159 research outputs found
Sovereignty and underdevelopment: Juridical statehood in the African crisis
Cuando hablamos del “estado” en África Tropical de hoy día, es posible que hayamos creado una ilusión. Habitualmente el término significa una estructura política independiente con suficiente autoridad y poder como para gobernar un territorio definido y su población: es la estatalidad empírica. Esta es la noción predominante del estado en la teoría moderna política, jurídica y social y es una aproximación bastante fiel al hecho histórico en muchas partes del mundo —no solo en Europa y América del Norte, donde se desarrollaron y se enraizaron los primeros estados modernos, sino también en América del Sur, Oriente Medio y Asia, donde han surgido más recientemente—. Sin embargo, aunque el estado es una realidad ineludible, muchos de los llamados estados del África Tropical carecen de los elementos imprescindibles de la estatalidadWhen we speak of 'the state' in Tropical Africa today, we are apt to create an illusion. Ordinarily the term denotes an independent political structure of sufficient authority and power to govern a defined territory and its population: empirical statehood. This is the prevailing notion of the state in modern political, legal, and social theory, and it is a fairly close approximation to historical fact in many parts of the world —not only in Europe and North America, where modern states first developed and are deeply rooted, but also in some countries of South America, the Middle East, and Asia here they have more recently emerged. Nevertheless, even if the state is an inescapable reality, many so-called states in Tropical Africa, are seriously lacking in the essentials of statehood
Soberanía y subdesarrollo: estatalidad jurídica en la crisis africana
Cuando hablamos del “estado” en África Tropical de hoy día, es posible que hayamos creado una ilusión. Habitualmente el término significa una estructura política independiente con suficiente autoridad y poder como para gobernar un territorio definido y su población: es la estatalidad empírica. Esta es la noción predominante del estado en la teoría moderna política, jurídica y social y es una aproximación bastante fiel al hecho histórico en muchas partes del mundo —no solo en Europa y América del Norte, donde se desarrollaron y se enraizaron los primeros estados modernos, sino también en América del Sur, Oriente Medio y Asia, donde han surgido más recientemente—. Sin embargo, aunque el estado es una realidad ineludible, muchos de los llamados estados del África Tropical carecen de los elementos imprescindibles de la estatalidad
Cost per case or total cost? The potential of prevention of hand injuries in young children – Retrospective and prospective studies
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Health-care costs for hand and forearm injuries in young children are poorly documented. We examined costs in 533 children injured years 1996–2003.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Health-care costs and costs for lost productivity were retrospectively calculated in children from three catchment areas in Sweden. Seven case categories corresponding to alternative prevention strategies were constructed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Over time, diminishing number of ward days reduced the health-care cost per case. Among children, the cost of lost productivity due to parental leave was 14 percent of total cost. Fingertip injuries had low median costs but high total costs due to their frequency. Complex injuries by machine or rifle had high costs per case, and despite a low number of cases, total cost was high. Type of injury, surgery and physiotherapy sessions were associated with variations in health-care cost. Low age and ethnic background had a significant effect on number of ward days.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The costs per hand injury for children were lower compared to adults due to both lower health-care costs and to the fact that parents had comparatively short periods of absence from work. Frequent simple fingertip injuries and rare complex injuries induce high costs for society. Such costs should be related to costs for prevention of these injuries.</p
Surface Gap Soliton Ground States for the Nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger Equation
We consider the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation , with and and with periodic in each coordinate direction. This problem
describes the interface of two periodic media, e.g. photonic crystals. We study
the existence of ground state solutions (surface gap soliton ground
states) for . Using a concentration compactness
argument, we provide an abstract criterion for the existence based on ground
state energies of each periodic problem (with and ) as well as a more practical
criterion based on ground states themselves. Examples of interfaces satisfying
these criteria are provided. In 1D it is shown that, surprisingly, the criteria
can be reduced to conditions on the linear Bloch waves of the operators
and .Comment: definition of ground and bound states added, assumption (H2) weakened
(sign changing nonlinearity is now allowed); 33 pages, 4 figure
Oscillator Strengths and Damping Constants for Atomic Lines in the J and H Bands
We have built a line list in the near-infrared J and H bands (1.00-1.34,
1.49-1.80 um) by gathering a series of laboratory and computed line lists.
Oscillator strengths and damping constants were computed or obtained by fitting
the solar spectrum.
The line list presented in this paper is, to our knowledge, the most complete
one now available, and supersedes previous lists.Comment: Accepted, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, tentatively scheduled for
the Sep. 1999 Vol. 124 #1 issue. Text and tables also available at
http://www.iagusp.usp.br/~jorge
Nonlinear optics and light localization in periodic photonic lattices
We review the recent developments in the field of photonic lattices
emphasizing their unique properties for controlling linear and nonlinear
propagation of light. We draw some important links between optical lattices and
photonic crystals pointing towards practical applications in optical
communications and computing, beam shaping, and bio-sensing.Comment: to appear in Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials (JNOPM
The incidence of scarring on the dorsum of the hand
When undertaking image comparison of the hand between accused and perpetrator, it is not unusual for scars to be identified on the back of the hand. To investigate the occurrence of scarring in a discreet sample, a database of 238 individuals was examined, and the dorsum of the right and left hands was gridded for each individual. The position, size and type of scar were recorded within each grid. It was found that, in general, males exhibited a higher incidence of scarring than females. However, males were more likely to show scarring on their left hand whereas females were more likely to exhibit scarring on their right hand. Contrary to the literature, scarring was not most prevalent along the borders of the hand but occurred more frequently in association with the index and middle finger corridor regions. Surgical scars were rare as were large scars whereas linear scars smaller than 6 mm were the most frequently identified. Close to half of the sample did not exhibit scarring on one hand. The importance of understanding the pattern of scarring on the back of the hand is discussed in the light of forensic image comparison analysis
HD 65949: Rosetta Stone or Red Herring
HD 65949 is a late B star with exceptionally strong Hg II at 3984[A], but it
is not a typical HgMn star. The Re II spectrum is of extraordinary strength.
Abundances, or upper limits are derived here for 58 elements based on a model
with Teff = 13100K, and log(g) = 4.0. Even-Z elements through nickel show minor
deviations from solar abundances. Anomalies among the odd-Z elements through
copper are mostly small. Beyond the iron peak, a huge scatter is found. The
abundance pattern of the heaviest elements resembles the N=126 r-process peak
of solar material, though not in detail. We find a significant correlation of
the abundance excesses with second ionization potentials for elements with Z >
30. This indicates the relevance of photospheric or near-photospheric
processes. We explore a model with mass accretion of exotic material followed
by the more commonly accepted differentiation by diffusion. That model leads to
a number of predictions which challenge future work.
Likely primary and secondary masses are near 3.3 and 1.6 M(solar), with a
separation of ca. 0.25 AU. New atomic structure calculations are presented in
two appendices.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS: 16 pages, 5 figure
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