Atitudes e atributos pessoais relativos à receptividade das pacientes à participação de estudantes de medicina em consultas ginecológicas : um estudo de corte transversal

Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre as razões das pacientes para consentir ou recusar a presença de estudantes de medicina no ambulatório de Ginecologia, considerando seus fatores demográficos, experiência prévia com alunos, e sensibilidade com relação ao gênero. Métodos Entrevistas com as pacientes que aguardavam consultas ginecológicas previamente agendadas no Hospital Universitário de Brasília. Análises de contingência foram utilizadas para determinar os níveis de associação entre as variáveis das pacientes. Valores de p<0.05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Foram entrevistadas 469 pacientes. Observou-se forte associação entre o conforto com a presença do estudante e o número destes presentes à consulta (V de Cramér=0.671). A tendência ao consentimento (relação de motivos para consentir ou discordar da presença do estudante) relacionou-se significativamente (p<0.001) à maior receptividade à participação dos alunos (ρ=0.482), a uma avaliação positiva do comportamento aluno-médico em consultas anteriores (ρ =0.253, N=408), e a maior escolaridade das pacientes (ρ =0.158). Observou-se associação significativa entre receptividade das pacientes (p<0.001) e ausência de discriminação quanto ao gênero do médico (V de Cramér=0.388), experiência prévia com estudantes (V de Cramér =0.235), ciência de que estariam presentes à consulta (V Cramér=0.217), idade mais avançada (ρ=0.136; p=0.003), e multiparidade (ρ=0.102; p=0.027). Conclusão Maior receptividade à participação dos estudantes relacionou-se a cinco condições em ordem decrescente de força de associação: ausência de discriminação quanto ao gênero do médico ginecologista-obstetra, experiência prévia com estudantes, conhecimento antecipado sobre a presença deles, idade mais avançada, e multiparidade. Também foi observada correlação positiva entre maior tendência ao consentimento e maior receptividade à participação dos alunos e comportamento adequado médico-estudante.Objective To evaluate the association between the acceptance on the part of the patients and their reasons to consent to or refuse medical student attendance during gynecological outpatient care, considering the participants’ demographic characteristics, consultation experience, and gender bias or lack thereof. Methods Face-to-face interviews with patients waiting for gynecological consultations that had been scheduled in advance at Hospital Universitário de Brasília. Contingency analyses were used to determine the levels of association among the patient variables. The accepted significance level was values of p<0.05. Results We interviewed 469 patients. The comfort level with the presence of a student was strongly related to the number of students present during the consultation (Cramér V=0.671). The inclination to grant consent (a series of reasons to consent to or refuse student attendance) was significantly related (p<0.001) to the overall receptivity to student participation (ρ=0.482), the positive appraisal of student-doctor demeanor in previous consultations (ρ=0.253, N=408), and to greater levels of schooling (ρ=0.158). The patients’ receptivity was significantly related (p<0.001) to the lack of bias regarding the gender of the physician (CramérV=0.388), previous experience with students (Cramér V=0.235) and awareness of the fact that they would be present (Cramér V=0.217), older age (ρ=0.136, p=0.003), and multiparity (ρ=0.102, p=0.027). Conclusion Greater receptivity to student participation related significantly to five conditions in decreasing order of strength of association: lack of bias regarding the gender of the Ob-Gyn, previous experience with student involvement, awareness of the presence of students, older age, and multiparity. We also found that a more positive inclination to consent to student attendance correlated positively with a greater receptivity to student participation and to a suitable student-doctor demeanor

Anais do V Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação: Educação midiática e políticas públicas

A presente coletânea, que chega ao público através de um suporte digital, tem como objetivo disponibilizar os papers, bem como os relatos de experiências educomunicativas apresentados durante o V ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO, que teve como tema central: “Educação Midiática e Políticas Públicas”. O evento foi realizado em São Paulo, entre 19 e 21 de setembro de 2013, a partir de uma parceria entre o NCE/USP - Núcleo de Comunicação e Educação da USP, a Licenciatura em Educomunicação da ECA/USP, a ABPEducom – Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores e Profissionais da Educomunicação e a FAPCOM – Faculdade Paulus de Tecnologia e Comunicação, que ofereceu seu campus, na Vila Mariana, para os atos do evento. Os presentes anais disponibilizam o texto de abertura, de autoria do coordenador geral do evento, denominado “Educação midiática e políticas públicas: vertentes históricas da emergência da Educomunicação na América Latina”. Na sequência, apresentam 61 papers sobre aspectos específicos da temática geral, resultantes de pesquisas na área, seguidos de 27 relatos de práticas educomunicativas, em nível nacional

Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola

INTRODUCTION: Malaria during pregnancy remains a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and possible risk factors for malaria in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Augusto Ngangula Specialized General Hospital in Luanda, Angola. METHODS: Pregnant women (679 total) who attended antenatal care from April to September 2008 were included in the study after signing informed consent. For each participant, the social-demographic profile and malaria and obstetric histories were investigated via a questionnaire. Diagnosis was made by optic microscopy, and hemoglobin concentration measured. The associations between age, parity, gestational age, residence, schooling, malaria during gravity, anemia and treatment with incidence of Plasmodium falciparum infection were analyzed through logistic regression. RESULTS: During the period of study, 74 (10.9%) out of 679 women were infected by P. falciparum. The average concentration of hemoglobin was 11.1 ± 0.07g/dL, and there were significant associations between the history of malaria during pregnancy, P. falciparum infection (p<0.01) and anemia at the time of observation (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Previous history of malaria during pregnancy represents a risk factor for current infection and anemia was an important complication associated with malaria, even in women who were treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy

(Des)construção do modelo assistencial em saúde mental na composição das práticas e dos serviços (De)construction of the mental health care model in the composition of professional practices and services

A Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira trouxe uma nova visão de tratamento e acompanhamento para as pessoas com transtornos mentais. A criação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps), assim como a inserção de ações de saúde mental nos vários níveis de complexidade do sistema de saúde, assumem um importante papel no cenário das novas práticas de saúde mental, configurando-se como dispositivos estratégicos para a transformação do modelo hospitalocêntrico. O estudo tem como objetivo discutir a (des)construção do modelo assistencial em saúde mental no município de Sobral-CE, na composição das práticas e dos serviços. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza histórico-social, realizado na Rede de Atenção Integral à Saúde Mental do município de Sobral-CE. Utilizamos para a coleta de dados as técnicas de observação sistemática, documentos e a entrevista semiestruturada. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram definidos pela saturação teórico-empírica, sendo entrevistados 10 usuários, 9 trabalhadores e 4 coordenadores dos serviços de saúde mental. Os resultados revelaram que o modelo assistencial do município foi reestruturado, deslocando as ações em saúde mental do Hospital Psiquiátrico para os diversos níveis de complexidade do sistema de saúde. O modelo de Atenção Psicossocial prestado às pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais no município de Sobral-CE tem contribuído para a transformação do modelo psiquiátrico asilar na composição dos saberes e das práticas em saúde mental.<br>The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform has brought a new vision of treatment and monitoring for people with mental disorders. The creation of the Community Mental Health Centers (Caps) and the insertion of mental health actions in the various levels of complexity of the health system play a major role in the context of the new mental health practices, setting themselves as strategic devices to the transformation of the hospital model. The study aims to discuss the (de)construction of the mental health care model in the city of Sobral, state of Ceará, in the composition of the professional practices and services. This is a historical and social study, carried out in the Integral Mental Health Care Network of the city of Sobral. For data collection we used systematic observation techniques, documents and semi-structured interview. The research participants were defined by theoretical and empirical saturation. The interviews were conducted with ten users, nine workers and four coordinators of mental health services. The results showed that the health care model of the city was reorganized and the mental health actions of the Psychiatric Hospital were allocated in the diverse levels of complexity of the health system. The model of Psychosocial Care provided for people with mental disorders in the city of Sobral has contributed to the transformation of the institutional psychiatric model in the composition of knowledge and practice in mental health

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data