68 research outputs found
The 2015 Global Climate Legislation Study: a review of climate change legislation in 99 countries: summary for policy-makers
This report summarises the main insights from the 2015 Global Climate Legislation Study. It is the fifth edition in a series dating back to 2010 (Townshend et al., 2011). The 2015 edition covers 98 countries plus the EU, up from 66 in 2014, which together account for 93 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. The study is intended as a source of information for legislators, researchers and policy-makers. It is hoped that parliaments considering climate change legislation will benefit from the growing body of experience reflected in the study. Facilitating knowledge exchange among parliamentarians was one of the primary motivations behind the Climate Legislation Study when the series was conceived by the Grantham Research Institute, LSE and GLOBE International in 2010. Since then there have been many examples of parliamentarians learning from, and being inspired by, each other through forums such as GLOBE and the Inter-Parliamentary Union – the two co-sponsors of the 2015 study
Distinct but overlapping roles of LRRTM1 and LRRTM2 in developing and mature hippocampal circuits
LRRTMs are postsynaptic cell adhesion proteins that have region-restricted expression in the brain. To determine their role in the molecular organization of synapses in vivo, we studied synapse development and plasticity in hippocampal neuronal circuits in mice lacking both Lrrtm1 and Lrrtm2. We found that LRRTM1 and LRRTM2 regulate the density and morphological integrity of excitatory synapses on CA1 pyramidal neurons in the developing brain but are not essential for these roles in the mature circuit. Further, they are required for long-term-potentiation in the CA3-CA1 pathway and the dentate gyrus, and for enduring fear memory in both the developing and mature brain. Our data show that LRRTM1 and LRRTM2 regulate synapse development and function in a cell-type and developmental-stage-specific manner, and thereby contribute to the fine-tuning of hippocampal circuit connectivity and plasticity
Two superconducting states with broken time-reversal symmetry in FeSe1-xSx
Iron-chalcogenide superconductors FeSeS possess unique electronic
properties such as non-magnetic nematic order and its quantum critical point.
The nature of superconductivity with such nematicity is important for
understanding the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity. A recent
theory suggested the possible emergence of a fundamentally new class of
superconductivity with the so-called Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces (BFSs) in this
system. However, such an {\em ultranodal} pair state requires broken
time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in the superconducting state, which has not been
observed experimentally. Here we report muon spin relaxation (SR)
measurements in FeSeS superconductors for
covering both orthorhombic (nematic) and tetragonal phases. We find that the
zero-field muon relaxation rate is enhanced below the superconducting
transition temperature for all compositions, indicating that the
superconducting state breaks TRS both in the nematic and tetragonal phases.
Moreover, the transverse-field SR measurements reveal that the superfluid
density shows an unexpected and substantial reduction in the tetragonal phase
(). This implies that a significant fraction of electrons remain
unpaired in the zero-temperature limit, which cannot be explained by the known
unconventional superconducting states with point or line nodes. The
time-reversal symmetry breaking and the suppressed superfluid density in the
tetragonal phase, together with the reported enhanced zero-energy excitations,
are consistent with the ultranodal pair state with BFSs. The present results
reveal two different superconducting states with broken TRS separated by the
nematic critical point in FeSeS, which calls for the theory of
microscopic origins that account for the relation between the nematicity and
superconductivity.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, typos corrected. Accepted for publication in PNA
Water Sorption Kinetics of Wheat Noodle with Different Diameters
The water sorption properties of udon-like wheat noodle were measured at different temperatures to estimate changes in the moisture content and loss of mass; transient changes in these properties could be expressed by hyperbolic and exponential empirical equations, respectively. The maximum moisture content changed stepwise with temperature near the gelatinization temperature of wheat flour; however, the initial sorption rate with temperature obeyed the Arrhenius equation. These processes were also measured for wheat noodle with different initial diameters at 100°C. Changes in the moisture content could be expressed by a hyperbolic equation as a function of time divided by the square of the initial diameter. The loss of wheat noodle mass was proportional to the specific surface area, and the loss per specific surface area could be expressed solely as a function of time
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