Descriptive Translation Studies of Audiovisual Translation: 21st-century Issues, Challenges and Opportunities

Preprint Version (SherpaRomeoGreen)This paper aims to identify theoretical and methodological issues, challenges and opportunities posed by the specific nature of research on audiovisual translation (AVT) developed within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) based on a selective overview of such research in the 21st century. For this purpose, it offers a brief presentation of the overarching principles of DTS; a selective overview of research on AVT in the 21st century, considering the main achievements and challenges involved in such research; and a discussion of some theoretical and methodological issues, challenges and opportunities faced by Descriptive Audiovisual Translation Studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Power of Locality and the Use of English: A Case Study of Non-Translation in the Portuguese Blogosphere.

The reader of Portuguese blogs is often faced with a recurrent use of English in the titles of posts. The aim of this paper is to discuss this as an effect of the hegemony of English on the Portuguese blogosphere. It begins by an analysis of titles of texts posted in three Portuguese blogs in order to quantify the use of English titles, expressions or words. It then goes on to consider the possible historical and cultural factors underlying the ostensible propensity of Portuguese blogs to such colonization by the English language.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS)

Versão preprint (SherpaRomeoGreen)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Translating orality, recreating otherness

This article discusses the problem posed by linguistic variation for interlingual translation, in particular by the relation between language, context and identity in speech and orality, within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies. It starts by defining linguistic variation as a correlation of linguistic form, communicative meaning and sociocultural value. It examines the particular case of literary representation of varieties to suggest strategies and procedures for their translation. It ends with an analysis of selected examples of canonized British fiction and their translation into European Portuguese, and a discussion of causes and consequences of the patterning resulting from the translation of speech and orality in fiction.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

AN EVALUATION OF THE ADVANCE DIRECTIVES-LIVE ACTION SIMULATION TRAINING (AD-LAST) PROGRAM

Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a process that captures a patient’s wishes in the case of future circumstances in which they are unable to express them. Studies show that less than one third of the general population has completed some type of formal Advance Directive (AD). There are barriers to completing ADs, and these barriers operate on multiple levels, including, patient, provider and institutional. To improve providers’ capacity to help patients complete ACP, and overcome these barriers, a provider-focused intervention was conducted. The current study is an analysis of archival data collected from the Advance Directives-Live Action Simulation Training (AD-LAST) program developed and implemented at New York Presbyterian-Queens (NYP-Q). The AD-LAST workshop aimed to improve ACP and end-of-life (EOL) conversations by increasing clinician knowledge and self-efficacy in aspects of ACP and EOL. Although the intervention was independently successful in increasing clinicians’ knowledge and self-efficacy on ACP, we found that these two measures were unrelated to one another, and may represent distinct dimensions of improvements in ACP

Identidade social e estereótipos sociais de grupos em conflito : um estudo numa organização universitária

Em psicologia social, o conceito de identidade social tem sido bastante utilizado na descrição e análise do comportamento intergrupal, nomeadamente dos comportamentos de discriminação entre grupos sociais. Neste artigo apresentamos uma metodologia de avaliação da identidade social, já testada por outros autores (e.g., Monteiro, Lima e Vala, 1991), e pretendemos verificar a existência de uma relação entre identidade social, a criação de estereótipos e os comportamentos de discriminação intergrupal. A investigação que apresentamos analisa as representações e comportamentos de dois grupos em conflito numa organização universitária. Vamos verificar, para cada grupo: a) se a descrição do seu grupo (auto-descrição) contem características mais positivas do que a descrição do outro grupo (hetero-descrição); b) se uma identidade social elevada conduz à acentuação da discriminação intergrupal, isto é, se os estereótipos e os comportamentos de diferenciação se tornam mais extremos

African human mtDNA phylogeography at-a-glance

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic system has long proven to be useful for studying the demographic history of our species, since their proposed Southeast/East African origin 200 kya. Despite the weak archaeological and anthropologic records, which render a difficult understanding of early intra continental migrations, the phylogenetic L0-L1’6 split at about 140-160 kya is thought to represent also an early sub-structuring of small and isolated communities in South and East Africa. Regional variation accumulated over the following millennia, with L2 and L3 lineages arising in Central and East Africa 100-75 kya. Their sub-Saharan dispersal not later than 60 kya, largely overwhelmed the L0’1 distribution, nowadays limited to South African Khoisan and Central African Pygmies. Cyclic expansions and retractions of the equatorial forest between 40 kya and the “Last Glacial Aridity Maximum” were able to reduce the genetic diversity of modern humans.. Surviving regional-specific lineages have emerged from the Sahelian refuge areas, repopulating the region and contributing to the overall West African genetic similarity. Particular L1- L3 lineages mirror the substantial population growth made possible by moister and warmer conditions of the Sahara’s Wet Phase and the adoption of agriculture and iron smelting techniques. The diffusion of the farming expertise from a Central African source towards South Africa was mediated by the Bantu people 3 kya. The strong impact of their gene flow almost erased the pre-existent maternal pool. Non-L mtDNAs testify for Eurasian lineages that have enriched the African maternal pool at different timeframes: i) Near and Middle Eastern influences in Upper Palaeolithic, probably link to the spread of Afro-Asiatic languages; ii) particular lineages from West Eurasia around or after the glacial period; iii) post-glacial mtDNA signatures from the Franco-Cantabrian refugia, that have crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and iv) Eurasian lineages tracing back to the Neolithic or more recent historical episodes. Finally, the non-random sub-Saharan spread of North African lineages was likely mediated by the ancestors of Fulani, nomadic pastoral communities in the Sahel.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development of nanoparticles loaded with bioactive compounds for application as nutraceuticals

Tese de mestrado integrado. Bioengenharia (Engenharia Biomédica). Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 201

Identification of novel molecular determinants of tissue mineralization in fish

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015The identification of genes involved in signaling and regulatory pathways, and matrix formation is paramount to the better understanding of the complex mechanisms of bone formation and mineralization, and critical to the successful development of therapies for human skeletal disorders. To achieve this objective, in vitro cell systems derived from skeletal tissues and able to mineralize their extracellular matrix have been used to identify genes differentially expressed during mineralization and possibly new markers of bone and cartilage homeostasis. Using cell systems of fish origin and techniques such as suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray hybridization, three genes never associated with mechanisms of calcification were identified: the calcium binding protein S100-like, the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase sdr-like and the betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase bhmt3. Analysis of the spatial-temporal expression of these 3 genes by qPCR and in situ hybridization revealed: (1) the up-regulation of sdr-like transcript during in vitro mineralization of gilthead seabream cell lines and its specificity for calcified tissues and differentiating osteoblasts; (2) the up-regulation of S100-like and the down-regulation of bhmt3 during in vitro mineralization and the central role of both genes in cartilaginous tissues undergoing endo/perichondral mineralization in juvenile fish. While expression of S100-like and bhmt3 was restricted to calcified tissues, sdr-like transcript was also detected in soft tissues, in particular in tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. Functional analysis of gene promoters revealed the transcriptional regulation of the 3 genes by known regulators of osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation/mineralization: RUNX2 and RAR (sdr-like), ETS1 (s100-like; bhmt3), SP1 and MEF2c (bhmt3). The evolutionary relationship of the different orthologs and paralogs identified within the scope of this work was also inferred from taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses and revealed novel protein subfamilies (S100-like and Sdr-like) and the explosive diversity of Bhmt family in particular fish groups (Neoteleostei). Altogether our results contribute with new data on SDR, S100 and BHMT proteins, evidencing for the first time the role for these three proteins in mechanisms of mineralization in fish and emphasized their potential as markers of mineralizing cartilage and bone in developing fish