First-come first-served: identifying the demand effect of immigration inflows on house prices

An inflow of immigrants into a region affects house prices in three ways. In the short run, housing demand increases due to the increase in foreign-born population. In the long run, immigrants affect native location decisions and housing supply conditions. Previous research on the effect of immigration on local house prices has argued that the impact of immigrant demand cannot be separated from the demand changes due to native relocation or that the impact of immigrants on native mobility has no consequences on the estimates. In this paper I propose a methodology to pin down the immigrant demand effect. I apply it to Spanish data during the period 2002-2010 and I show that overlooking the impact of immigration on native mobility induces a sizeable bias in the short-run estimates. My results are robust to controlling for changes in housing supply

On the road to recovery?

Posted by Dr Rosa Sanchis-Guarner, SERC This morning the Government unveiled "the biggest road-building programme in 40 years", as part of a package of infrastructure schemes intended to drive the UK’s long-term economic development. Road-building is often opposed on environmental grounds, and those costs are clear. But does it produce any economic gains? Surprisingly, we have very little robust evidence - until now

Facebook or Wikipedia? ICT and education: evidence from student home addresses

Dr Rosa Sanchis-Guarner, BA Postdoctoral Fellow at the IC Business School and CEP Research Associate The Government is currently investing over £1 billion to provide superfast broadband to 95% of the UK by 2017. Both the European Union and the US have similarly ambitious plans to increase access to broadband services providing download speeds of 30Mbps or above. These investments are justified as having positive impacts on individuals and businesses, ranging from higher productivity to more flexible working schedules

Essays on urban and spatial economics

This thesis is composed of four chapters. The first one investigates the impact of immigration on housing markets. The rest study the effects of transport policy on economic outcomes. Chapter 1 provides causal estimates of the effects of an increase of foreign-born population on house prices. I use data for the Spanish provinces between 2001 and 2010. In order to infer causality I construct an instrument based on past location patterns by immigrant nationality. I find positive effects of the increase in the share of foreign-born population on both rental and purchase prices. The estimated elasticities are 0.6% for rental prices and 2% for purchase prices. I also investigate the relationship between immigration and native location (native displacement) and I find that immigrants attract natives to the same regions they locate. When I re-estimate the effects using solely the variation on population growth which is due to exogenous location of foreign-born, I find that estimates are around 30-40% smaller than if we ignored the relationship between immigration and native location decisions. Chapters 2 to 4 investigate the effects of road improvements on aggregate and individual economic outcomes, using data for Great Britain during the period 1998-2008. Chapter 2 develops the methodology to estimate the economic impacts of transport improvements. We summarise the existing evidence and the theoretical channels through which transport policy can impact firm, worker and aggregate economic outcomes. To capture the effect of road improvements, we construct a measure of accessibility to employment through the road network. For this purpose, we collect novel data on 31 major road improvement projects and combine this information with the trunk road network in Great Britain in 2008. This information is used to calculate optimal travel times between locations at each point in time, which are used in the computation of the accessibility measures. The last two chapters discuss the empirical results, for ward and firm outcomes(chapter 3) and for individual labour market outcomes (chapter 4). I find positive effects of accessibility on ward employment and number of plants, a limited effect on plant employment and no effect on productivity. Accessibility from workplace has substantial impacts on individual wages and total hours worked, while accessibility from home only seems to have an effect on reducing the travel time to work

Decomposing the impact of immigration on house prices

Immigrant inflows affect local house prices by increasing housing demand when when housing supply is fixed. In this paper, I show that we can formally decompose totaldemand changes into changes stemming from an immediate increase in population due to new arrivals (“partial effect”) and additional changes in demand from relocated natives (“induced effect”). I propose a methodology to separately estimate these two effects using Spanish provinces’ data from 2001- 2012. Applying an instrumental variables approach, I find that a 1 p.p. increase in the immigration rate increases average house prices by 3.3% and rents by 1%. Partial demand estimates are 24% smaller than the total estimates, due to immigrants and natives locating in the same provinces. The results show that accounting for the impact of immigration on native location choices is key to understanding net demand adjustments, as partial and total effects can significantly differ depending on native population mobility.Immigrant

Conceptualisation of the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers

[EN] Nowadays, collaborative knowledge management (CKM) is well accepted as a decisive asset in the field of networked enterprises and supply chains. However, few knowledge management initiatives have been performed successfully because, in most cases, the barriers that hinder the CKM process are unknown and misunderstood. Currently, the research reveals different uni- and bi-dimensional barriers' classifications, however multi-dimensional approaches provide a better view of the complexity in the area of CKM. Therefore, this paper proposes the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers taking into account: (i) perspectives; (ii) levels and (iii) barriers blocks to provide a reference way to audit the CKM barriers, and thus, in further research, focus on the corrections and adjustments to guarantee the success while implementing a CKM project.Sanchis, R.; Sanchis Gisbert, MR.; Poler, R. (2020). 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ICT and education: evidence from student homeaddresses

Governments are making it a priority to upgrade information and communication technologies (ICT) with the aim to increase available internet connection speeds. This paper presents a new strategy to estimate the causal effects of these policies, and applies it to the questions of whether and how ICT upgrades affect educational attainment. We draw on a rich collection of microdata that allows us to link administrative test score records for the population of English primary and secondary school students to the available ICT at their home addresses. To base estimations on exogenous variation in ICT, we notice that the boundaries of usually invisible telephone exchange station catchment areas give rise to substantial and essentially randomly placed jumps in the available ICT across neighboring residences. Using this design across more than 20,000 boundaries in England, we find that even very large changes in available internet speeds have a precisely estimated zero effect on educational attainment. Guided by a simple model we then bring to bear additional microdata on student time and internet use to quantify the potentially opposing mechanisms underlying the zero reduced form effect. We find that jumps in the available ICT have no significant effect on student time spent studying online or offline, or on their productivity. Finally, while faster connections appear to increase student consumption of online content, we find that the elasticity of student demand for online content with respect to its time cost is negative but bounded by -1

Estudo sobre a utilização de distintos serviços hospitalares no Hospital General Universitário de Alicante HGUA por pacientes estrangeiros (1 de Janeiro de 2011-30 de Junho 2014)

Este artículo estudia la importancia de la crisis actual como vector desestabilizador demográfico y su incidencia en la salud de la población extranjera empadronada. Concretamente analiza la utilización por parte de los pacientes nacidos en el extranjero de los distintos servicios hospitalarios del Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, atendiendo a las diferencias intergrupales, que adquieren, junto a la edad, un papel determinante de cara al tipo de patologías que aquejan a este colectivo y su coste en euros. Los resultados obtenidos permiten su comparabilidad en el tiempo y podrían extrapolarse al resto del territorio español.This article examines the importance of the current crisis and its impact on the health of the registered foreign population as a destabilizing demographic vector. It specifically examines the utilization by patients born abroad of different hospital services of the Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, considering the inter-group differences, which acquire, along with age, a decisive role with regard to the type of pathologies afflicting this group, and therefore, its cost in euros. The results obtained allow comparability over time and could be extrapolated to the rest of the Spanish territory.Este artigo estuda a importância da crise atual como vector desestabilizador demográfico e sua incidência na saúde da população estrangeira inscrita nos serviços de saúde. Concretamente, o estudo faz uma análise da utilização dos distintos serviços hospitalares no Hospital General Universitário de Alicante, por parte dos pacientes estrangeiros, considerando as diferenças inter-grupal, que adquirem, junto com a idade, um papel decisivo no que se refere ao tipo de patologias que afligem este grupo e, portanto, seu custo em euros. Os resultados obtidos permitem a comparabilidade ao longo do tempo e podem ser extrapolados para o resto do território espanhol

Decomposing the impact of immigration on house prices

An inflow of immigrants into a region impacts house prices in three ways. For a fixed level of local population, housing demand rises due to the increase in foreignborn population. In addition, immigrants can influence native location decisions and induce additional shifts in demand. Finally, changes in housing supply conditions can in turn affect prices. Existing reduced form estimates of the effect of immigration on house prices capture the sum of all these effects. In this paper I propose a methodology to identify the different channels driving the total effect. I show that, conditional on supply, total changes in housing demand can be decomposed into the sum of direct immigrant demand and indirect demand changes from relocated population. The size and sign of the indirect demand effect depends on the impact of immigration on native mobility. I use Spanish data during the period 2001-2012 to estimate the different elements of the decomposition, applying an instrumental variables strategy to obtain consistent coefficients. The results show that overlooking the impact of immigration on native location induces a sizeable difference between the total and the immigrant demand effects, affecting the interpretation of the estimates

Desarrollo de una sonda molecular basada en el fluoróforo Azul de Nilo para la detección de células senescentes en modelos in vivo

[ES] La senescencia celular es un proceso que sufren las células mitóticamente competentes mediante el cual se produce el arresto del ciclo celular, y que puede ser activado de forma natural o inducida como respuesta al estrés u otros estímulos. Este proceso provoca cambios morfológicos y fenotípicos que impiden la proliferación celular. Entre estos cambios, la sobreexpresión de la enzima lisosomal β-galactosidasa es el marcador más empleado para la detección. En el presente trabajo nos basamos en este aspecto para el desarrollo de una sonda molecular que permita la detección de células senescentes in vivo. Dicha sonda molecular está constituida por el fluoróforo Azul de Nilo aceptado por la Food and Drugs Administration, accesible en formato comercial y cuya emisión de fluorescencia se encuentra en el infrarrojo cercano, y por una molécula de galactosa que actúa como unidad de reconocimiento. El enlace entre fluoróforo y unidad de reconocimiento provoca una disminución de la señal de fluorescencia. En presencia de la enzima β-Galactosidasa, se produce la hidrólisis del enlace y el subsiguiente aumento de la fluorescencia. De esta forma, se obtiene un método de análisis cualitativo, rápido y poco invasivo que permite llevar a cabo la detección directa de células senescentes en modelos in vivo.[EN] Cellular senescence is a process that occurs in mitotically competent cells that promote the arrest of the cell cycle and can be activated by natural way or induced as response to stress or other stimuli. This process generates morphological and phenotypic changes that stops cell proliferation. Among these changes, the most used detection marker is the overexpression of lysosomal β-galactosidase enzyme. In this work, we are based on this aspect for the development of a molecular probe in order to detect senescent cells in vivo. This molecular probe is based in Nile Blue fluorophore, accepted by the Food and Drugs Administration, accessible in commercial source and whose fluorescence emission is in the near infrared, and a galactose molecule that acts as recognition unit. The bond between fluorophore and recognition unit provokes the deactivation of fluorescence signal. In the presence of β-Galactosidase enzyme, bond was hydrolyzed and the activation of fluorescence takes place. In this way, is obtained a qualitative, fast, and minimally invasive analysis method that allows the direct detection of senescent cells in vivo models.Vivens Sanchis, R. (2021). Desarrollo de una sonda molecular basada en el fluoróforo Azul de Nilo para la detección de células senescentes en modelos in vivo. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171035TFG