Atomic and electronic structure of bismuth-bilayer-terminated Bi2Se3(0001) prepared by atomic hydrogen etching

Under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY).A bilayer of bismuth is recognized as a prototype two-dimensional topological insulator. Here we present a simple and well reproducible top-down approach to prepare a flat and well ordered bismuth bilayer with a lateral size of several hundred nanometers on Bi2Se3(0001). Using scanning tunneling microscopy, surface x-ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy we show that exposure of Bi2Se3(0001) to atomic hydrogen completely removes selenium from the top quintuple layer. The band structure of the system, calculated from first principles for the experimentally derived atomic structure, is in excellent agreement with recent photoemission data. Our results open interesting perspectives for the study of topological insulators in general.This work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through priority program SPP 1666 (Topological Insulators). M.M.O. and E.V.C. thank the Tomsk State University Academic D.I. Mendeleev Fund Program (Research Grant No. 8.1.05.2015).Peer Reviewe

Atomic and electronic structure of bismuth-bilayer-terminated Bi2Se3(0001) prepared by atomic hydrogen etching

A bilayer of bismuth is recognized as a prototype two-dimensional topological insulator. Here we present a simple and well reproducible top-down approach to prepare a flat and well ordered bismuth bilayer with a lateral size of several hundred nanometers on Bi2Se3(0001). Using scanning tunneling microscopy, surface x-ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy we show that exposure of Bi2Se3(0001) to atomic hydrogen completely removes selenium from the top quintuple layer. The band structure of the system, calculated from first principles for the experimentally derived atomic structure, is in excellent agreement with recent photoemission data. Our results open interesting perspectives for the study of topological insulators in general

Using Finite Element Approach for Crashworthiness Assessment of a Polymeric Auxetic Structure Subjected to the Axial Loading

Polyurethane foams are one of the most common auxetic structures regarding energy absorption enhancement. This present study evaluates the result reliability of two different numerical approaches, the H-method and the P-method, to obtain the best convergence solution. A polymeric re-entrant cell is created with a beam element and the results of the two different methods are compared. Additionally, the numerical results compare well with the analytical solution. The results show that there is a good agreement between converged FE models and the analytical solution. Regarding the computational cost, the P-method is more efficient for simulating the re-entrant structure subjected to axial loading. During the second part of this study, the re-entrant cell is used for generating a polymeric auxetic cellular tube. The mesh convergence study is performed on the cellular structures using the H- and P- methods. The cellular tube is subjected to tensional and compressive loading, the module of elasticity and Poisson’s ration to calculate different aspect ratios. A nonlinear analysis is performed to compare the dynamic response of a cellular tube versus a solid tube. The crashworthiness indicators are addressed and the results are compared with equivalent solid tubes. The results show that the auxetic cellular tubes have better responses against compressive loading. The primary outcome of this research is to assess a reliable FE approach for re-entrant structures under axial loading

Atomic structure and properties of magnetic adsorbates on the topological insulator Bi2Se

Resumen del trabajo presentado al Moscow International Symposium on Magnetism (MISM), celebrado en Moscú (Rusia) del 29 de junio al 3 de julio de 2014.Support by DFG through SPP1666 is acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Experimental investigation on energy absorption of auxetic foamfilled thin-walled square tubes under quasi-static loading

Auxetic materials are modern class of materials that have recently been gaining popularity within the research community due to their enhanced mechanical properties. Unlike conventional materials, they exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio when subjected to a uniaxial loading. This present research experimentally investigates the crush response and energy absorption performances of auxetic foam-filled square tubes under axial loading. For comparison, the crush response and energy absorption of empty and conventional foam-filled squares tubes have also been examined with respect to deformation modes and force displacement curve. Standard compression tests were conducted on a series number of thin-walled tube samples. An additional compression test on conventional and auxetic foam has also been conducted to observe the behavior of foam itself. It is evident that the auxetic foam-filled square tubes are superior to empty and conventional foam-filled square tubes in terms of energy absorption capacity. It shows that such tube is preferable as an impact energy absorber due to their ability to withstand axial loads effectively. Furthermore, it is found that the load capacity increases as the crush length increases. The primary outcome of this study is design information for the use of auxetic foam-filled square tubes as energy absorbers where impact loading is expected particularly in crashworthiness applications

Atomic and electronic structure of bismuth-bilayer-terminated Bi2Se3(0001) prepared by atomic hydrogen etching

A bilayer of bismuth is recognized as a prototype two-dimensional topological insulator. Here we present a simple and well reproducible top-down approach to prepare a flat and well ordered bismuth bilayer with a lateral size of several hundred nanometers on Bi2Se3(0001). Using scanning tunneling microscopy, surface x-ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy we show that exposure of Bi2Se3(0001) to atomic hydrogen completely removes selenium from the top quintuple layer. The band structure of the system, calculated from first principles for the experimentally derived atomic structure, is in excellent agreement with recent photoemission data. Our results open interesting perspectives for the study of topological insulators in general

Generating long supra-molecular pathways with a continuous density of states by physically linking conjugated molecules via their end-groups

International audienceSelf-assembly of conjugated 2,5-dialkoxy-phenylene-thienylene-based oligomers on epitaxial monolayer graphene was studied in ultrahigh vacuum by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The formation of long one-dimensional (1D) supramolecular chain-like structures has been observed, associated to a physical linking of their ends which involved the rotation of the end thiophene rings in order to allow π–π stacking of these end-groups. dI/dV maps taken at an energy corresponding to the excited states showed a continuous electronic density of states, which tentatively suggests that within such molecular chains conjugation of electrons is preserved even across physically linked molecules. Thus, in a self-organization process conjugation may be extended by appropriately adapting conformations of neighboring molecules. Our STM results on such self-organized end-linked molecules potentially represent a direct visualization of J-aggregates

Consequences of a Single Double Bond within a Side Group on the Ordering of Supramolecular Polymers

By combining atomic force microscopy experiments and full-atomistic computer simulations, we compared the two-dimensional ordering dynamics of two variants of supramolecular polymers of bis-urea molecules which differed only by a single <i>cis</i>-double bond in their side groups. At early stages of ordering, the double bonds favored kinks at the level of individual molecules, which induced transient steric constraints hindering the spontaneous formation of long supramolecular polymers. In addition, due to these kinks, molecule–substrate interactions were disturbed. At later stages, however, due to a progressively increasing number of established directional hydrogen bonds between molecules, the self-assembly process improved and thereby increased the length of the supramolecular polymers. Large domains of micrometer-long and aligned supramolecular polymers were formed, epitaxially guided by the graphite substrate and having a constant width consistent with the length of the molecule. Thus, introducing flexible (kinked) side chains can reduce the nucleation probability and slow the growth of supramolecular polymers due to incommensurablility with the crystalline substrate. Such an elementary control of nucleation and growth via the introduction of a single double bond represents a powerful pathway for the formation of large ordered domains of aligned one-dimensional supramolecular polymers