Uji Alat Penjepit Ekor Untuk Menentukan Efek Anal Gesik Ekstrak Air Rimpang Temu Kunci (Kaempferia Pandurata Roxb) Pada Mencit Jantan

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Tail-Clip untuk meneliti kemampuan alat penjepit ekor dalam menguji khasiat analgesik ekstrak air rimpang temu kunci (Kaempferia pandurata Roxb) kadar 80% (dosis 16 g/kgBB) berdasarkan waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh mencit jantan untuk menggigit sumber stimulus. Sebagai pembanding diberikan Pethidin HCL 0,1% dan sebagai kontrol diberikan aquadest 20 ml/kgBB. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini berupa waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh mencit jantan untuk menggigit sumber stimulus (alat penjepit ekor). Dari analisa data dengan menggunakan Anova One Way dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Student­ Newman-Keuls, terlihat peningkatan waktu yang dibutuhkan hewan coba untuk menggigit sumber stimulus (alat penjepit ekor) secara bermakna pada kelompok uji dan pembanding, dan antara kelompok uji dengan kelompok pembanding juga terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa alat penjepit ekor yang dibuat dapat digunakan untuk menentukan efek analgesik ekstrak air rimpang temu kunci (Kaempferia pandurata Roxb) berdasarkan waktu yang dibutuhkan hewan coba menggigit sumber stimulus

Disminución del sobrepeso en adolescentes de 13 - 14 años a través del deporte-fútbol

Disminución del sobrepeso en adolescentes de 13- 14 años a través del deporte-fútbol, con este título o planteamiento de problema lo que se pretende analizar es comprobar o simplemente verificar si es verídico o no, ya que la inquietud de esta investigación es comprobar que tanta disminución de peso se obtiene al realizar un trabajo planificado, sistematizado con los componentes de volumen, carga e intensidad, frecuencias (cardiaca y respiratoria), donde estos serán el estimulo que dará paso a determinar si hay disminución o no del sobrepeso; la idea a realizar es el diseño de 22 unidades didácticas en las cuales dos de ellas serán recopilación de datos, la primera para obtener información de cómo se encuentran los investigados y la segunda para el final; que también será para recopilar información y a su vez demostrará los cambios que se hayan producido dar durante las sesiones, las demás serán las que se realizaran en lo largo de las semanas, las 20 unidades serán las centrales; es decir, donde se enfocará la mayor parte del trabajo.PregradoLICENCIADO(A) EN EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA Y DEPORTE

Early and Middle Holocene Hunter-Gatherer Occupations in Western Amazonia: The Hidden Shell Middens

We report on previously unknown early archaeological sites in the Bolivian lowlands, demonstrating for the first time early and middle Holocene human presence in western Amazonia. Multidisciplinary research in forest islands situated in seasonally-inundated savannahs has revealed stratified shell middens produced by human foragers as early as 10,000 years ago, making them the oldest archaeological sites in the region. The absence of stone resources and partial burial by recent alluvial sediments has meant that these kinds of deposits have, until now, remained unidentified. We conducted core sampling, archaeological excavations and an interdisciplinary study of the stratigraphy and recovered materials from three shell midden mounds. Based on multiple lines of evidence, including radiocarbon dating, sedimentary proxies (elements, steroids and black carbon), micromorphology and faunal analysis, we demonstrate the anthropogenic origin and antiquity of these sites. In a tropical and geomorphologically active landscape often considered challenging both for early human occupation and for the preservation of hunter-gatherer sites, the newly discovered shell middens provide evidence for early to middle Holocene occupation and illustrate the potential for identifying and interpreting early open-air archaeological sites in western Amazonia. The existence of early hunter-gatherer sites in the Bolivian lowlands sheds new light on the region's past and offers a new context within which the late Holocene "Earthmovers" of the Llanos de Moxos could have emerged. © 2013 Lombardo et al

The potential of using biotechnology to improve cassava: a review

The importance of cassava as the fourth largest source of calories in the world requires that contributions of biotechnology to improving this crop, advances and current challenges, be periodically reviewed. Plant biotechnology offers a wide range of opportunities that can help cassava become a better crop for a constantly changing world. We therefore review the state of knowledge on the current use of biotechnology applied to cassava cultivars and its implications for breeding the crop into the future. The history of the development of the first transgenic cassava plant serves as the basis to explore molecular aspects of somatic embryogenesis and friable embryogenic callus production. We analyze complex plant-pathogen interactions to profit from such knowledge to help cassava fight bacterial diseases and look at candidate genes possibly involved in resistance to viruses and whiteflies—the two most important traits of cassava. The review also covers the analyses of main achievements in transgenic-mediated nutritional improvement and mass production of healthy plants by tissue culture and synthetic seeds. Finally, the perspectives of using genome editing and the challenges associated to climate change for further improving the crop are discussed. During the last 30 yr, great advances have been made in cassava using biotechnology, but they need to scale out of the proof of concept to the fields of cassava growers

Reducing adverse impacts of Amazon hydropower expansion

Proposed hydropower dams at more than 350 sites throughout the Amazon require strategic evaluation of trade-offs between the numerous ecosystem services provided by Earth\u27s largest and most biodiverse river basin. These services are spatially variable, hence collective impacts of newly built dams depend strongly on their configuration. We use multiobjective optimization to identify portfolios of sites that simultaneously minimize impacts on river flow, river connectivity, sediment transport, fish diversity, and greenhouse gas emissions while achieving energy production goals. We find that uncoordinated, dam-by-dam hydropower expansion has resulted in forgone ecosystem service benefits. Minimizing further damage from hydropower development requires considering diverse environmental impacts across the entire basin, as well as cooperation among Amazonian nations. Our findings offer a transferable model for the evaluation of hydropower expansion in transboundary basins