Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) in a Spanish community sample of children and adolescents

There is a growing interest in designing instruments to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children. The Obsessive- Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) has showed to be a valid in the evaluation of OCD in clinical and nonclinical populations. The main goal in this study was to analyze factor structure and psychometric properties of the OCI-CV in a community Spanish sample. Method: Data were collected from 914 children/adolescents with a mean age of 13.01 (SD = 1.96; Males = 51.3%). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out in order to study the internal structure of the OCI-CV Spanish version. Further, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of the total score and the factors obtained were examined. Finally, age and gender differences were also explored. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a similar structure to the original OCI-CV with the following six factors: Washing/Checking, Obsession, Ordering, Doubting, Neutralizing, and Hoarding. The internal consistency was strong for the total score, but moderate for the subscales. The Spanish version of the OCI-CV showed evidences of test-retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the OCI-CV is an instrument with adequate psychometric properties to assess obsessions and compulsions in Spanish children/adolescents.Psicologí

Eficacia de los tratamientos cognitivo-conductuales en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo en niños y adolescentes: una revisión cualitativa

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessivecompulsive disorder in children and adolescents: a qualitative review. Abstract: This paper presents the results a qualitative review study on effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. A total of 84 studies were located and retrieved, of which 17 were case reports, 37 were single case designs, 19 were quasi-experimental one-group studies, 6 were quasi-experimental comparison studies and 5 randomized controlled trials. The most widely treatment procedure, in the studies, was exposure with response prevention, which also was the most effective. We found a low representation of comparison studies, both quasi-experimental and experimental designs, as well as a lack of medium and long-term follow-ups, observational measures and a poor control of covert symptomatology and comorbidity.Psicologí

Eficacia de los tratamientos cognitivo-conductuales en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo en niños y adolescentes: Una revisión cualitativa

This paper presents the results a qualitative review study on effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. A total of 84 studies were located and retrieved, of which 17 were case reports, 37 were single case designs, 19 were quasi-experimental one-group studies, 6 were quasi-experimental comparison studies and 5 randomized controlled trials. The most widely treatment procedure, in the studies, was exposure with response prevention, which also was the most effective. We found a low representation of comparison studies, both quasi-experimental and experimental designs, as well as a lack of medium and long-term follow-ups, observational measures and a poor control of covert symptomatology and comorbidity.Se presentan los resultados de un estudio cualitativo de revisión de la eficacia de los tratamientos cognitivo-conductuales utilizados en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo en niños y adolescentes. Se localizaron y recuperaron un total de 84 estudios, de los cuales  17 consistían en informes de caso, 37 en diseños de caso único, 19 estudios pre-experimentales con diseño pre-postest, 6 estudios cuasi-experimentales y 5 estudios experimentales con grupo de control. El procedimiento más  utilizado en los diferentes estudios ha sido la exposición con prevención de respuesta, siendo además el de mayor eficacia. Se constata la baja representación de estudios de comparación tanto cuasi-experimentales como experimentales, al igual que la escasez de medidas de seguimiento a medio y largo plazo, la falta de utilización de medidas observacionales y el escaso control de la sintomatología encubierta y trastornos comórbidos

Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) in a Spanish community sample of children and adolescents

There is a growing interest in designing instruments to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children. The Obsessive- Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) has showed to be a valid in the evaluation of OCD in clinical and nonclinical populations. The main goal in this study was to analyze factor structure and psychometric properties of the OCI-CV in a community Spanish sample. Method: Data were collected from 914 children/adolescents with a mean age of 13.01 (SD = 1.96; Males = 51.3%). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out in order to study the internal structure of the OCI-CV Spanish version. Further, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of the total score and the factors obtained were examined. Finally, age and gender differences were also explored. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a similar structure to the original OCI-CV with the following six factors: Washing/Checking, Obsession, Ordering, Doubting, Neutralizing, and Hoarding. The internal consistency was strong for the total score, but moderate for the subscales. The Spanish version of the OCI-CV showed evidences of test-retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the OCI-CV is an instrument with adequate psychometric properties to assess obsessions and compulsions in Spanish children/adolescents.Psicologí

Psychometric properties of the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version in a community sample of Spanish children and adolescents

The aim of the current study was to analyze psychometric proper-ties of the Short LOI-CV in Spanish community sample. Participants were 914 children and adolescents with a mean age of 13.01 years (51.3% males). The EFA yielded a three-factor model representing Obsessions, Compulsions, and Cleanliness dimensions. Both, total score and subscales showed an adequate internal consistency. The Spanish version also exhib-ited good test-retest reliability and moderate convergent and discriminant validity. The younger participants (from 8 to 10 years) obtained higher means for total score and subscales than older participants (groups 11-13 and 14-18 years). Significant differences related to gender were also ob-served since males obtained higher means in Compulsions subscale. De-spite more research is required, this results suggested that Spanish version of the Short LOI-CV showed a good psychometric performance assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in community population.gPsicologí

El parque de Yuncos como espacio educativo y recreativo

Resumen basado en el del proyecto. Premiado en la convocatoria: Premios para proyectos de innovación concluidos durante el curso 2006-2007, en los centros educativos no universitarios sostenidos con fondos públicos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha (Orden 30-01-2008, de la Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. Resolución de 15-05-2009, de la Viceconsejería de Educación)El proyecto desarrolla una serie de actividades de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el campo de la educación ambiental basadas en el principio de la investigación recreativa. Las actividades se realizan en un parque municipal. Programadas por profesores del Instituto y del Colegio Público, en colaboración con el Ayuntamiento del municipio, dirigidas a alumnos de Primaria, e impartidas por alumnos de Secundaria, que intervienen como monitores. Los objetivos básicos que se persiguen son: mejorar la comunicación educativa entre centros de Primaria y de Secundaria, mediante el diseño compartido de actividades de enseñanza y aprendizaje, integrando conocimientos, planteamientos y experiencias docentes diferentes. Se persigue así una cooperación real y eficaz entre un Colegio y un Instituto de un mismo municipio, a partir de la colaboración en tareas comunes. Colaboración, a la que se suma el Ayuntamiento, facilitando aspectos logísticos y espacios necesarios para llevar a cabo las actividades programadas. En segundo lugar, incorporar al alumnado de secundaria en el proceso educativo como docente, impartiendo y adaptando actividades dirigidas a alumnos de niveles inferiores, como estrategia para lograr aprendizajes significativos y funcionales. El tercer objetivo es abordar la educación ambiental, explorando actividades con metodologías educativas basadas en el principio de la investigación recreativa con el objetivo de favorecer la adquisición de valores y conductas de respeto al medio ambiente. La metodología de trabajo se basa en el principio educativo de aprender a aprender, favoreciendo estrategias de aprendizaje a través del descubrimiento y de la interacción y facilitando la consecución de aprendizajes funcionales. La organización de las tareas se plantea a partir de un aprendizaje en grupos, que favorece las relaciones entre iguales y la superación de conflictos mediante el diálogo y la cooperación.Castilla La ManchaConsejería de Educación, Ciencia y Cultura. Viceconsejería de Educación y Cultura. Servicio de Documentación; Bulevar del Río Alberche, s. n. - 1 Planta; 45071 Toledo; Tel. +34925286045; Fax +34925247410; [email protected]

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field