Fully Observable Non-deterministic Planning as Assumption-Based Reactive Synthesis

We contribute to recent efforts in relating two approaches to automatic synthesis, namely, automated planning and discrete reactive synthesis. First, we develop a declarative characterization of the standard “fairness” assumption on environments in non-deterministic planning, and show that strong-cyclic plans are correct solution concepts for fair environments. This complements, and arguably completes, the existing foundational work on non-deterministic planning, which focuses on characterizing (and computing) plans enjoying special “structural” properties, namely loopy but closed policy structures. Second, we provide an encoding suitable for reactive synthesis that avoids the naive exponential state space blowup. To do so, special care has to be taken to specify the fairness assumption on the environment in a succinct manner.Fil: D'ippolito, Nicolás Roque. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Natalia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Computación; ArgentinaFil: Sardina, Sebastian. RMIT University; Australi

Landscape Maintenance and Farming in the Alps: From Family Firms Up-Keeping to Inter-Institutional Arrangements

This contribution discusses assets and limits of the local/territorial level as a core level to improve the sustainability of agriculture. The focus is on the issue of rural landscape maintenance through farming. Some possible institutional solutions to overcome the difficulties of family farms are examined. New institutional settings such as the "local group", constituting an interface for the negotiation among different local stakeholders, seem to effectively facilitate the stipulation of local contracts for landscape management. The participation to these contracts requires a change in farmers' identity and a more general re-conceptualization of agricultural and environmental problems as community problems.Land use, Participatory approach, Rural development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use,

Propriedades da madeira de clones adultos de Tectona grandis crescendo na Costa Rica

Artículo científicoTectona grandis is an important wood in the commercial market due to its excellent workability, durability and aesthetic characteristics. Therefore, it is important to improve the conditions of reproduction and development in commercial plantations using clone reproduction, in order to produce trees with better wood quality. In this study we analyzed the general properties, physical properties and color of 20 adult teak clones (fifteen-year-old) from the area of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. It was found that at 15 years, the clones have a diameter which varies from 19.82 cm to 30.13 cm, the percentage of heartwood ranges from 49.76 to 60.02%, and that these values are similar to those found in the literature. In regards to the physical properties, it was found that the specific gravity ranges from 0.45 to 0.60 g.cm-3, the green moisture content varies from 70% to 110.6%. In the color properties, it was found that L* values ranged from 48 to 59, a* 7 to 9.5 and b * from 20.5 to 26.3. Likewise it was determined that the color change (ΔE*) compared to commercial wood color, is commonly categorized as perceptible in all clones. However, three of the clones studied have a darker color and reddish wood which indicates a color more desirable to the end user

Senna occidentalis aqueous extract for the synthesis of nanoparticles with cerium, lanthanum, copper, silver and zinc salts produces stable antimicrobial agent

The use of aqueous plant extracts to obtain nanoparticles are promising due to theiraccessibility, low cost, and eco-friendliness. The green synthesis of different nanoparticles wascarried out to explore their antimicrobial potentials as bioactive components in waterbornecoating formulations. Solutions of zinc, cerium, lanthanum, copper, and silver salts at differentconcentrations were used as sources of metal ions for the synthesis process. Aqueous plantextract of Senna ocidentalis, a small shrub about 3 ft. high belonging to Leguminosae familywas used as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles synthesis involved the mixingof 10 ml of the extract in 90mL of each metal salt solution at 60ºC and pH 7 withconstant stirring. The nanoparticle synthesis was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy after 24hours. The same technique was used to assess the stability of the nanoparticles over time.The characterization of the nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy and Fouriertransformed infrared spectroscopy showed stability after 30 days of synthesis. Theantimicrobial activity assay was performed against bacterial and fungal strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Chaetomium globosum and Alternaria alternata. These microorganisms wereselected due to their predominance and role in biodeterioration. Nanoparticles obtained with silverand copper solutions were stable. However, only the silver quasy-spherical nanoparticles showedantimicrobial activity against all tested strains.Fil: Barberia Roque, Leyanet. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; ArgentinaFil: Olayide, Obidi. Universidad de Lagos; NigeriaFil: Gámez Espinosa, Erasmo Junior. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; ArgentinaFil: Bellotti, Natalia. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; ArgentinaXXVII Internacional Material Research Congress 2018CancúnMéxicoMaterials Research Society y Sociedad Mexicana de Materiale

Purification and characterization of a keratinolytic serine protease from Purpureocillium lilacinum LPS # 876

A keratinolytic serine protease secreted by Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus) upon culture in a basal medium containing 1% (w/v) hair waste as carbon and nitrogen source was purified and characterized. After purification the keratinase was resolved by SDS-PAGE as a homogeneus protein band of molecular mass 37.0 kDa. The extracellular keratinase of P. lilacinum was characterized by its appreciable stability over a broad pH range (from 4.0 to 9.0), and up to 65 °C, along with its strong inhibition by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride among the protease inhibitors tested (98.2% of inhibition), thus suggesting its nature as a serine protease. The enzyme was active and stable in the presence of organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, and isopropanol; certain surfactants such as Triton X-100, sodium dodecylsulfate, and Tween 85; and bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide. These biochemical characteristics suggest the potential use of this enzyme in numerous industrial applications.Fil: Cavello, Ivana Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo En Fermentaciones Industriales (i); ArgentinaFil: Hours, Roque Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo En Fermentaciones Industriales (i); ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Natalia Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo En Fermentaciones Industriales (i); ArgentinaFil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo En Fermentaciones Industriales (i); Argentin

Purification and characterization of a polygalacturonase produced by Wickerhamomyces anomalus

The aim of this work was to study the purification and physicochemical properties of an endo-polygalacturonase (PG) produced by Wickerhamomyces anomalus isolated from the citrus fruit peels. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of W. anomalus grown on the yeast nitrogen base medium with glucose as carbon and energy source and citrus pectin as inductor. After anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, PG activity was eluted as a single peak, yielding 21% of the original activity. After dialysis and cation-exchange chromatography, only one fraction with PG activity was obtained, recovering 56% of initial enzyme activity and 1.3-fold increase in specific activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 43 kDa by the SDS-PAGE. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at pH 4.2 and was stable over a pH range from 3.5 to 6.0 and up to 49°C for 10 h. The Vmax and Km values with polygalacturonic acid as substrate were 0.26 mmol/L. min and 0.173 mg/mL, respectively. Cations such as Cu+2, Fe+3, Mg+2, Mn+2 and Zn+2 did not show any significant effect on PG activity but K+ and Ca+2 reduced it. The purified PG was able to macerate cassava tissues.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

Purification and characterization of a novel alkaline α-L-rhamnosidase produced by Acrostalagmus luteo albus

Rhamnosidases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal non reducing L-rhamnose for the bioconversion of natural or synthetic rhamnosides. They are of great significance in the current biotechnological area with applications in food and pharmaceutical industrial processes. In this study we isolated and characterized a novel alkaline rhamnosidase from Acrostalagmus luteo albus, an alkali tolerant soil fungus from Argentina. We also present here an efficient, simple, and inexpensive method for purifying the A. luteo albus rhamnosidase and describe the characteristics of the purified enzyme. In presence of rhamnose as sole carbon source, this fungus produces a rhamnosidase of 109 kDa molecular weight and a pI value of 4.6 determined by SDS-PAGE and analytical isoelectric focusing, respectively. This enzyme was purified to homogeneity by chromatographic and electroforetic techniques. Using p-nitrofenil--L rhamnopiranoside as substrate, the enzyme activity shows pH and temperature optima of 8.0 and 55 ºC, respectively. The enzyme exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with KM and Vmax values of 3.38 mmol.l-1 and 68.5 mmol.l-1.min-1. Divalent cations such as Ca+2, Mg+2, Mn+2, and Co+2 or reducing agents such as -mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol showed no effect over enzyme activity, whereas this was completely inhibited by Zn+2 at a concentration of 0.2 mM. This enzyme showed the capability to hydrolyze some natural rhamnoglucosides such as hesperidin, naringin and quercitrin under alkaline conditions. On the basis of these results, and mainly due to the high activity of the A. luteo albus rhamnosidase under alkaline conditions, this enzyme should be considered as a potential new biocatalyst for industrial applications.Fil: Rojas, Natalia Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Voget, Claudio Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Hours, Roque Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentin

Purification and characterization of a keratinolytic serine protease from <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> LPS # 876

A keratinolytic serine protease secreted by Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus) upon culture in a basal medium containing 1% (w/v) hair waste as carbon and nitrogen source was purified and characterized. After purification the keratinase was resolved by SDS-PAGE as a homogeneus protein band of molecular mass 37.0 kDa. The extracellular keratinase of P. lilacinum was characterized by its appreciable stability over a broad pH range (from 4.0 to 9.0), and up to 65 °C, along with its strong inhibition by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride among the protease inhibitors tested (98.2% of inhibition), thus suggesting its nature as a serine protease. The enzyme was active and stable in the presence of organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, and isopropanol; certain surfactants such as Triton X-100, sodium dodecylsulfate, and Tween 85; and bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide. These biochemical characteristics suggest the potential use of this enzyme in numerous industrial applications.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

La Ley Argentina de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional, a través de un enfoque comparativo con la Ley Peruana de Arbitraje

El 2018 ha sido un año productivo para el arbitraje latinoamericano. Los dos únicos países de la región que aún no lo habían hecho, sancionaron sendas leyes sobre arbitraje comercial internacional que, coincidentemente, se publicaron en la misma fecha, 26 de julio de 2018. Nos referimos a la Ley Argentina, N° 27.4493 [en adelante, la LACI], y a la Ley Uruguaya, N° 19.636. Cada país posee una riqueza que lo caracteriza y basa su política legislativa en ello. Esto se ve en los considerandos de la ley argentina, en que se expresa el objetivo de incentivar el comercio internacional y dotar al país de herramientas que lo faciliten. De manera similar, la política legislativa del Perú al expedir la Ley de Arbitraje en 2008 fue crear un ambiente sin trabas al firmado Tratado de Libre Comercio con los Estados Unidos, y su modificación de 2015 se propuso garantizar la seguridad jurídica, previniendo la comisión de fraudes y la afectación de derechos de terceros a través del uso indebido de la institución arbitral. La fuente directa de la ley argentina –como lo es de casi todas las legislaciones sobre arbitraje sancionadas en las últimas décadas– es la Ley Modelo de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional elaborada por la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional (CNUDMI/UNCITRAL) [en adelante, la LMU]. Tan así, es que la LACI reproduce el texto de la LMU, con algunas pocas modificaciones. La Ley de Arbitraje Peruana [en adelante, LAP] también se inspiró y tomó como fuente la LMU. Sin embargo, aunque tomó de la LMU sus principales instituciones, la LAP no siguió tan fielmente su texto como la LACI. La LAP se ha inspirado además en la Ley de Arbitraje Española de 2003, la Ley Federal Suiza en Derecho Internacional Privado, así como, el Reglamento de Arbitraje de la Cámara de Comercio Internacional, y el Reglamento de la Corte de Arbitraje Internacional de Londres. En este trabajo nos centraremos en analizar la LACI resaltando, en un enfoque comparativo, algunas de las principales diferencias que tiene con la LMU y con la LAP.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

La Ley Argentina de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional, a través de un enfoque comparativo con la Ley Peruana de Arbitraje

El 2018 ha sido un año productivo para el arbitraje latinoamericano. Los dos únicos países de la región que aún no lo habían hecho, sancionaron sendas leyes sobre arbitraje comercial internacional que, coincidentemente, se publicaron en la misma fecha, 26 de julio de 2018. Nos referimos a la Ley Argentina, N° 27.4493 [en adelante, la LACI], y a la Ley Uruguaya, N° 19.636. Cada país posee una riqueza que lo caracteriza y basa su política legislativa en ello. Esto se ve en los considerandos de la ley argentina, en que se expresa el objetivo de incentivar el comercio internacional y dotar al país de herramientas que lo faciliten. De manera similar, la política legislativa del Perú al expedir la Ley de Arbitraje en 2008 fue crear un ambiente sin trabas al firmado Tratado de Libre Comercio con los Estados Unidos, y su modificación de 2015 se propuso garantizar la seguridad jurídica, previniendo la comisión de fraudes y la afectación de derechos de terceros a través del uso indebido de la institución arbitral. La fuente directa de la ley argentina –como lo es de casi todas las legislaciones sobre arbitraje sancionadas en las últimas décadas– es la Ley Modelo de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional elaborada por la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional (CNUDMI/UNCITRAL) [en adelante, la LMU]. Tan así, es que la LACI reproduce el texto de la LMU, con algunas pocas modificaciones. La Ley de Arbitraje Peruana [en adelante, LAP] también se inspiró y tomó como fuente la LMU. Sin embargo, aunque tomó de la LMU sus principales instituciones, la LAP no siguió tan fielmente su texto como la LACI. La LAP se ha inspirado además en la Ley de Arbitraje Española de 2003, la Ley Federal Suiza en Derecho Internacional Privado, así como, el Reglamento de Arbitraje de la Cámara de Comercio Internacional, y el Reglamento de la Corte de Arbitraje Internacional de Londres. En este trabajo nos centraremos en analizar la LACI resaltando, en un enfoque comparativo, algunas de las principales diferencias que tiene con la LMU y con la LAP.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale