Identification of Key Centers of Vulnerability in the City of Hamedan Against Floods Using GIS Software and River Modeling HEC_RAS

Urban floods have been exacerbated by climate change, urbanization, and limited drainage of urban infrastructure. Over the past decades, they had many negative effects, including the vulnerability of key centers. The vulnerability of key urban centers through man-made hazards and natural disasters causes their inefficiency, intensifies public dissatisfaction and lack of service in accidents. In order to make key centers resilient, it is necessary to identify important centers and examine their vulnerability to various hazards and threats. Criteria and sub-criteria for grading and evaluation of assets were weighted by AHP technique in Expert Choice software and then the key centers of the city were identified. Intra-Urban and extra-Urban hydrology and modeling of rivers in Hamadan in different return periods were studied by using HEC-RAS software. Next, the results were transferred to GIS and flood risk zoning of Hamadan was determined. After entering the average sample comments in Expert Choice software, the weight of each index was determined separately, which shows that the quantitative level of utilization index has the highest weight and the economic value of the asset has the lowest weight. Finally, with the adaptation of key centers and flood risk zones in GIS, vulnerable centers were identified

Role of fertilization regime on soil carbon sequestration and crop yield in a maize-cowpea intercropping system on low fertility soils

Achieving food security through intensive agricultural practices on low fertility soils is challenging as crop productivity is increasingly curtailed by the loss of soil structural stability and rapid depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC). As such, the conversion from traditional mono-cropping to legume-cereal intercropping, especially with integrated fertilization, may increase crop yields with the least ecological footprint. We set up a 2-year field experiment in a split-plot design with cowpea-maize monoculture and intercropping under different organic-inorganic fertilization regimes, including no fertilization (control), organic input only (compost), chemical input only (NPK), and multi-nutrient enriched compost (NPKEC). We observed that intercropped maize had a significantly higher biomass yield compared to the corresponding monoculture when fertilized with NPKEC fertilizer. However, cowpea biomass yield differences between monoculture and intercropped plots were comparable under all fertilization regimes. In contrast, the grain yield advantage of both maize and cowpea was significantly enhanced under the intercropping system compared to monoculture, with NPKEC showing the most significant effect among all fertilization regimes. When comparing the relative contribution of the fertilization regime to SOC, the NPKEC fertilizer provided the highest SOC-sequestration (0.30 Mg C/ha yr−1). At the same time, the effect of the cropping system on C-sequestration showed that intercropping provided the highest C-sequestration (0.17 Mg C/ha yr−1) compared to monocultures of both crops. Although compost application significantly increased mineral associated (MAOC) and particulate associated organic carbon (PAOC) concentrations compared to unfertilized control plots, NPKEC fertilization with intercropping system was the most effective combination causing the greatest increase of both soil C pools over time. Based on redundancy analysis (RDA), the positive association of MAOC and PAOC with C-sequestration suggests the importance of both organic fractions as primary C reservoirs conducting SOC storage. Importantly, although compost alone in association with intercropping had a lower C-sequestration, it was associated to a better soil structure as confirmed by its positive relationship with macro-and micro-aggregation, water stable aggregates (WSA), and mean weight diameter (MDA). Overall, our results indicate the importance of restoring soil structure in degraded soils through appropriate land management solutions, such as stoichiometrically balanced fertilization practices (NPKEC) and crop diversification (intercropping), in order to achieve significant gains in SOC storage and, ultimately, improve crop productivity

Himmetzade Ahmed Jazbi s Divan

Hazırlanan tez on dokuzuncu yüzyılda yaşayan tanınmış şairlerinden biri olan Hemmetzade Ahmet Cezbi'ye ait bir kaç eserin incelemesinden ibarettir. Inceleme sırasında şairin farklı üç eserini ele aldığımız için bu çalışma üç ana bölümden oluşmuştur. Birinci Bölüm: Hemmetzade Ahmet Cezbi'nin genel tanıtımı: kendi manzum eserlerinden faydalanarak edebi ve dini şahsiyetini tanıtmak. Divan içerisindenki nazım biçimlerinin şekillerini incelenmessi. Aruz vezinleri, vezin ve şaire has uslup ve dil özellikleri. Tertiplenmiş divan ve transkiripsiyonlu metin. İkinci bölüm: Her üç eser de aynı şairin olduğu için bu bölümde eserler ve ortak dil özelliklerini incelemeye çalışılmıştır. Ahmet Cezbi'nin divançesindeki nazım biçimlerinin incelenmesi. Aruz vezini ve rediflerin incelenmesi. Tertiplenmiş divan ve transkiripsiyonlu metin. Üçüncü bölüm: Aşkiyye risalesi. Masnevi şeklinde yazılmış olan bu risalenin son bölümünde Ahmet Cezbi'nin kendi divanı yer almaktadır ve eldeki kaynaklara göre ayrı bir eser olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bölümde risalenin de transkiripsiyonu verilmiştir.Prepared thesis is a study of some poetical works of "Hemmatzadeh Ahmad Jazbi" that he is one of the faces and symbols of the early nineteenth century. Where of during the investigation we deal with three different poetry effect, we clasified this prepared thesis in three different sections: First Section: 1. Knowing "Hemmatzadeh Ahmad Jazbi" and his literary and religious character with using resources obtained and studying of his poetical works. 2. Review order forms of he poetry, prosodic templates, lyrics row and also review the special style and linguistic mode of the poet. 3. Sorted and transkrypted poetry of "hemmad zadeh ahmad Jazbi" Second Section: Where of the effects of all three poetry effect is one person and the effects have the same linguistic mode, so in this part these discussion is intendesi; 1. Discussion order forms in incomplete concise collection "A hmad Jazbi", discussion prosodic templates and lyrics row 2. The sorted and transkrypted Ahmad Jazbi's incomplete concise collection Third Section: This metricall dissertation that is written in masnavi form, is locatedat at the last secton of "Ahmad Jazbi's order form" as for the resources obtained this poetic works is separate and independent. In this part of the verse is to provide Transkryp

Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) Induced Changes in Growth, Some Biochemical Attributes, and Mineral Accumulation in Two Cultivars of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

WOS: 000372032500001Addition of cadmium, lead, and cadmium + lead (Cd, Pb, and Cd+Pb) to growth medium leads to a reduction in seed germination, length, fresh and dry biomass of shoots and roots, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and soluble proteins in plants. This study was undertaken on two mungbean cultivars (MN-92 and MN-98). Application of these metals in the growth medium reduced the bioabsorption of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). Concentrations of all the metals were greater in the roots than in the shoots except for K, which was greater in the shoots. Mungbean cultivar NM-98 performed better than NM-92 in response to heavy-metal toxicity. Overall, the metal-induced physiobiochemical changes resulted in reduced growth of both mungbean cultivars

Contrasting effects of untreated textile wastewater onto the soil available nitrogen-phosphorus and enzymatic activities in aridisol

Water shortage and soil qualitative degradation are significant environmental problems in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The increasing demand for water in agriculture and industry has resulted in the emergence of wastewater use as an alternative in these areas. Textile wastewater is produced in surplus amounts which poses threat to the environment as well as associated flora and fauna. A 60-day incubation study was performed to assess the effects of untreated textile wastewater at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % dilution levels on the physicochemical and some microbial and enzymatic properties of an aridisol soil. The addition of textile wastewater provoked a significant change in soil pH and electrical conductivity and soil dehydrogenase and urease activities compared to the distilled-water treated control soil. Moreover, compared to the control treatment, soil phosphomonoesterase activity was significantly increased from 25 to 75 % application rates, but decreased at 100 % textile wastewater application rate. Total and available soil N contents increased significantly in response to application of textile wastewater. Despite significant increases in the soil total P contents after the addition of textile wastewater, soil available P content decreased with increasing concentration of wastewater. Changes in soil nutrient contents and related enzymatic activities suggested a dynamic match between substrate availability and soil N and P contents. Aridisols have high fixation and low P availability, application of textile wastewater to such soils should be considered only after careful assessment