, as observed by microscopy. An evidence of corrosion by pitting on sample surfaces was found after the fluoride ions action. It may be concluded that prolonged contact with fluoride ions is harmful to the mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium structures

Influence of heat treatment and mechanical cycling on hardness and fracture analysis of Ti35Nb5Zr casting alloy

Titanium alloys are used in Dentistry due to their excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties. However, it is necessary to find a biocompatible alloy to substitute the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The presented suggestion was to study mechanical properties of a new titanium alloy without toxic elements. The Ti-35Nb-5Zr (%wt) alloy was produced by arc melting method. The tests were Vickers hardness, tensile strength and mechanical cycling, according to technical standards for titanium biomaterials. Hardness tests were performed in three different stages: before and after heat treatment at 1000°C for 1h, and after mechanical cycling test. The fracture analysis was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The mean values of Vickers hardness were 230.3±27.06HV before and 462.6±59.44HV after heat treatment (P<0.0001). The mean hardness values were different among the samples after mechanical cycling test. The comparison of hardness mean values after heat treatment and after dynamic test shows a decrease of the results. The maximum tensile strength mean value, obtained from tensile test, was 3,440N. It was observed, microscopically, the presence of dimples after mechanical cycling test. It was concluded that the hardness values were different at each step and the predominant fracture was the ductile type.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP